électrique train

1. ELECTRIC
TRAIN
21/12/2022
ELECTRIC
TRAIN
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2. INTRODUCTION
1
TYPES OF TRAINS
2
MECHANISM OF WORK
3
OVERHEAD CURRENT
SUPPLY SYSTEM
4
ADD A HEADING
5
PLAN
ELETRIC
train
BRAKING SYSTEM
6
CONCLUSION
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3. Introduction
England was the first to use railways for the first time in
1789 ,until the use of trains in all countries were powered by
coal as an energy source . And with scientific and
technological progress , electrical trains began to be used in
the world .
The electrical trains is one of the best used trains in the
world and the most common ,it has a high speed and
depend on the electrical power to run it considered to be
less harmful to the environment and has several uses it can
be used to transport passenger and merchandise .
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4. Types of trains
High-Speed Rail : high-speed rail is built inter city train :
for long-distance travel since it can get the inter city are generally long distance
passengers to their destination quicker. trains that connect metropolitan areas in a country
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5. Light Rail : Light rails are often referred Monorail: railway system which has
to as the modern tram systems but they usually a single track of a beam or rail. Almost
have their own separate paths similar to heavy-line railways. all monorails are designed with linear
They are a mixture of a tram and a train. induction motors .
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6. Maglev : Maglev is a word derived from Automated People Mover(APM)trains
‘magnetic levitation’. It a transport system that uses is a small scale guideway transit system used
Two sets of magnets to push the train of the truck in small areas like airports , theme parks… hd
some APMs are smaller vehicles
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TITRE DE LA PRÉSENTATION
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7. Questions :
 How electric train does works ?
- running over the railway.
- collecting energy.
- stopping.
 What's the advantages and flaws of using the electric trains ?
 Can we replace the electric train with new technology?
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8. 8
Let’s understand all the engineering secrets behind the electric train starting from the
simplest design.

9. 9
The induction motor’s rotor is connected with the wheels to completes the circuit .
The induction motor’s other terminal is grounded .

10. 10
When the current passes trough the induction motor’s rotor spins along with the
wheels
The wheels wile move forward which means the next grounding circuit souled be
available at a very short distance

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Motor require much less voltage to run comparing with the high voltage given by
the over head line for that we need a Transformer .
Stretching three–phase wire to power this motor is not a good idea as it’s highly
uneconomical.

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That’s why a rectifier and inverter is used to convert the the single-phase supply
to the three phase supply.

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We can increase the torque output further if we add a transmission system with
some gear ratio between the motor shaft and the wheels axle .

14. 14
So let’s add more motor wheels pairs to make the engine more powerful.
an engine bogey is constructed with three-phase induction motors
obviously to drive three pairs of wheels .

15. 15
In this complete engine you can see how the Transformer and
Rectifiers are positioned.

16. the overhead current
supply system
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the overhead current supply system
plays an important role in an electric
locomotive the overhead line, is
called the catenary system and the
power, is transmitted down to the
motors via a pantograph of the
locomotive

17. pantograph
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Pantographs are a special devices mounted on electric trains
to collect current from one or several contact wires.

18. The motors need 3 electric wires to work,
which is very expensive, so we used a
special switching system mounted on the
train to solve the problem
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Pantograph making idea
Look at the first
system without
the use of
transformers.
the transformers.
Finlly we get this pattern

19. transfer power to the train using a single hanging wire
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but this method is not practical !!!
wahy
sometimes it is not possible
to keep the distance
between the train and
overhead line the same
which means for proper
power collection used
pantograph

20. MODERN PANTOGRAPH
modern pantograph looks like this you can
see that based on the pressure of a
pneumatic system the pantograph can adjust
its height

21. FEATURES OF THE MODERN
DESIGN OF THE PANTOGRAPH
This model ensures that
the train is connected to
the electric wire, despite
the presence of deviation
in the wire

22. we could apply electrical breaking is a normal induction motor .the rotor
speed is lower than the speed of rmf .however by lowering the supply
frequency we can reverse tis condition
interestingly when rmf speed is lower than the rotor speed the direction of
induced current in the rotor base reverse

23. Interestingly when rmf speed is lower than the rotor speed the direction of induced
current in the rotor bars reverse this makes the induced torque on the rotor in the
opposite direction this is perfect rake a brake without metal to contact during this
phases the motor runs a generating mode

24. Sous-titre
Spring force and compressed air forces are acing on the piston in the
opposite direction the interesting things is when driver releases the air Fran
the cylinder the stretch spring pulls the piston toward the wheel and the
brake gets applied this rake system also provides security in the case of air
leakage or broken compressor

25. The brake gets applied automatically as pressure releases the pneumatic braking
system is felted under every coach for each wheel pair now lets see how the
power is supplied to each of the coaches one way to supply the power supply for
each coach utilities is by self generation

26. An alternator is mounted under the coach frame and driven y carton shaft which
is driven by gearbox mounted on the axle output is rectified and charges a 110
volt dc battery creating a continuous power supply to coaches but this self
generation method is not efficient as it produces very fluctuating output power
so the most common way to supply power to the coaches is head on generation
in this method an extra winding is added in the locomotive transformer wich
supplies the power to all the coaches

27. Electric train one of the Most important modern mean of transport enjoyment of
many advantages such as :
 High speed
 Reserve the environment from pollution due to the non-exit of smoke
^environment freindly^
 Reduce noise as it is less noisy for other train
despite the many advantages of using the electric train ,but there are severaal
flaws ,namely :
 the hight cost of equipement the upper electrical supply system power
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28. THANK YOU FOR
ATTENTION
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