1. The document defines key concepts in tourism including tourists, destinations, and the tourism system as an interacting set of relationships between people, services, and products.
2. It discusses tourism at different scales and elements of the tourism production system including the trip product, destination product, and business product.
3. Destinations are complex with no set definition, and can be understood and packaged differently from experiential and marketing perspectives. A destination requires visitors from outside to exist.
This document discusses the key concepts and components of a tourism destination. It defines a tourism destination as a physical location where tourists spend at least one overnight, and includes attractions, amenities, accessibility, image, and other factors. The main components that make up a destination are attractions such as natural, cultural and built attractions; amenities like accommodation, transportation and other facilities; accessibility via transportation infrastructure; a unique image and branding; well-trained human resources; and competitive pricing. Effective destination management requires considering the interests of both visitors and local communities.
Tourism involves travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes. Key aspects of the tourism industry include transportation, accommodations, attractions, food services, and other tourism-related sectors. Tourism marketing utilizes the 4Ps - product, price, place, and promotion. Products involve both tangible goods and intangible experiences. Promotion communicates with customers through various channels. Placement refers to how information is distributed. Pricing considers costs, demand, competition and commissions. Road transport is an important part of tourism, providing connectivity and flexibility. It faces challenges around infrastructure maintenance.
The perceptual dimensions and urban designKU Leuven
This document discusses the perceptual dimensions of urban design. It begins by defining environmental perception and how people perceive and experience the built environment. It then explores key concepts like place identity, sense of place, and placelessness. Lynch's five elements of environmental images - paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks - are examined. The document also covers place differentiation, place theming, place marketing, and invented places. Environmental meaning and symbolism are discussed as well.
This document discusses tourist destinations, including their concept, evolution, elements, and life cycle. It provides details on the following key points:
1) A tourist destination is a place that has attractions, accessibility, and accommodations that make it appealing for visitors. Destinations evolve over time through tourism development and marketing efforts.
2) The main elements that comprise a tourist destination include attractions, accessibility, amenities, activities, authenticity, ambience, and available packages. Natural and cultural attractions are the core draws.
3) Butler's tourist area life cycle model outlines six stages of development for destinations - exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and decline - as visitor numbers and impacts fluctuate over
Events provide opportunities for individuals and communities to connect and celebrate important milestones. Businesses use events to engage stakeholders through marketing. For communities, events can unite by reinforcing shared identities, but also risk diminishing local culture if overly commercialized. When planned carefully, events have potential to economically develop cities by improving infrastructure and attracting visitors while preserving local character.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
This document discusses the key concepts and components of a tourism destination. It defines a tourism destination as a physical location where tourists spend at least one overnight, and includes attractions, amenities, accessibility, image, and other factors. The main components that make up a destination are attractions such as natural, cultural and built attractions; amenities like accommodation, transportation and other facilities; accessibility via transportation infrastructure; a unique image and branding; well-trained human resources; and competitive pricing. Effective destination management requires considering the interests of both visitors and local communities.
Tourism involves travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes. Key aspects of the tourism industry include transportation, accommodations, attractions, food services, and other tourism-related sectors. Tourism marketing utilizes the 4Ps - product, price, place, and promotion. Products involve both tangible goods and intangible experiences. Promotion communicates with customers through various channels. Placement refers to how information is distributed. Pricing considers costs, demand, competition and commissions. Road transport is an important part of tourism, providing connectivity and flexibility. It faces challenges around infrastructure maintenance.
The perceptual dimensions and urban designKU Leuven
This document discusses the perceptual dimensions of urban design. It begins by defining environmental perception and how people perceive and experience the built environment. It then explores key concepts like place identity, sense of place, and placelessness. Lynch's five elements of environmental images - paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks - are examined. The document also covers place differentiation, place theming, place marketing, and invented places. Environmental meaning and symbolism are discussed as well.
This document discusses tourist destinations, including their concept, evolution, elements, and life cycle. It provides details on the following key points:
1) A tourist destination is a place that has attractions, accessibility, and accommodations that make it appealing for visitors. Destinations evolve over time through tourism development and marketing efforts.
2) The main elements that comprise a tourist destination include attractions, accessibility, amenities, activities, authenticity, ambience, and available packages. Natural and cultural attractions are the core draws.
3) Butler's tourist area life cycle model outlines six stages of development for destinations - exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and decline - as visitor numbers and impacts fluctuate over
Events provide opportunities for individuals and communities to connect and celebrate important milestones. Businesses use events to engage stakeholders through marketing. For communities, events can unite by reinforcing shared identities, but also risk diminishing local culture if overly commercialized. When planned carefully, events have potential to economically develop cities by improving infrastructure and attracting visitors while preserving local character.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a tourist destination, including conducting a destination audit, building partnerships, creating a vision and marketing plan, analyzing strengths/weaknesses and resources, and engaging local communities. The five main components of destination development are identified as destination audit, partnership building, vision, SWOT analysis, and resource/marketing analysis. Successful destination development requires engaging local people, business-focused planning, identifying common objectives, and focusing marketing opportunities.
The document discusses key concepts relating to tourist destinations, including:
- A tourist destination is defined as a physical location that tourists visit and spend at least one night in, and contains attractions, services, and factors that determine it as a destination.
- Primary factors that determine if a location can become a tourist destination include its climate, ecology, and cultural heritage. Secondary factors include its infrastructure and amenities.
- Destination management aims to enhance a location's competitiveness by improving its appeal, marketing, management capabilities, and efficiency in delivering tourist experiences. Research is also important to help destinations adapt to changing market conditions.
- Different types of destinations exist and their competitiveness depends on attracting tourists through their unique
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism, including definitions of tourism and tourists. It discusses different types of tourism users and how to segment tourism markets. Some key points:
1. Tourism is defined as temporary, short-term travel for purposes like leisure, business, health, or visiting friends/family.
2. There are different categories of tourism users, from non-users to potential, actual, occasional, and habitual users.
3. Tourism markets can be segmented based on factors like lifestyles, holidays, purposes of travel, demographics, geography, and socioeconomics.
4. Understanding the behavioral profiles of different user segments is important for effective tourism marketing.
This document discusses destination management and development for tourism in the Southern Gulf Islands. It provides an overview of key issues for "cold water islands" including sustainability, impacts of tourism, and governance challenges. It then discusses developing a competitive advantage through destination management that enhances infrastructure, services, resources and visitor experiences. Specifically, it outlines steps to take such as conducting an inventory of cultural assets, organizing them into a product positioning matrix, defining a destination typology, developing themed cultural routes, and establishing a competitive cluster approach to link complementary services and attractions. The document emphasizes identifying community champions to build support and provide leadership in tourism planning.
Chapter 1 Tourist Destination Development (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various topics related to tourism destination development including inventory of tourist attractions, types of tourism products, phases of tourism product development, challenges in developing new tourism products, tourism master plan guidelines, resort development process, tourism destination area development, and types of tourism destinations. It provides information on cultural, religious, scenic, and entertainment attractions. It also outlines the conceptualization, design, feasibility analysis, commitment, and management phases of resort planning and development.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
Community based tourism is tourism in which local residents (often rural, poor and economically marginalised) invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. The residents earn income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees.
The document provides information about the tourism industry. Some key points:
- Tourism is a large global industry, employing over 200 million people directly or indirectly worldwide.
- In India, tourism contributes 6.23% to GDP and 8.78% of total employment. India sees over 5 million foreign tourists annually along with 562 million domestic visits.
- The document discusses different types of tourists classified by activities, interests, age, income and more. It also outlines the tourism marketing mix including products/services, price, place, promotion and more.
- Strategies for positioning a tourism destination are presented, focusing on differentiating it from competitors based on meaningful attributes for customers.
Lesson 1-Intoduction to Quality Service Management.pptxMylaCambri
The practice of "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes."
Two main elements:
(a) The Dynamic Element Of Tourism movement, which refers to the journey travel to and from a destination; and
(b) Static Element Of Tourism- the overnight stay outside the permanent residence in various destinations
As an Industry: Tourism consists of businesses that sell products or services to these travelers, whom are also known as "tourists.“
Cruise lines
Hotels
Tour guides
Amusement parks
Travel agents
Tourism Product is "a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix and creates an overall visitor experience including emotional aspects for the potential customers.
This document discusses various types of meetings, events, and tourism activities. It covers the following key points:
1. It defines various types of meetings like seminars, workshops, and conferences. It also discusses the history of meetings and how meeting planners play important roles in organizing events.
2. It outlines the responsibilities of meeting planners which include planning logistics, budgets, sites, facilities, travel and on-site execution for various types of meetings.
3. It also discusses other events and activities like trade shows and exhibitions, mega events, end-to-end tours, excursions, outdoor events, and seasonal events. Factors to consider for organizing these types of events are covered.
This document summarizes several key trends influencing the growth of the tourism industry:
1. Greater disposable income, more paid holidays, easier and cheaper travel have expanded people's travel options.
2. Destinations have invested in improved facilities and infrastructure to attract more tourists.
3. An aging population and more leisure time have increased tourism.
4. New types of specialized tourism have emerged, such as disaster, ghost, slum, and war tourism.
5. Technology and social media are changing how tourism is marketed and experienced. Peer-to-peer services and wearable devices will continue shaping the industry.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
2016 DHT1113 Topic 2 travel and tourism industry - PART 1Laura Law
The document discusses the travel and tourism industry in Malaysia. It begins by providing background on Malaysia's population and cultural diversity. It then discusses key components of the travel and tourism industry including accommodation, transportation, food and beverage operations, and retail stores. It also discusses the relationship between hospitality and travel/tourism, with hospitality being part of the larger travel industry. Specifically, it notes hospitality includes accommodation and food/beverage services which aim to provide products/services to travelers. Finally, it discusses different types of travelers including business and pleasure travelers, and how the needs of business travelers differ from pleasure travelers who are more price sensitive.
1. The document discusses key concepts in destination management, including definitions of tourism, destinations, and destination management organizations (DMOs).
2. A destination is defined as a geographical space containing a cluster of tourism resources that provide visitor experiences. Destinations have physical and administrative boundaries and are marketed competitively.
3. DMOs work to promote economic and social benefits of tourism, access government funds, and highlight environmental and sociocultural impacts. Their roles include integrated marketing, disaster response planning, and performance metrics to manage destinations effectively.
This document presents a framework for developing health and well-being tourism destinations. It outlines key factors for destination competitiveness including natural assets, culture, authenticity and quality services. It also describes essential aspects of destination management and development such as strategic planning, brand identity, infrastructure development and responding to trends. The framework is intended as a guide for public-private cooperation to create sustainable and customer-oriented health and well-being destinations.
This document defines tourism and related terms according to the UNWTO. It provides the UNWTO definition of tourism as activities of persons traveling to places outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. It then explains the 5Ws and 1H (what, who, where, when, why, how) of the definition. Finally, it outlines four perspectives on tourism (tourist, businesses, government, host community) and describes the tourism chain from travel agents to local service providers.
6 7 8_merencanakan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakatEko Efendi
Tourism planning has evolved over time from a boosterism approach focused on economic growth to more holistic approaches centered around sustainability and community involvement. Effective tourism planning requires considering the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism using a systems approach that integrates stakeholders. While planning principles aim to maximize benefits and minimize problems, implementation of tourism plans remains challenging due to the complex, long-term nature of sustainable development.
This document provides an overview of a training module on building local strengths and engaging communities in tourism. The module aims to educate participants on the economic and cultural benefits of tourism for host communities. It discusses strategies for developing community-based and rural tourism, including highlighting local heritage, culture, and activities. The roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders like communities, businesses, and government agencies are also outlined.
Visitor attractions in Caribbean Tourism Jody Titus
The document defines visitor attractions as permanent established destinations open to the public without prior booking. Their main purpose is sightseeing for entertainment, interest or education. Attractions must be capable of attracting tourists and residents, and be under single management to evaluate economic factors like revenue and employment. Visitor attractions offer products and experiences at various levels from core to augmented. Key influences on visitor experiences include accessibility, opening hours, on-site amenities, and how the attraction is organized and managed. Effective management strategies involve carrying capacity limits, codes of conduct, and influencing visitor behavior to reduce impacts.
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a tourist destination, including conducting a destination audit, building partnerships, creating a vision and marketing plan, analyzing strengths/weaknesses and resources, and engaging local communities. The five main components of destination development are identified as destination audit, partnership building, vision, SWOT analysis, and resource/marketing analysis. Successful destination development requires engaging local people, business-focused planning, identifying common objectives, and focusing marketing opportunities.
The document discusses key concepts relating to tourist destinations, including:
- A tourist destination is defined as a physical location that tourists visit and spend at least one night in, and contains attractions, services, and factors that determine it as a destination.
- Primary factors that determine if a location can become a tourist destination include its climate, ecology, and cultural heritage. Secondary factors include its infrastructure and amenities.
- Destination management aims to enhance a location's competitiveness by improving its appeal, marketing, management capabilities, and efficiency in delivering tourist experiences. Research is also important to help destinations adapt to changing market conditions.
- Different types of destinations exist and their competitiveness depends on attracting tourists through their unique
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism, including definitions of tourism and tourists. It discusses different types of tourism users and how to segment tourism markets. Some key points:
1. Tourism is defined as temporary, short-term travel for purposes like leisure, business, health, or visiting friends/family.
2. There are different categories of tourism users, from non-users to potential, actual, occasional, and habitual users.
3. Tourism markets can be segmented based on factors like lifestyles, holidays, purposes of travel, demographics, geography, and socioeconomics.
4. Understanding the behavioral profiles of different user segments is important for effective tourism marketing.
This document discusses destination management and development for tourism in the Southern Gulf Islands. It provides an overview of key issues for "cold water islands" including sustainability, impacts of tourism, and governance challenges. It then discusses developing a competitive advantage through destination management that enhances infrastructure, services, resources and visitor experiences. Specifically, it outlines steps to take such as conducting an inventory of cultural assets, organizing them into a product positioning matrix, defining a destination typology, developing themed cultural routes, and establishing a competitive cluster approach to link complementary services and attractions. The document emphasizes identifying community champions to build support and provide leadership in tourism planning.
Chapter 1 Tourist Destination Development (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various topics related to tourism destination development including inventory of tourist attractions, types of tourism products, phases of tourism product development, challenges in developing new tourism products, tourism master plan guidelines, resort development process, tourism destination area development, and types of tourism destinations. It provides information on cultural, religious, scenic, and entertainment attractions. It also outlines the conceptualization, design, feasibility analysis, commitment, and management phases of resort planning and development.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
Community based tourism is tourism in which local residents (often rural, poor and economically marginalised) invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. The residents earn income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees.
The document provides information about the tourism industry. Some key points:
- Tourism is a large global industry, employing over 200 million people directly or indirectly worldwide.
- In India, tourism contributes 6.23% to GDP and 8.78% of total employment. India sees over 5 million foreign tourists annually along with 562 million domestic visits.
- The document discusses different types of tourists classified by activities, interests, age, income and more. It also outlines the tourism marketing mix including products/services, price, place, promotion and more.
- Strategies for positioning a tourism destination are presented, focusing on differentiating it from competitors based on meaningful attributes for customers.
Lesson 1-Intoduction to Quality Service Management.pptxMylaCambri
The practice of "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes."
Two main elements:
(a) The Dynamic Element Of Tourism movement, which refers to the journey travel to and from a destination; and
(b) Static Element Of Tourism- the overnight stay outside the permanent residence in various destinations
As an Industry: Tourism consists of businesses that sell products or services to these travelers, whom are also known as "tourists.“
Cruise lines
Hotels
Tour guides
Amusement parks
Travel agents
Tourism Product is "a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix and creates an overall visitor experience including emotional aspects for the potential customers.
This document discusses various types of meetings, events, and tourism activities. It covers the following key points:
1. It defines various types of meetings like seminars, workshops, and conferences. It also discusses the history of meetings and how meeting planners play important roles in organizing events.
2. It outlines the responsibilities of meeting planners which include planning logistics, budgets, sites, facilities, travel and on-site execution for various types of meetings.
3. It also discusses other events and activities like trade shows and exhibitions, mega events, end-to-end tours, excursions, outdoor events, and seasonal events. Factors to consider for organizing these types of events are covered.
This document summarizes several key trends influencing the growth of the tourism industry:
1. Greater disposable income, more paid holidays, easier and cheaper travel have expanded people's travel options.
2. Destinations have invested in improved facilities and infrastructure to attract more tourists.
3. An aging population and more leisure time have increased tourism.
4. New types of specialized tourism have emerged, such as disaster, ghost, slum, and war tourism.
5. Technology and social media are changing how tourism is marketed and experienced. Peer-to-peer services and wearable devices will continue shaping the industry.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
2016 DHT1113 Topic 2 travel and tourism industry - PART 1Laura Law
The document discusses the travel and tourism industry in Malaysia. It begins by providing background on Malaysia's population and cultural diversity. It then discusses key components of the travel and tourism industry including accommodation, transportation, food and beverage operations, and retail stores. It also discusses the relationship between hospitality and travel/tourism, with hospitality being part of the larger travel industry. Specifically, it notes hospitality includes accommodation and food/beverage services which aim to provide products/services to travelers. Finally, it discusses different types of travelers including business and pleasure travelers, and how the needs of business travelers differ from pleasure travelers who are more price sensitive.
1. The document discusses key concepts in destination management, including definitions of tourism, destinations, and destination management organizations (DMOs).
2. A destination is defined as a geographical space containing a cluster of tourism resources that provide visitor experiences. Destinations have physical and administrative boundaries and are marketed competitively.
3. DMOs work to promote economic and social benefits of tourism, access government funds, and highlight environmental and sociocultural impacts. Their roles include integrated marketing, disaster response planning, and performance metrics to manage destinations effectively.
This document presents a framework for developing health and well-being tourism destinations. It outlines key factors for destination competitiveness including natural assets, culture, authenticity and quality services. It also describes essential aspects of destination management and development such as strategic planning, brand identity, infrastructure development and responding to trends. The framework is intended as a guide for public-private cooperation to create sustainable and customer-oriented health and well-being destinations.
This document defines tourism and related terms according to the UNWTO. It provides the UNWTO definition of tourism as activities of persons traveling to places outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. It then explains the 5Ws and 1H (what, who, where, when, why, how) of the definition. Finally, it outlines four perspectives on tourism (tourist, businesses, government, host community) and describes the tourism chain from travel agents to local service providers.
6 7 8_merencanakan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakatEko Efendi
Tourism planning has evolved over time from a boosterism approach focused on economic growth to more holistic approaches centered around sustainability and community involvement. Effective tourism planning requires considering the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism using a systems approach that integrates stakeholders. While planning principles aim to maximize benefits and minimize problems, implementation of tourism plans remains challenging due to the complex, long-term nature of sustainable development.
This document provides an overview of a training module on building local strengths and engaging communities in tourism. The module aims to educate participants on the economic and cultural benefits of tourism for host communities. It discusses strategies for developing community-based and rural tourism, including highlighting local heritage, culture, and activities. The roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders like communities, businesses, and government agencies are also outlined.
Visitor attractions in Caribbean Tourism Jody Titus
The document defines visitor attractions as permanent established destinations open to the public without prior booking. Their main purpose is sightseeing for entertainment, interest or education. Attractions must be capable of attracting tourists and residents, and be under single management to evaluate economic factors like revenue and employment. Visitor attractions offer products and experiences at various levels from core to augmented. Key influences on visitor experiences include accessibility, opening hours, on-site amenities, and how the attraction is organized and managed. Effective management strategies involve carrying capacity limits, codes of conduct, and influencing visitor behavior to reduce impacts.
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1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
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7. cost of saving
2. Defining Tourism & Tourist
• Core concepts:
• The voluntary movement of people;
• a sector of the economy or an industry; and
• a broad system of interacting relationships of people
(including their need to travel outside their
communities/home environment) [consumption] and
services that attempt to respond to these needs by
supplying products [production] and their associated
effects
5. Main Elements Of Tourism Production At
Different Points Of The Tourism System
6. Key elements of consumer psychology at different
points of the tourism system
7. Multilayered product nature
• The trip product This is the overall trip that a tourism consumer
experiences including all firms, organizations, and service
moments from the initial decision to purchase to the return home.
• The destination product This is the sum of all experiences the
tourist has at the destination as a result of encounters with firms,
people, communities and the destination environment.
• The tourism business product This is the set of experiences
provided by an individual firm or agency over different stages of
the trip.
• The service product These are the various sets of formal and
informal service and other encounters that the consumer
experiences through their trip and at the destination.
8. Trip product
DESTINATION
Can be understood in both an experiential
and a more formal sense
• Experiential sense in what the tourist sees
as the ‘product’ can be significant for
satisfaction
• Formal sense includes package tours and
horizontal and vertical integration of
tourism production.
• Tourism value chain
10. Destination Product
The Destination
• What most people think of when they think of tourism!
• The destination is the amalgam of
a) from a marketing perspective all the products and
attributes that are packaged and promoted to visitors
within an identified destination brand;
b) from an experiential perspective all business, service
encounters and experiences that a tourist has within a
destination. (Note these are different things with
consequent implications for satisfaction and individual
firms)
11.
12. Tourism Business Product
• All encounters with a business over time [time
constitutes an interesting element here]
• Whether at destination or not.
• However, the various elements of the business may
operate relatively independently of each other. From
a consumer perspective it may be possible to
distinguish between the destination and non-
destination elements. These in turn may be broken
up into service products – But many service products
are not under the control of firms or destination
management and marketing bodies.
13. The Destination Concept
• Highly complex – operating at different scales
• Metelka (1990: 46) defined a destination as the
‘geographic location to which a person is
traveling’
• Vukonic (1997) equated the term to that of a
‘resort’
• (1994: 107) saw a destination as being a ‘travel
market area’ and referred to destination zones
that are geographic areas ‘containing a critical
mass of development that satisfies traveller
objectives’ (Gunn 1994: 27).
14. Problematic?
• Destination is by nature a problematic concept. It
refers to a varying range of spatial scales (i.e.
levels of representation) in tourism: continents,
states, provinces, municipalities and other
administrative units, tourist resorts or even single
tourist products. Spatial scales and definitions of
destinations based on administrative or other
such units … tend to approach tourism as a
spatial and geographical phenomenon from a
technical and static viewpoint (Saarinen 2004:
164).
15. Destinations are therefore…
• described at different scales ranging from the country
level to regions, towns or resorts, specific sites and
even specific attractions that are visited by tourists.
• A destination is a spatial or geographical concept
that is primarily defined by visitors from outside the
location, although many places seek to make
themselves destinations for visitors in order to be
able to benefit economically from tourism.
• A destination, by definition, comes to exist by virtue
of the people that visit it. If people from outside a
location do not visit a place it is not a destination.
16. From Places to Destinations
• Three principle meanings of the idea of place
can be distinguished:
– Location
– Locale
– Sense of Place
17. Place as Location
• In locational
terms, a place is a
specific point on
the earth’s
surface.
• You are here!
• Shows
relationality
18. Place as Locale
• Place as a physical setting for people’s daily social
relations, actions and interactions.
• The physical aspects of places are important in
terms of the capacity to manage visitors as well as
providing resources and attractions for tourists.
• Place in this sense not only refers to urban
settings, such as ethnic neighbourhoods and arts
and heritage precincts, but also to various kinds
of ‘scapes’ (views), including landscapes,
servicescapes, streetscapes and experiencescapes
20. Scapes
• Landscapes are a visual idea
and refer to how a portion
of the earth’s surface is
socially constructed and
perceived.
• in most ideas of landscape
it is something the viewer is
outside of whereas place
tends to be something that
one is inside of.
• Important for image and
experiences
22. Servicescapes
• Refers to the physical
facility in which a service is
delivered and in which the
service provider (firm or
other organization) and the
customer interact, and to
any material or tangible
commodities that facilitate
the service (Bitner 1992).
• The idea of servicescapes
was originally primarily
applied to the immediate
physical environment
provided by firms in which
they sought to use design
principles to reinforce
brand as well as provide
positive service encounters.
23. Extension of servicescape concept
• to include the external built environment, concepts of place
experience, and the social environment created in spaces of
consumption - the social-servicescape (Tombs and McColl-
Kennedy 2003).
• The concept of the brandscape, the ‘material and symbolic
environment that consumers build with marketplace products,
images, and messages, that they invest with local meaning, and
whose totemic significance largely shapes the adaptation
consumers make to the modern world’ (Sherry 1998: 112).
• Brandscapes are utilized by transnational leisure and hospitality
companies such as Disney, Starbuck, Hyatt and Marriot to
provide a symbolic retail space that is familiar and comfortable
for consumers no matter where they are in the world, and
which also enables them to physically inhabit and experience
brandspace (Thompson & Arsel 2004). Thereby, experiencing
what Guliz and Belk (1996) refer to as a consumptionscape.
25. Experiencescapes
• landscapes of deliberately produced experience.
• They are physical spaces of market production and
consumption in which experiences are staged and
consumed and are, in effect, in effect, stylized landscapes
that are strategically planned and designed with market
imperatives as the key design goal.
• experiencescapes ‘are not only organized by producers
(from place marketers and city planners to local private
enterprises) but are also actively sought after by
consumers. They are spaces of pleasure, enjoyment and
entertainment…’ (O’Dell 2005: 16).
• Can connect different firms and businesses – and are often
part of urban redevelopment and regeneration schemes.
26. Ethnic districts
• Many previously existing distinct
communities may become
transformed into packaged
experiencescapes as a result of
destination development and
promotion processes.
• The thematic development of
parts of a city for tourism and
leisure purposes is an extremely
common urban tourism strategy.
• Many cities, for example, have
Chinatowns or other ethnic
districts such as a ‘Little Italy’ or
‘Little India’ even though the
social, political and economic
processes that originally led to
the creation of such ethnically
distinct locations have long past.
27. Sense of place
• Refers to the subjective, personal and emotional
attachments and relationships people have to a
place.
• The notion of sense of place is usually applied in the
context of people who live in a location on a
permanent basis and reflects how they feel about
the physical and social dimensions of their
community.
• People might only consciously notice the unique
qualities of their place when they are away from it,
when it is being rapidly altered, or when it is being
represented or marketed and promoted in a way
they do not relate to.
• People can have multiple senses of place
28.
29. Christchurch
Anglican
Cathedral
The demolition of the
severely damaged
Christchurch cathedral
which is in the city’s
central square has
been immensely
divisive. The Anglican
church has decided to
demolish the
cathedral while
experts maintain that
the iconic structure
could be rebuilt.
The building is one of
the key landscape
icons for the city and
has long been central
to the city’s identity
and imaging.
• over 60,000 people
took the opportunity
to ‘farewell’ the
cathedral over two
weekends in March
2012
30. The Resource Base of Tourism
• A tourist resource is that component of the
environment (physical or social) which either
attracts the tourist and/or provides the
infrastructure necessary for the tourist
experience (Hall 2007: 34).
• Tourism resources can be categorized as scarce
(e.g. capital, labour, land) or free (e.g. climate,
culture).
• Yet resources are an entirely subjective, relative
and functional concept.
31. Context
• What constitutes a tourism resource
depends on the motivations, desires
and interests of the consumer, and
the cultural, economic and
technological context.
• ‘resources are not, they become;
they are not static but expand and
contract in response to human
wants and human actions’
(Zimmermann 1951: 15).
• A tourism resource therefore
becomes a resource only if it is seen
as having utility value, and different
cultures and nationalities can have
different perceptions of the tourism
value of the same object.
• What may be a resource in one
culture may be ‘neutral stuff’ in
another - what may be a tourist
attraction in one culture or location
may not be recognized as an
attraction in another.
32. Tourism resources are dynamic
• New technologies or cultural appraisals can lead to the
recognition of new tourism resources. E.g., the
development of new recreational technologies such as
mountain bikes or sailboards meant that the tourism
capacities of existing natural resources were considerably
expanded and allowed some resort locations to overcome
seasonal limitations (natural tourism resources are often
seasonal in nature) – although this can also create conflicts
between users.
• Some destinations (e.g., beach, mountain, skiing, hunting,
or fishing destinations) are especially seasonal because of
either the nature of the main resource used by visitors or
the environment in which the resource is located
• As consumer preferences change, so does the perceived
utility of particular tourism resources.
33. Beach swimming
• Relatively recent leisure development
• Often highly clothed and highly segregated
• only became legal to swim during the day at Manly
Beach, now one of Sydney’s main tourist attractions,
in 1903
– I think promiscuous surf-bathing is offensive in general to
propriety, and a particular feature of that offensiveness is
the attraction it has for idle onlookers...There is no border-
line between vice and virtue. Our worst passions are but
the abuse of our good ones. And I believe that the
promiscuous intermingling of sexes in surf-bathing makes
for the deterioration of our standard of morality...Woe
betide Australia if she is going to encourage immodesty in
her women (Archbishop Kelly, The Sun, Sydney, 14 August
1911).
36. Suntan
• 1920s change – related to
issues of status and health
• In the northern summer of
1929 Vogue featured models
with a sun tan for the first
time as the models and the
film stars of the then new
Hollywood film industry had
been holidaying in the South
of France (Coco Chanel).
• Art deco movement – large
windowed houses
• Shift in destinations and
activities (and clothing!)
• Significance of fashion
37. Landscape preferences
• Until the late 18th and early 19th C, mountains or wild rural landscapes
were seen in Western culture as being not worthy of places to visit
• Ideal landscape was regarded as being urban areas or well managed and
highly designed gardens.
• With the arrival of the Romantic movement in art, literature and design
in the late Eighteenth Century, and the consequent reaction to the
rapidly industrializing towns, all began to change.
– Painting started to feature wild seas and mountain ranges often shrouded in
mist.
– Poets, such as Wordsworth and Coleridge, also started to write of waterfalls,
lakes and hill country.
• Influence on the popular taste of the upper-class and the emerging and
increasingly literate middle classes.
• Implications for leisure travel in the 19th C. were staggering. wild and
alpine areas suddenly became desirable landscapes to visit – implications
as well for national parks, wilderness and appreciation of nature – cult of
the picturesque
40. Implications
• Different cultures will have different
understandings of what is a tourism resource and
therefore what constitutes a tourist attraction.
• We must recognize that even within cultures,
changes occur and therefore perceptions of
resources will also change.
• Perceptions of resources change as a result in
shifts in cultural taste.
• Role of media – in the broadest sense – is vital
41. Resources and destination attraction
1 Resources in the form of physical and cultural
attractions to encourage people to visit.
2 Resources in the form of facilities and services,
including human resources, that enable tourists to
stay at the destination.
3 Resources in the form of infrastructure and services
that makes the destination accessible as well as the
various attractions, facilities and services within the
destinations accessible.
4 Information provision so that the consumer actually
knows about the destination and its resource. -
information is also a tourism resource and a
gateway resource, in that it creates awareness of
the other types of resources that a destination has.
42. Tourism
generating region
Tourism
Destination
Region
- Emissions / use of energy
+ Conservation of some
species
+ Justification for reserves and
national parks, some heritage
- Transfer of biota & disease
- Loss of habitat in high
amenity locations (coast, lake,
alpine)
- Habitat occupied by transport
and tourism infrastructure
- Competition for water, food &
other resources
Tourism’s role in GEC
- Transfer of
biota
- Transfer of
disease
- Habitat
occupied by
transport and
tourism
infrastructure
- Transfer of
biota
- Transfer of
disease
- Habitat
occupied by
transport and
tourism
infrastructure
-pollution
Transit Route
43. Change matrix of consequences of tourism. Shading indicates relative change
as a consequence of the consumption and production of tourism. The darker
the shading the more apparent the consequences. Note this focuses on
perceptions.