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1
Gure institutuan?
AIXERROTA BHI
ORIENTAZIO SAILA
TRATU TXARRIK
2
Tratu txarrei
buruz hitz egiten
dugunean ...
AIXERROTA BHI
ORIENTAZIO SAILA
3
✔ Institura etorri nahi
ez duen ikasleaz hitz
egiten dugu.
4
✔ Igande arratsaldean
gaixorik jartzen den
ikasleaz hitz egiten
dugu.
5
✔Matxakaturik
sentitzen den ikasleaz
hitz egiten dugu.
6
✔Behin eta berriro
erridikuluan jartzen
duten ikasleaz hitz
egiten dugu.
7
✔Txantaje ekonomikoa
sufritzen duen
ikasleaz hitz egiten
dugu.
8
TRATU TXARRen
ezaugarriak
• Ikasle harroputz batek (edo batzuek)
beste ikasle bati erasoak egiten
dizkio nahita.
• Ikasle erasotzailearen eta biktimaren
artean indar desoreka egoten da (bat
indartsua eta bestea ahulagoa).
• Eraso hau behin eta berriro
gertatzen da.
9
erasoak
nahita
indar
desoreka
indar desoreka
behin eta berriro
behin eta berriro
nahita
nahita
10
Zer ez da bullying-a?
• Egun bateko haserrea.
• Nahi gabe lagun bat bultzatzea.
• Haserretu ostean lagun bati
iraintzea.
• …
• …
11
12
TRATU TXAR MOTAK
• Fisikoa
• Ahozkoa
• Psikologikoa
• Soziala
13
TARTU TXAR motak
• Fisikoa: bultzatzea, ostikoak ematea,
ukabilkadak...
• Bullying mota hau
eskolan institutuan
baino gehiago
jazotzen da.
14
TRATU TXAR motak
Hitzezkoa:
• Jende aurrean irain, ezizenak, eta
abar erabiltzea da.
• Sarritan eta etengabe akats
fisikoak nabarmentzea.
• Telefono mugikorra edota
messenger-aren bidez mezu
negatiboak bidaltzea.
15
Psikologikoa
Ondorio hauek sortzeko helburua
dute :
– ikasleen autoestimua ahultzea
– segurtasuna gutxitzea edota
desagertzea
– beldurra gehitzea
16
• Soziala:
• Ikasle bat taldean sartzen ez
uztea, bazterturik izatea, beste
batzuk konbentzitzea berarekin ez
joateko.
• Normalean beste taldekideak begira
eta ezer egin barik geratzen dira.
17
Nortzuk dira
erasotzaileak ?
Erasotzailea
• Eraso fisikoetan (indarra
jokoan egoten denean)
gehienetan erasotzailea
gizonezkoa da.
• Eraso psikologikoetan
neskak zein mutilak
agertzen dira erasotzaile.
18
Nortzuk dira erasotzaileak
• Nolakoak dira?
• Agresiboak izaten dira
• Nahiak adierazteko eta negoziatzeko trebetasun
gutxi izaten dituzte
• Biktimaren lekuan jartzeko zailtasunak izaten
dituzte
• Erru sentimendurik ez dute izaten
• Ira kontrolatzeko gaitasunik ez dute izaten
• Oso borrokalariak izaten dira, indarkeriarako
joera izaten dute
• Odol bizikoak izaten dira
• Beste batzuk nahitaez menperatu behar dituzte.
19
Nortzuk dira
erasotzaileak?
Tipologia:
Bi mota definitzen dira:
• Erasotzaile aktiboa . Berak jotzen du biktima.
Biktimarekin zuzeneko harremanak ditu eta
bere jarraitzaileen jokabidea batzuetan
ezkutuan gobernatzea lortzen du. Biktimak
erasotzera bultzatzen ditu.
• Erasotzaile pasiboak (erasotzailearen
jarraitzaileak edo aldekoak).
20
Nortzuk dira biktimak?
Nortasuna
• Ahulak
• Segurtasunik gabekoak
• Sentiberak
• Lasaiak eta lotsatiak
• Autoestimu bajua
• Beldurtuta sentitzeko joera
• Gelakideak baino ahulagoak
21
Nortzuk dira biktimak?
Tipologia:
• Biktima pasiboa (arruntena).
• Segurtasunik gabeko pertsonak dira,
gutxi nabaritzen direnak,
erasotzailearen oldarra isilik sufritzen
dutenak.
• Erasoen eta irainen aurrean ez dute
inolako erantzunik ematen.
22
Ikusleak
Erasoen lekuko izan arren, ez dute parte
hartzen, nolabait erasotzailearen konplize
isilak bihurtzen direlarik.
Biktimaren zirkuluan sarrarazi eta haiek
ere eraso hartzaile izateko beldurrak
galarazten die ezer egitea biktimaren
alde.
23
Nagusiak
(irakasleak eta gurasoak)
• Nagusiak (guraso eta irakasleak) normalean
arazo honetaz gutxitan ohartzen gara.
• Gehienetan erasoak ez dira gure aurrean
gertatzen.
• Beraz, bullying-aren kasuak ezagutzeko 2
bide:
IKASLEEK irakasleei gertatutakoa
kontatzen diete
IKASLEEK gurasoei kontatzen diete eta
hauek irakasleei.
24
Ikasleok zarete
eraso hauen berri
eman ahal diguzuenok.
Ikasleon informazioa ezinbestekoa
da kasu hauek ebitatzeko eta
arazoak konponbidean jartzeko.
25
TARTU TXARren ondorioak
• Biktimak sufritzen dituenak:
• Ondoriorik kaltegarrienak, dudarik gabe,
biktimak sufritzen dituenak izaten dira:
– Eskola porrota
– Larridura eta urduritasun handia
– Eskolara joatearen beldur izatea
– Arrisku fisikoak
– Nortasun segurutasunik gabe garatzea.
– Inoiz suizidatzen saiatzera daroaten eraso
erreakzioak ere izan daitezke.
26
TRATU TXARen ondorioak
• Erasotzailearenak:
• Nahiak indarrez lortzen direla ikasten du
• Indar (fisiko zein psikologiko) gehien
daukanak poterea daukala barneratzen
du.
• Nagusitan horrelako rolak errepikatuko
ditu.
27
Esku-hartzea
Guztion zeregina da
»Ikasleak
»Irakasleak
»Gurasoak
»Gizartea
28
TRATU TXARRIK Gure
institutuan?
Ez, inola ez!!

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