Radiation, Acute Radiation Cerebrovascular Syndrome, Radiation Encephalopathy, symptoms, treatment.

1. Dmitri Popov. PhD, Radiobiology.
MD (Russia)
Advanced Medical Technology and Systems Inc.
Canada.

2. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome
 As a considerable importance is the time, after
irradiation, of occurrence of the primary reaction .
At doses greater than 4.6 Gy , the primary reaction is
developed , as a rule, all the victims in the first hours
of the disease , describing the severity of radiation
injury .

3. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 The minimum range of the absorbed dose , which after
a single irradiation may develop transient response of a
functional nature , and not leading to a permanent
reduction in capacity for work , found 0.25-1 Gy.

4. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 The clinical picture is thus often presented as
moderately severe manifestations of the syndrome of
vegetative dystonia , including the following : general
and local hyperhydrosis , especially the lower limbs
and armpits , acrocyanosis , cold extremities , high
liability of cutaneous vascular reactions.

5. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 Often, autonomic dysfunction quickly grows as
asthenoneurotic symptoms : headaches, dizziness,
insomnia , impaired sleep , anxious superficial sleep ,
anxiety , lethargy , apathy , memory loss , poor mood,
decreased libido and potency , irritability and
irritability , tremor fingers outstretched hand ,
increasing the background of deep reflexes

6. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 However, in many cases with radiation
phenomenological, asthenical reaction, clinical
picture manifests not only as a transitory neurotic
disorders, and preceded by the formation of a
persistent asthenia , generalized psycho-vegetative
disorders , which are based on destruction of
vegetovascular mechanisms.

7. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 There are two main forms of the central nervous
system response to radiation : 1 )Secondary form -
functional or reflex response in the form of non-
specific reactions in the perception of radiation as a
stimulus. The dose range in this case is quite wide,
from very low levels to transposing said physiological
response in response injury of different internal
organs, such as liver;
 2 ) Primary form - direct damage to the tissues of the
nervous system during exposure to high doses of
radiation.

8. Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation
Syndrome.
 Clinical signs of acute radiation encephalopathy
observed in the period of the primary reaction to
irradiation , which is manifested by headache, nausea,
vomiting , dizziness , general weakness, hyperthermia
(up to 39 0 C) , lower blood pressure, tachycardia .

9. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 Radiation- toxic encephalopathy diagnosed in the
form of separate clinical forms :
 - Communicating form of Radiation Toxic
Encephalopathy - is characterized by transient
cerebral effects ( headache, dizziness , general
weakness, physical inactivity , lethargy until the state
of coma ) ;

10. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 In communicating Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy, the
obstruction of CSF flow is in the subarachnoid space from
inflammation and develop meningitis. This causes
thickening of the arachnoid leading to blockage of the
return-flow channels. In some patients, the spaces filled by
CSF are uniformly enlarged with or without an increase in
intercranial pressure. This special forms of communicating
encephalopathy is called normal pressure encephalopathy
(NPRTE), which results from impaired CSF secretion or
abnormal pressure encephalopathy (APRTE), which results
specifically from impaired CSF reabsorption at
the arachnoid granulations. NPRTE's and APRTE clinical
manifestations are gait abnormality, dementia,
and involuntary urination.

11. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 - Hypertensive form of Radiation Toxic
Encephalopathy - manifested increasing headache ,
sometimes with vomiting , meningeal signs ,
hyporeflexia , psychomotor agitation or stupor ;

12. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy with
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is a form
of intracerebral hemorrhage (the other is intraventricular
hemorrhage (IVH)) with bleeding within
brain parenchyma.
 Intraparenchymal hemorrhage It is more likely to result
in death or major disability and therefore constitutes an
immediatemedical emergency.
 Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy with Intracerebral
hemorrhages and accompanying edema usually disrupt or
compress adjacent brain tissue, leading to neurological
dysfunction. Substantial displacement of brain
parenchyma may cause elevation of intracranial
pressure (ICP) and potentially fatal herniation syndromes.

13. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 - Epileptic phase of Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy -
characterized by paroxysms of generalized clonic and
clonic- tonic convulsions with opisthotonos
phenomena ;
 - Psychotic phase of Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy -
expressed disorientation in place and time ,
inappropriate behavior , visual or auditory
hallucinations , sometimes catatonia .

14. Radiation Toxic Encephalopathy.
 http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-topics-in-
ionizing-radiation-research/radiation-toxins-
molecular-mechanisms-of-toxicity-and-radiomimetic-
properties-
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraparenchymal_hemo
rrhage
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus
 http://www.eurolab.ua/diseases/1600/
 http://medlec.org/lek-93165.html