This document summarizes a presentation on translational research given to the Wisconsin Health Science Librarians Association. It defines translational research as research that facilitates moving findings from basic science into practical applications to improve human health. It discusses how clinical and translational research centers (CTSAs) were established by the NIH to help re-engineer the clinical research enterprise and speed the translation of research results. CTSAs work to build infrastructure, support innovative research, and provide education and training across 60 centers nationally.
From personalized medicine to personalized science - a new concept in biogero...Anna Ericsson
This document proposes a new model for patient-driven, goal-oriented biomedical research. The key aspects of the model are:
1) Patients with chronic conditions and no known cures would engage directly in research efforts by providing funding, samples, and project management expertise to a multidisciplinary research team.
2) Research organizations would assemble teams of scientists and physicians and announce specific research projects focused on patients' medical issues. Teams would be selected and funded by the interested patients.
3) The model is proposed to better integrate research and clinical practice by having patients directly involved in coordinating goal-oriented research projects aimed at their conditions.
Cemal H. Guvercin MedicReS 5th World Congress MedicReS
Ethical Issues in Artifical Intelligence Applied to Medicine Presentation to MedicReS 5th World Congress on October 19,25,2015 in New York by Cemal H. Guvercin, MD, PhD
NIH Research grants (R series) are an important funding mechanism for independent investigators as these awards offer the opportunity to head up major research projects.
In this presentation, Dr. Ian de Boer will leverage his experience from winning six different R awards to provide R series grant writing strategies. He explores: which R award is best for you; readiness and qualifications for independent support; formulating focused and solid research strategies; how to avoid common mistakes; tips for early investigators; and NIH expectations and grant requirements.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based orthodontics. It defines evidence-based orthodontics as integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The need for evidence-based orthodontics is that it allows practitioners to provide the currently best care available to patients. Evidence-based orthodontic practice differs from traditional practice by regularly accessing new evidence, identifying risk factors, and providing continuous, patient-centered, and efficient care. Systematic reviews are used to summarize research evidence in an unbiased manner to inform clinical decision making.
Evaluating medical literature guide final 5.7.12CreativeQi
This document provides a guide for medical students on evidence-based practice. It covers the basics of evidence-based practice, including that it involves integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external evidence. It outlines the basic steps of asking an answerable clinical question using PICO, identifying the appropriate study type to answer the question, and understanding levels of evidence. The document provides guidance on searching the literature, including useful databases and search techniques. It also offers approaches for evaluating the literature from both a clinical and epidemiological perspective and communicating evidence to patients.
The document discusses evidence-based orthodontics. It begins with definitions of evidence and evidence-based dentistry. It then discusses the history and evolution of evidence-based practice from the 19th century to present day. The need for evidence-based orthodontics is described as providing patients with the currently best available care. Clinical scenarios are presented and critically appraised based on evidence from the literature. Different study designs and hierarchies of evidence are reviewed. The importance of evidence-based decision making in orthodontics is emphasized.
This document discusses various topics related to health research including:
- Definitions of research and health research.
- Key attributes of good research include planning, accurate data collection, and proper unbiased interpretation.
- Health research serves to identify health challenges and provide solutions to improve health systems.
- Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are useful for understanding health issues.
From personalized medicine to personalized science - a new concept in biogero...Anna Ericsson
This document proposes a new model for patient-driven, goal-oriented biomedical research. The key aspects of the model are:
1) Patients with chronic conditions and no known cures would engage directly in research efforts by providing funding, samples, and project management expertise to a multidisciplinary research team.
2) Research organizations would assemble teams of scientists and physicians and announce specific research projects focused on patients' medical issues. Teams would be selected and funded by the interested patients.
3) The model is proposed to better integrate research and clinical practice by having patients directly involved in coordinating goal-oriented research projects aimed at their conditions.
Cemal H. Guvercin MedicReS 5th World Congress MedicReS
Ethical Issues in Artifical Intelligence Applied to Medicine Presentation to MedicReS 5th World Congress on October 19,25,2015 in New York by Cemal H. Guvercin, MD, PhD
NIH Research grants (R series) are an important funding mechanism for independent investigators as these awards offer the opportunity to head up major research projects.
In this presentation, Dr. Ian de Boer will leverage his experience from winning six different R awards to provide R series grant writing strategies. He explores: which R award is best for you; readiness and qualifications for independent support; formulating focused and solid research strategies; how to avoid common mistakes; tips for early investigators; and NIH expectations and grant requirements.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based orthodontics. It defines evidence-based orthodontics as integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The need for evidence-based orthodontics is that it allows practitioners to provide the currently best care available to patients. Evidence-based orthodontic practice differs from traditional practice by regularly accessing new evidence, identifying risk factors, and providing continuous, patient-centered, and efficient care. Systematic reviews are used to summarize research evidence in an unbiased manner to inform clinical decision making.
Evaluating medical literature guide final 5.7.12CreativeQi
This document provides a guide for medical students on evidence-based practice. It covers the basics of evidence-based practice, including that it involves integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external evidence. It outlines the basic steps of asking an answerable clinical question using PICO, identifying the appropriate study type to answer the question, and understanding levels of evidence. The document provides guidance on searching the literature, including useful databases and search techniques. It also offers approaches for evaluating the literature from both a clinical and epidemiological perspective and communicating evidence to patients.
The document discusses evidence-based orthodontics. It begins with definitions of evidence and evidence-based dentistry. It then discusses the history and evolution of evidence-based practice from the 19th century to present day. The need for evidence-based orthodontics is described as providing patients with the currently best available care. Clinical scenarios are presented and critically appraised based on evidence from the literature. Different study designs and hierarchies of evidence are reviewed. The importance of evidence-based decision making in orthodontics is emphasized.
This document discusses various topics related to health research including:
- Definitions of research and health research.
- Key attributes of good research include planning, accurate data collection, and proper unbiased interpretation.
- Health research serves to identify health challenges and provide solutions to improve health systems.
- Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are useful for understanding health issues.
This document summarizes the results of a survey assessing patient safety culture in 15 California hospitals. The survey was sent to over 6,000 hospital employees, including physicians, executives, and other staff, with a 47.4% overall response rate. The survey found that on average, 18% of responses suggested an absence of safety culture, while another 18% were neutral. Responses varied significantly between hospitals and job types. Clinicians, especially nurses, and frontline workers generally gave more negative responses than executives and non-clinical staff. The results provide information on how perceptions of safety culture differ within and between hospitals and employee groups. Further research is needed to understand how to improve safety culture across an organization.
Evidence based orthodontics litesh /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Evidence based orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an overview of evidence-based nursing practice and how to effectively search for and evaluate evidence. It defines evidence-based practice as using the best available evidence from research to improve clinical practice. A 5-step process is outlined: formulating a question, searching literature, critically appraising evidence, applying evidence to practice, and re-evaluating. Guidance is given on formulating search strategies using PICO and searching various library databases and resources like Cochrane and CINAHL to find relevant evidence to answer clinical questions.
The document provides an overview of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). It discusses the history and definition of EBD, and outlines the five steps (5As) involved: asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising the quality of evidence, applying evidence to individual patients, and assessing performance. EBD aims to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. While EBD focuses on using high-quality evidence, traditional dentistry may rely more on subjective opinions. The document concludes that adopting EBD can help improve patient care by providing a balanced and transparent approach.
The characteristics of the Ideal Source for practicing Evidence-Based Medicine are:-
Located in the clinical setting
Easy to use
Fast, reliable connection
Comprehensive /Full Text
Provides primary data
The document discusses various resources for evidence-based dentistry, including textbooks, Cochrane handbooks, journal articles, databases, and guidelines. It provides details on the types of articles most useful for evidence-based practice, such as systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Examples are given of evidence-based dentistry journals and databases like PubMed Health that summarize clinical effectiveness research.
This document discusses Kyle Gunnerson's roles and responsibilities as Chief of the Division of Emergency Critical Care and Director of the Emergency Critical Care Center at the University of Michigan Health System. It provides an overview of his federal and institutional grant funding, committees, and clinical trials work focusing on acute critical care research through the Emergency Critical Care Center.
This candidate has a strong educational background in biochemistry, cell biology, and global health. They have clinical experience working in a free clinic in Tijuana, Mexico where they assisted patients, conducted research, and helped coordinate operations. They have also gained teaching experience as a genetics teaching assistant and research experience working in an ophthalmology lab investigating the molecular genetics of eye diseases. Their skills include laboratory techniques, data analysis, strong communication skills in English and Spanish, and experience designing and managing independent research projects.
Evidence based dentistry/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses evidence-based periodontology. It defines evidence-based practice and outlines the stages in evidence-based practice, including framing clinical questions and searching for evidence through systematic reviews. Critical appraisal of evidence is important to determine internal and external validity. The best available evidence was searched for various periodontal therapies and procedures, finding that mechanical debridement remains the foundation treatment, while some adjunctive therapies provide modest benefits. A review found reduced pocket depth reduction in smokers compared to non-smokers following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research protocol. It explains that a research protocol is a document that describes the research question, hypothesis, objectives, design, methodology, statistical considerations and expected outcomes. It emphasizes that the protocol should communicate the need and nature of the study in a simple, clear manner to convince stakeholders. The document outlines the various sections that should be included in a protocol such as introduction, methodology, analysis plan, references and ethics considerations. It stresses that the protocol should indicate how the study will advance scientific knowledge and potentially impact healthcare, policies or further research. The document provides tips for choosing a feasible, novel topic and refining the research question and objectives. It also discusses various study designs, sampling techniques,
This 2 credit hour course aims to teach evidence-based practice to physical therapy students. It will cover defining evidence-based practice, formulating clinical questions, searching and appraising literature, implementing findings, and evaluating outcomes. Students will learn to critically appraise different types of research studies, clinical prediction rules, clinical practice guidelines, and more. Lab activities include literature searches and critical appraisal of diagnostic, prognostic, and intervention studies. Students will be assessed through exams, practical labs, assignments, and a case study to evaluate their understanding of applying evidence-based principles to physical therapy practice.
Evidence based decision making in periodonticsHardi Gandhi
INTRODUCTION TO EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY
EVIDENCE BASED PERIODONTOLOGY
NEED, PRINCIPLES, GOALS AND ADVANTAGES OF EBDM
SKILLS NEEDED FOR EBDM
ASSESING THE EVIDENCE
INCORPORATING INTO THE PRACTICE
Medical research is important for several reasons:
1) It helps discover new facts and develop new techniques to cure diseases, keep people alive longer, and improve quality of life.
2) Research is necessary to find causes of diseases, develop new treatments through clinical trials, and create diagnostic tests for early detection.
3) Many modern medical advances like vaccines, blood pressure medications, and transplant surgery resulted from past medical studies.
En el año 2001, R. Brian Haynes (uno de los líderes naturales del Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group) sintetizó en un modelo piramidal de cuatro estratos los recursos de información en base a su utilidad y propiedades en la toma de decisiones en la atención sanitaria. Esta estructura jerárquica se denominó pirámidea de las “4S” por las iniciales en inglés de los cuatro recursos que la componen: Systems, Synopses, Syntheses y Studies.
El mismo autor añadió, en el año 2006, un estrato más a la pirámide (Summaries), conociéndose, por ello, como la pirámide de las “5S”. Finalmente, en el año 2011 se dividieron las Synopses en dos grupos (Synopses of Studies y Synopses of Syntheses), para conseguir la pirámide final de las “6S”, donde los niveles ascendentes entrañan un menor volumen de información, pero un mayor grado de procesamiento de la misma.
Y es hace tan solo unos meses, en el año 2016 cuando Haynes de nuevo (junto con B.S. Alper) simplifican de nuevo la pirámide y regresan a 5 escalones y que son, de abajo a arriba:
1. Studies
2. Systematic Reviews
3. Systematically Derived Recommendations (Guidelines)
4. Synthesised Summaries for Clinical Reference
5. Systems
The document describes a new 34-week innovation and entrepreneurship program for medical residents and fellows at the University of Michigan. The program aimed to help participants explore new ideas for medical devices, health technologies, and ways to improve healthcare delivery. Isaac Wang, a radiology resident, participated in the program and learned about developing prototypes, intellectual property, funding, and determining commercial viability of new ideas. The program was led by Jonathan Fay from the university's Center for Entrepreneurship and helped participants refine their ideas and prepare to pitch them to potential investors.
This document discusses evidence-based medicine and provides tools for practicing it. It summarizes that there is often a gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice. It then outlines various tools like systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and databases that can help bridge that gap by providing critically appraised evidence. It emphasizes Archie Cochrane's view that randomized controlled trials should be organized and summarized by specialty to help inform practice. Finally, it encourages applying and doing, not just knowing, when it comes to evidence-based medicine.
An introduction to evidence based medicine, Prof. Usama M.Foudaumfrfouda
This document provides an introduction to evidence-based medicine (EBM). It defines EBM as a systematic approach to clinical problem solving that integrates the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. The key steps of EBM are outlined as asking a focused clinical question, acquiring the best evidence to answer that question, appraising the validity and importance of the evidence, and applying the evidence to individual patients. Levels of evidence are also discussed, with the highest levels being systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the basic principles and process of evidence-based medicine.
Translation research aims to bridge the gap between basic science and clinical applications by developing new medical treatments and ensuring they reach patients. It has two parts: T1 translates new knowledge from basic research into clinical tests and applications; T2 translates clinical findings into practice. Successful translation requires multidisciplinary teams with expertise in both basic and clinical research. Challenges include coordinating large research efforts and overcoming barriers to implementing new practices. National research institutions have established translation centers and programs to facilitate collaboration between scientists and speed the delivery of new treatments to improve human health.
This document provides an overview of clinical research. It defines clinical research as research conducted with human subjects in clinical settings to evaluate methods of disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cure. Clinical trials are a subset of clinical studies that evaluate investigational medicines. The purpose of clinical research is to create knowledge to improve health. Key differences between clinical practice and clinical research are described, such as clinical research having a primary goal of gathering generalizable knowledge compared to individualized treatment in clinical practice. Different phases of clinical trials are outlined including objectives and typical number of participants. Challenges of conducting research in real-world clinical settings and the role of clinician-researchers are also discussed.
This document summarizes the results of a survey assessing patient safety culture in 15 California hospitals. The survey was sent to over 6,000 hospital employees, including physicians, executives, and other staff, with a 47.4% overall response rate. The survey found that on average, 18% of responses suggested an absence of safety culture, while another 18% were neutral. Responses varied significantly between hospitals and job types. Clinicians, especially nurses, and frontline workers generally gave more negative responses than executives and non-clinical staff. The results provide information on how perceptions of safety culture differ within and between hospitals and employee groups. Further research is needed to understand how to improve safety culture across an organization.
Evidence based orthodontics litesh /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Evidence based orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an overview of evidence-based nursing practice and how to effectively search for and evaluate evidence. It defines evidence-based practice as using the best available evidence from research to improve clinical practice. A 5-step process is outlined: formulating a question, searching literature, critically appraising evidence, applying evidence to practice, and re-evaluating. Guidance is given on formulating search strategies using PICO and searching various library databases and resources like Cochrane and CINAHL to find relevant evidence to answer clinical questions.
The document provides an overview of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). It discusses the history and definition of EBD, and outlines the five steps (5As) involved: asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising the quality of evidence, applying evidence to individual patients, and assessing performance. EBD aims to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. While EBD focuses on using high-quality evidence, traditional dentistry may rely more on subjective opinions. The document concludes that adopting EBD can help improve patient care by providing a balanced and transparent approach.
The characteristics of the Ideal Source for practicing Evidence-Based Medicine are:-
Located in the clinical setting
Easy to use
Fast, reliable connection
Comprehensive /Full Text
Provides primary data
The document discusses various resources for evidence-based dentistry, including textbooks, Cochrane handbooks, journal articles, databases, and guidelines. It provides details on the types of articles most useful for evidence-based practice, such as systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Examples are given of evidence-based dentistry journals and databases like PubMed Health that summarize clinical effectiveness research.
This document discusses Kyle Gunnerson's roles and responsibilities as Chief of the Division of Emergency Critical Care and Director of the Emergency Critical Care Center at the University of Michigan Health System. It provides an overview of his federal and institutional grant funding, committees, and clinical trials work focusing on acute critical care research through the Emergency Critical Care Center.
This candidate has a strong educational background in biochemistry, cell biology, and global health. They have clinical experience working in a free clinic in Tijuana, Mexico where they assisted patients, conducted research, and helped coordinate operations. They have also gained teaching experience as a genetics teaching assistant and research experience working in an ophthalmology lab investigating the molecular genetics of eye diseases. Their skills include laboratory techniques, data analysis, strong communication skills in English and Spanish, and experience designing and managing independent research projects.
Evidence based dentistry/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses evidence-based periodontology. It defines evidence-based practice and outlines the stages in evidence-based practice, including framing clinical questions and searching for evidence through systematic reviews. Critical appraisal of evidence is important to determine internal and external validity. The best available evidence was searched for various periodontal therapies and procedures, finding that mechanical debridement remains the foundation treatment, while some adjunctive therapies provide modest benefits. A review found reduced pocket depth reduction in smokers compared to non-smokers following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research protocol. It explains that a research protocol is a document that describes the research question, hypothesis, objectives, design, methodology, statistical considerations and expected outcomes. It emphasizes that the protocol should communicate the need and nature of the study in a simple, clear manner to convince stakeholders. The document outlines the various sections that should be included in a protocol such as introduction, methodology, analysis plan, references and ethics considerations. It stresses that the protocol should indicate how the study will advance scientific knowledge and potentially impact healthcare, policies or further research. The document provides tips for choosing a feasible, novel topic and refining the research question and objectives. It also discusses various study designs, sampling techniques,
This 2 credit hour course aims to teach evidence-based practice to physical therapy students. It will cover defining evidence-based practice, formulating clinical questions, searching and appraising literature, implementing findings, and evaluating outcomes. Students will learn to critically appraise different types of research studies, clinical prediction rules, clinical practice guidelines, and more. Lab activities include literature searches and critical appraisal of diagnostic, prognostic, and intervention studies. Students will be assessed through exams, practical labs, assignments, and a case study to evaluate their understanding of applying evidence-based principles to physical therapy practice.
Evidence based decision making in periodonticsHardi Gandhi
INTRODUCTION TO EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY
EVIDENCE BASED PERIODONTOLOGY
NEED, PRINCIPLES, GOALS AND ADVANTAGES OF EBDM
SKILLS NEEDED FOR EBDM
ASSESING THE EVIDENCE
INCORPORATING INTO THE PRACTICE
Medical research is important for several reasons:
1) It helps discover new facts and develop new techniques to cure diseases, keep people alive longer, and improve quality of life.
2) Research is necessary to find causes of diseases, develop new treatments through clinical trials, and create diagnostic tests for early detection.
3) Many modern medical advances like vaccines, blood pressure medications, and transplant surgery resulted from past medical studies.
En el año 2001, R. Brian Haynes (uno de los líderes naturales del Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group) sintetizó en un modelo piramidal de cuatro estratos los recursos de información en base a su utilidad y propiedades en la toma de decisiones en la atención sanitaria. Esta estructura jerárquica se denominó pirámidea de las “4S” por las iniciales en inglés de los cuatro recursos que la componen: Systems, Synopses, Syntheses y Studies.
El mismo autor añadió, en el año 2006, un estrato más a la pirámide (Summaries), conociéndose, por ello, como la pirámide de las “5S”. Finalmente, en el año 2011 se dividieron las Synopses en dos grupos (Synopses of Studies y Synopses of Syntheses), para conseguir la pirámide final de las “6S”, donde los niveles ascendentes entrañan un menor volumen de información, pero un mayor grado de procesamiento de la misma.
Y es hace tan solo unos meses, en el año 2016 cuando Haynes de nuevo (junto con B.S. Alper) simplifican de nuevo la pirámide y regresan a 5 escalones y que son, de abajo a arriba:
1. Studies
2. Systematic Reviews
3. Systematically Derived Recommendations (Guidelines)
4. Synthesised Summaries for Clinical Reference
5. Systems
The document describes a new 34-week innovation and entrepreneurship program for medical residents and fellows at the University of Michigan. The program aimed to help participants explore new ideas for medical devices, health technologies, and ways to improve healthcare delivery. Isaac Wang, a radiology resident, participated in the program and learned about developing prototypes, intellectual property, funding, and determining commercial viability of new ideas. The program was led by Jonathan Fay from the university's Center for Entrepreneurship and helped participants refine their ideas and prepare to pitch them to potential investors.
This document discusses evidence-based medicine and provides tools for practicing it. It summarizes that there is often a gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice. It then outlines various tools like systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and databases that can help bridge that gap by providing critically appraised evidence. It emphasizes Archie Cochrane's view that randomized controlled trials should be organized and summarized by specialty to help inform practice. Finally, it encourages applying and doing, not just knowing, when it comes to evidence-based medicine.
An introduction to evidence based medicine, Prof. Usama M.Foudaumfrfouda
This document provides an introduction to evidence-based medicine (EBM). It defines EBM as a systematic approach to clinical problem solving that integrates the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. The key steps of EBM are outlined as asking a focused clinical question, acquiring the best evidence to answer that question, appraising the validity and importance of the evidence, and applying the evidence to individual patients. Levels of evidence are also discussed, with the highest levels being systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the basic principles and process of evidence-based medicine.
Translation research aims to bridge the gap between basic science and clinical applications by developing new medical treatments and ensuring they reach patients. It has two parts: T1 translates new knowledge from basic research into clinical tests and applications; T2 translates clinical findings into practice. Successful translation requires multidisciplinary teams with expertise in both basic and clinical research. Challenges include coordinating large research efforts and overcoming barriers to implementing new practices. National research institutions have established translation centers and programs to facilitate collaboration between scientists and speed the delivery of new treatments to improve human health.
This document provides an overview of clinical research. It defines clinical research as research conducted with human subjects in clinical settings to evaluate methods of disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cure. Clinical trials are a subset of clinical studies that evaluate investigational medicines. The purpose of clinical research is to create knowledge to improve health. Key differences between clinical practice and clinical research are described, such as clinical research having a primary goal of gathering generalizable knowledge compared to individualized treatment in clinical practice. Different phases of clinical trials are outlined including objectives and typical number of participants. Challenges of conducting research in real-world clinical settings and the role of clinician-researchers are also discussed.
Translational research aims to bridge the gap between basic science discoveries and clinical applications to improve human health. It involves translating findings from laboratory and preclinical studies into potential new diagnostics and treatments for patients. There are multiple phases of translational research, including T1 which moves basic discoveries into clinical applications, and T2 which provides evidence of a discovery's value in a clinical setting. Effective translation is needed to realize the benefits of increased biomedical research funding and requires tools like biomarkers to facilitate predicting efficacy and safety across species.
This document provides an introduction to research fundamentals for activists. It discusses key concepts like quantitative and qualitative research, research ethics, study designs and interpreting results. The goal is to build activists' research literacy so they can engage in evidence-based advocacy. Some highlights include:
- Community advisory boards can help ensure research addresses community priorities and concerns.
- Quantitative research uses numerical data and closed-ended questions, while qualitative explores beliefs and experiences through open-ended questions. Both have pros and cons depending on the question.
- HIV activists have a long history of using scientific evidence to inform their advocacy agenda and influence research agendas to better address their communities' needs.
- Research ethics principles like respect,
This document discusses evidence-based practice and provides examples of how it is implemented in nursing. It begins by defining evidence-based practice as integrating the best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. It emphasizes using scientific evidence to inform decision-making and eliminate outdated practices. Several examples are then given of evidence-based practices in nursing related to infection control, oxygen use for COPD patients, measuring blood pressure in children, and intravenous catheter size. The document stresses the importance of following evidence-based protocols for patient health and safety.
This document summarizes the goals and programs of the UCLA Clinical & Translational Science Institute (CTSI). The CTSI aims to advance translational research through 10 program areas, including clinical and community research resources, biostatistics, and career development programs. It provides various types of funding, including KL2 and TL1 awards, to support early career researchers and train the next generation of translational scientists. The document highlights recent awardees and accomplishments of the CTSI and its collaboration with other University of California institutions.
The document summarizes evidence from 166 studies across 64 interventions for children with cerebral palsy. It finds that 24% of interventions are proven effective, receiving a 'green light' recommendation. However, 70% have uncertain effects and require ongoing outcome measurement (yellow light). 6% are proven ineffective and should be discontinued (red light). Effective interventions reflect current knowledge in neuroscience and pharmacology, but all only address a single level of the ICF model. The review provides clinicians a comprehensive overview of the state of evidence for cerebral palsy interventions.
A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy state ...MaradelRocioHuertaTe
This systematic review analyzed 166 studies across 64 interventions for children with cerebral palsy. The studies were rated using several evidence scales. Sixteen percent of outcomes were rated as highly effective ("green light"), 58% as probably effective with monitoring ("yellow light"), 20% as possibly ineffective ("yellow light"), and 6% as ineffective ("red light"). Effective interventions included anticonvulsants, bimanual training, botulinum toxin injections, casting, and occupational therapy after botulinum toxin. However, most evidence was lower quality and some interventions were found to be ineffective. The review provides an overview of the current evidence for cerebral palsy interventions to guide clinical decision-making.
Case reports and studies may be defined as the non-experimental description of an individual or a few of cases in terms of new or unusual presentation of the diseases, an unexpected disease course or pathophysiology, and new effects (either beneficial or detrimental) of existing medications or procedures. Although they suffer from the non-experimental nature and other potential bias and errors, case reports and studies have played and will continue to play an important part in the advancement of medicine. They often serve as "primers" leading to discoveries of new diseases/disease pathophysiology as well as development of new preventive and therapeutic measures. Case reports and case studies are also employed as a platform for the training of medical students and/or resident doctors in scientific writing and critical thinking. Although the significance of case reports and studies in medicine has being recognized since the early stage of development of clinical medicine, their value needs to be appreciated in the context of modern clinical research design and the hierarchy of strength of evidence for guiding patient care. This paper discusses case reports and studies within the big picture of clinical research, research design, and evidence-based practice.
9 of 13 I VALUE-DRIVENThe Ali & Science of Evidence-Based .docxsleeperharwell
9 of 13 I VALUE-DRIVEN
The Ali & Science of Evidence-Based Care
RESEARCH BY MATTHEW WEINSTOCK
T
he shift to a value-driven delivery model hinges on a
key element: patients' achieving the best possible out-
comes. The linchpin to that is ensuring that clinicians
regularly follovi best practices and adhere to evidence-
based protocols.
"If this [transformation] is about value and value equals qual-
ity divided by cost, then it makes sense that you look at the evi-
dence," says Joseph Pepe, M.D., CEO of Catholic Medical Center,
Manchester, N.H.
Pepe, who served as CMC's chief medical officer for 12 years
before moving into the chief executive role in 2012, acknowledges
that one of the biggest stumbling blocks to instituting evidence-
based practice more broadly is the fear that it is "cookbook medi-
cine." That's a passé notion, he says. Evidence-based care is not
only about following results from the most recent clinical studies,
but blending that with a patient's values and desires, as well as
relying on a physician's judgment.
"Physicians have gotten a bad rap," says Jean Slutsky, direc-
tor of the Center for Outcomes and Evidence at the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, when talking about the percep-
tion that doctors routinely reject the move toward evidence-based
care. "Physicians are lifelong learners. The very nature of what
they do is about learning."
A 2008 AHRQ handbook on implementing evidence-based
care supports the notion that this is not a completely rigid process.
It defines evidence-based care as "the use of current best evidence
I ABOUTTHISSERIES I
H&HN created this exclusive Fiscal Fitness series with the support of the VHA last year to highlight strategies
hospitals are using to improve quality of care while increasing efficiencies and reining in expenses. In 2013,
the series will focus on organizations that are demonstrating high-value health care
with measurable results. Follow the Fiscal Fitness series in our magazine, in our
e-newsletter H&HN Daily and on our website at www.hhnmag.com/fiscalfitness.
in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health
care decisions." That definition first was popularized by David Sackett,
a Canadian doctor, in a 1996 British Medical Journal editorial. "Good
doctors use both individual clinical expertise and the best available
external evidence, and neither alone is enough," he argued.
For example, Slutsky says, the evidence may suggest that a patient
be put on a certain medication. Best practice may be to prescribe one
pill a day for 10 days. In a shared-decision model, which is also a critical
part of the process, the physician and patient would discuss the best
option available — perhaps it is using a different drug on the formulary
that's more affordable but requires the patient to take the medication
three times a day.
Another factor to consider: "What level of risk for side effects is
the patient wilHng t.
The document summarizes a Sino-American symposium on clinical and translational research held in Beijing, China from June 16-18, 2010. The symposium was co-organized by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, GlobalMD organization, and the US National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. It focused on building collaboration and communication between US and China in clinical and translational research. Over the three days, there were keynote speeches, panels, and sessions on various topics in global health research, infectious diseases, bioethics, and more. The goal was to foster US-China collaboration in research, education, innovation, and improving global healthcare.
EVB-Evidence Based Practice- principles,purposes,valuechristenashantaram
This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.
Welcome Remarks and Overview of CTSI ResourcesUCLA CTSI
Welcome Remarks and Overview of CTSI Resources
Steven Dubinett, MD
Director, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
President/CEO, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Animal Experimentation Successes And Clinical Research...Laura Arrigo
This essay discusses the politics and economics surrounding the FDA's drug approval process. There is pressure on the FDA from Congress, the public, and pharmaceutical companies to speed up approval of new drugs. While faster approval can help patients, it may compromise safety. The FDA must balance these competing interests. The essay provides historical context on the FDA's evolution and expanded authorities over time to regulate an increasing scope of products that impact public health and safety. It also notes the appointment of Jane Heney as the first female FDA commissioner in 1998.
Evidence based practice aims to integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. It involves 5 steps: formulating a question, finding evidence, critically appraising evidence, applying evidence to a patient, and evaluating outcomes. Key resources for finding evidence include pre-appraised sources like UpToDate and filtered databases like PubMed. Models like the Stelter and Iowa models provide guidelines for implementing evidence-based projects. The goal of evidence based practice is to provide the highest quality care based on the best available research.
Using alternative scholarly metrics to showcase the impact of your research: ...SC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: Feb 7, 2018
Speaker: Caroline Muglia, Co-Associate Dean for Collections and Technical Services; and Head, Resource Sharing and Collection Assessment, USC Libraries
Overview: Scholarship is increasingly being created, disseminated, and measured on digital and social platforms. If Twitter exchanges, Facebook “saves,” and YouTube hits are the new metrics for tracking scholarship, how are we measuring societal and educational impact and outreach? How can researchers display their research impact using social media on promotion and tenure dossiers? This webinar will discuss altmetrics, alternative scholarly metrics that measure the impact and use of scholarship. We will focus on PlumX, the tool used at USC, which combines traditional and new metrics to paint a comprehensive portrait of your scholarly output and its reach in various communities and with different stakeholders.
Investigation of barriers to the implementation of clinical trials in paralle...Dr Sarah Markham
This document summarizes barriers to implementing clinical trials in routine patient care settings. It discusses pressures on ward staff time and resources, lack of experience following research protocols, and cultural barriers like skepticism from nurses. It then reviews structures for clinical research in the UK, including the National Institute for Health Research, King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, and regulations governing NHS research.
On Dec. 20th 2016, the HRB published their "Health Research In Action" booklet that detailed a small selection of recent success stories from their research funding portfolio which "...really show health research in action".
The corneal-limbal stem cell research work carried out at NICB (by Finbarr O’Sullivan and Prof. Martin Clynes) and which led to the first corneal-limbal stem cell transplant in Ireland (carried out by Mr. William Power of the RVEEH) on June 7th, 2016 got an honorable mention (Page 17)
Fall 2010 poster for UW-Madison School of Medicine & Public Health Committee on Academic Staff Issues. Update on Games and Simulation for Healthcare portal. With spiffy image collage background :-)
Games & Simulations for Healthcare: Building a Library for Clinicians and Edu...Allan Barclay
Poster detailing efforts to build a library/portal for healthcare games & simulations. Eric Bauman, Allan Barclay, Ulrike Dieterle, Sam P. Seider & Gaura Saini, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Presented at Int'l Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare 2009. Portal is located at http://projects.hsl.wisc.edu/healthcaregames.
Developing an RSS-Based Current Awareness ServiceAllan Barclay
Poster about Ebling Library's creation of RSS tools and services for current awareness. Presented at the Medical Library Association's 2008 Annual Meeting.
Podcasts, Media Sharing & RSS: Rich Media for the MassesAllan Barclay
Part of the Technology Forum at the Midwest Chapter, MLA Annual Meeting 2008. My section covered media sharing (podcasts and video in particular) and some basic concepts or trends.
Widgets and Bundles and Web Apps - Oh My!Allan Barclay
Presentation for librarians at the Midwest Chapter, MLA 2008 annual meeting about the state of current awareness tools and techniques. Yes - a re-working of the Medicine 2.0 presentation, with a little more editorializing about levels of evidence and our profession.
Beyond Newsletters: RSS feeds, Blogs and PodcastsAllan Barclay
The document discusses various tools for marketing and communication in libraries, including blogs, RSS feeds, and podcasts. It provides an overview of what each tool is, how libraries can use it, examples of libraries that currently use it, and things to consider when implementing them. The document encourages libraries to consider using these tools to communicate with patrons and staff, provide notifications about new materials and events, and share content from the library.
Developing an RSS-Based Current Awareness ServiceAllan Barclay
Somewhat misleading title - presentation at the Medicine 2.0 Congress in Montreal, September 2008 about current awareness tools and services developed at the Ebling Library for the Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. RSS is just the beginning...
1. Transla'onal
Research:
Hastening
Research
Results,
Reducing
Research
Fraud,
Protec'ng
Pa'ents
and
the
New
Importance
of
Research
Data
Wisconsin
Health
Science
Librarians
Associa'on
Annual
Mee'ng
–
September
21,
2012
Dorothea
Salo
UW-‐Madison
School
of
Library
&
Informa'on
Science
Allan
Barclay
UW-‐Madison
Ebling
Library
for
the
Health
Sciences
2. Class
Outline
! Introduc'ons
! Background:
What
is
Transla'onal
Research?
! Break
! Save
the
Cows!
! Break
! How
Librarians
Can
Help/Discussion/Q&A
3. Transla'onal
Research
"Transla'onal
research
is
scien'fic
research
that
facilitates
the
transla'on
of
findings
from
basic
science
to
prac'cal
applica'ons
that
enhance
human
health
and
well-‐being.
It
is
prac'ced
in
the
medical,
behavioral,
and
social
sciences.”
Source:
Wikipedia,
accessed
9/19/12
4. Clinical
Research
“Clinical
research
is
a
branch
of
medical
science
that
determines
the
safety
and
effec'veness
of
medica'ons,
devices,
diagnos'c
products
and
treatment
regimens
intended
for
human
use.
These
may
be
used
for
preven'on,
treatment,
diagnosis
or
for
relieving
symptoms
of
a
disease.
Clinical
Research
is
different
than
clinical
prac'ce.
In
clinical
prac'ce,
one
used
established
treatments
while
in
clinical
research
evidence
is
collected
to
establish
a
treatment.”
Source:
Wikipedia,
accessed
9/19/12
5. Clinical
+
Transla'onal
Research
! Basic
research
! Specula've
! Long
term,
big
picture
! Scaershot
or
uncoordinated
! Can
lead
to
major
breakthroughs,
paradigm
shi^s
! Applied
research
! Prac'cal
! Short
term,
here
&
now
impact
! Incremental
! Clinical
+
Transla'onal
=
basic,
applied
+
evalua'on
and
follow-‐up
6. So
Why
Change
Anything?
Houston,
we
have
a
problem
“…need
to
s'mulate
the
development
of
novel
approaches…”
“…reduce
cultural
&
administra've
barriers…”
“…clinical
research
was
increasingly
less
aErac've
to
new
inves'gators…”
“…clinician-‐scien'sts
were
increasingly
moving
away
from
pa'ent-‐oriented
research…”
Source:
"Transla'onal
and
Clinical
Science
-‐
Time
for
a
New
Vision"
-‐
Elias
A.
Zerhouni,
director
NIH;
NEJM,
335.15,
October
13,
2005,
p.
1621-‐1623
7. But
Change
is
Hard!
Houston,
we
really
have
a
problem
here
“…difficul'es
in
the
recruitment
&
reten'on
of
human
subjects
in
clinical
trials…”
“…increasingly
complex
resources
needed
to
conduct
modern
clinical
and
transla'onal
research
are
either
missing
or
scaEered…”
“…their
interac'ons
were
becoming
more
remote
and
difficult…”
Source:
"Transla'onal
and
Clinical
Science
-‐
Time
for
a
New
Vision"
-‐
Elias
A.
Zerhouni,
director
NIH;
NEJM,
335.15,
October
13,
2005,
p.
1621-‐1623
8. OK,
You
Win
–
We’ll
Change
The
3rd
Roadmap
Theme:
Re-‐engineering
the
Clinical
Research
Enterprise
Source:
hp://www.starshipdatalink.net/enterprise/1701-‐refit.html
9. New
Funding
Models
–
the
CTSA
Timeline
! 2003
–
NIH
Roadmap
for
Medical
Research
! 2006
–
CTSA
program
launched
by
NIH
! 2007
–
UW
ICTR
founded,
one
of
12
centers
! 2009
–
Program
expands
to
46
centers
! 2011
–
NCATS
established
to
coordinate
CTSA
awards
! 2012
–
Full
implementa'on
of
60
centers;
Miami
CTSI
just
added
(61)
11. How
are
they
organized?
• Not
the
800
lb
gorilla
–
they
complement,
don’t
compete
with
exis'ng
infrastructure
– UW-‐ICTR
&
Marshfield
Clinic,
United
Community
Center
– WREN
– TEAM
Scholars
program
(cohort
prior
to
KL2
scholars)
– Miami
CTSI
–
funding
from
NCATS
&
Nat’l
Ins'tute
on
Minority
Health
and
Health
Dispari'es
• Each
center
is
unique
–
no
common
structure,
only
common
goals
• Transforma'onal
goals
è
dynamic
structure
12. What
do
they
do?
• Research,
of
course
–
with
specific
targets
– This
year
is
all
about
drug
development
– Novel,
innova've
approaches
– Too
risky,
too
rare
for
private
sector
support
– Exis'ng
local
research
programs
– Exis'ng
popula'ons
• Build,
grow,
strengthen,
standardize
infrastructure
• Educa'on
&
professional
development
13. Types
of
Transla'onal
Research
T1
–
First
phase
of
transla'onal
research,
or
“Bench
to
Bedside,”
moves
a
basic
discovery
into
a
clinical
applica'on
T2
–
“Bedside
to
Prac'ce”
research
provides
evidence
of
the
value
of
taking
the
basic
discovery
in
the
clinical
setng
T3
–
Research
that
moves
the
evidence-‐based
guidelines
developed
in
phase
2
into
health
prac'ce;
“Prac'ce
to
Profession”
T4
–
Research
to
evaluate
the
“real
world”
health
outcomes
of
the
original
T1
development;
“Profession
to
Public”
Adapted
from:
hp://www.michr.umich.edu/about/clinicaltransla'onalresearch
14. Type
1
Example:
Experimental
Mul'ple
Sclerosis
Drug
BG-‐12
! Biogen
Idec
licenses
rights
to
develop
drug
in
2003
! Clinical
trials
are
ini'ated
15. Type
2
Example:
Experimental
Mul'ple
Sclerosis
Drug
BG-‐12
! Clinical
trials
show
promise,
few
side
effects
–
given
Fast
Track
designa'on
by
FDA
! News
media
promote
the
drug
discovery
! Business
media
promote
the
company’s
good
fortune
16. Type
3
Example:
Experimental
Mul'ple
Sclerosis
Drug
BG-‐12
! If
approved
will
likely
be
widely
prescribed
quickly
–
recent
research
shows
current
therapies
are
largely
ineffec've,
leaving
a
void
in
treatment
! Rapid,
widespread
adop'on
combined
with
high
public
profile
&
large
number
of
pa'ents
will
likely
lead
to
its
inclusion
in
clinical
prac'ce
guidelines
! Prac'ce
guidelines
will
lead
to
changes
in
clinical
educa'on
as
well
as
prac'ce
17. Type
4
Example:
Experimental
Mul'ple
Sclerosis
Drug
BG-‐12
! Clinical
prac'ce
guidelines
will
drive
use
in
the
profession,
providing
a
much
wider
basis
for
evalua'on
of
effec'veness
and
results
! Pa'ents
taking
BG-‐12
will
be
recruited
for
follow-‐up
studies
! Impact
“in
the
field”
will
be
assessed
! Based
on
results
new
drug
development
may
occur
to
respond
to
observed
issues
(e.g.
side
effects,
ineffec'veness
in
some
popula'ons)
18. How
is
it
different
from
tradi'onal
medical
research?
! Complete
lifecycle
research
–
T1
è
T4
è
T1
! Emphasis
on
public
health,
health
outcomes
! Emphasis
on
mul'disciplinary
research
! Emphasis
on
health
equity,
underserved
popula'ons
! Fills
in
the
gaps
in
tradi'onal
research
prac'ce
and
infrastructure
! Aempts
to
create
a
transparent
scien'fic
environment
19. A
Structural
Metaphor
-‐
Pace
Layering
“The
fast
parts
learn,
propose,
and
absorb
shocks;
the
slow
parts
remember,
integrate,
and
constrain.
The
fast
parts
get
all
the
aEen'on.
The
slow
parts
have
all
the
power.”
Source:
Brand
S.,
"Ci'es
and
Time",
The
Long
Now
Founda'on
hp://blog.longnow.org/2005/04/11/stewart-‐brand-‐ci'es-‐and-‐'me/
20. Pace
Layering
Elements
! The
lessons
learnt
and
changes
that
occur
at
the
outer
layers,
where
change
happens
the
fastest,
filter
down
to
the
inner
layer
where
change
happens
slowly
! The
differing
rates
of
change
in
each
layer
are
likely
to
cause
fric'on
between
the
layers
! The
different
rates
of
change,
and
resolving
the
resul'ng
fric'on,
are
beneficial
to
the
overall
development
of
complex
systems
Source:
The
Evolving
Web:
A
Pace
Layering
view
of
the
development
of
the
Web
and
the
WC3,
Roger
Hudson,
hp://www.usability.com.au/resources/evolving-‐web.cfm
21. The
Research
Enterprise
-‐
Layers
! Starfleet
! Funding
agencies
! Research
ins'tu'ons
! Researchers
! Publishers
and
other
disseminators
! Professional
socie'es
(prac'ce
guidelines,
accredita'on)
! Clinicians
! The
public
22. Why,
yes,
I
am
a
hopeless
op'mist!
Source:
hp://dollydileante.blogspot.com/2007/10/all-‐about-‐pollyanna.html
25. The
tradi'onal
! Lit
searching
–
general
&
now
for
compliance
issues
! Database
exper'se
! Reference
&
instruc'on
! Current
awareness
services
(RSS,
TOC,
etc.)
26. Scholarly
communica'on
! PMCID,
NIHMSID,
grant
numbers
&
acknowledgment
! Repositories
! Journal
publica'on
selec'on
! Open
Access
issues
27. Altmetrics
! Twier
! Blogs
! Social
literature
tools
-‐
Mendeley,
Papers
! News
sources
28. Clinical
trials
! Clinicaltrials.gov
&
the
usual
suspects
! Local
clinical
trials
–
recrui'ng,
lis'ngs
! Cohort
selec'on
! hp://i2b2.org
-‐
Informa'cs
for
Integra'ng
Biology
and
the
Bedside
! Taxonomy
development
done
by
librarians!
Who
look
like
Lisbeth
Salander!
29. Funding
! Finding
sources
of
funding
! Grants.gov
! Non-‐governmental
sources
(e.g.
founda'ons,
programs)
! Local
sources
(e.g.
healthcare
ins'tu'ons,
CTSA
centers)
! Help
with
grants
(background
research,
data
plans)
30. Informa'cs
! Electronic
medical
records
! Tools
to
help
(semi)
automate
other
tasks
like
publica'on
tracking,
finding
funding,
etc