TOPIK 1 Network Cable Technology.pdf

1.0 NETWORK
CABLE
TECHNOLOGY
Upon completion of this topic, students should be able to:
Experiment with technologies for transmission of information
being delivered in computer network. (C3, PLO 2)

1.1
Identify types and
characteristics of
twisted pair cable
3
1.1.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP) CABLE

4
o a special kind of copper telephone and local area
network (LAN) wiring used in some business
installations.
o outer covering or shield that functions as a ground to
ordinary twisted pair wiring.
o two insulated copper wires are twisted around each
other and each signal on twisted pair requires both
wires.
o shielded twisted pair also encloses these wires in a
shield and grounds them to further reduce
electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.
o STP cables are more expensive and harder to install
than UTP wiring.

Shielded
twisted
pairs cable
categories
5

Cable
Bandwidth
VS Cable
Data Rate
◦ Bandwidth for cables
◦ refers to the range of frequencies used for the transfer of
information through data cables. The broader the
bandwidth the more data that can be carried. Bandwidth in
cables is applicable to data cables, looking at radio and
audio frequencies and how much data can be transferred
at any one time.
◦ Speed (Data Rate):
◦ the speed of a cable refers to the amount of data it can
transmit per second. 100 Mbps means the cable can
transmit 100 million bits of data a second. In a commercial
network, speed is usually dictated by the equipment you
are connecting (for example, a network switch with Gigabit
Ethernet ports).
6

Shielded
twisted
pairs cable
categories
7
◦ Category 1 — Used for telephone communications and modem lines. Not suitable for
transmitting data.
◦ Category 2 — Used in older terminal systems. Capable of transmitting data at speeds
up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).
◦ Category 3 — Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10
Mbps.
◦ Category 4 — Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16
Mbps.
◦ Category 5 — Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.
◦ Category 5e — Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per
second [Gbps]).
◦ Category 6 — Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire
Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for
UTP.
◦ Category 6e — CAT6 has four tightly wounded twisted pairs, and it is mostly used in
Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks. I can support 1 Gbps for up to 100
meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters.
◦ Category 7 — CAT7 contains 4 individually shielded pair plus an extra cable shield to
provide the protection the signals from crosstalk and electromagnetic interference,
and it can support 10Gbps at lengths of up to 100 meters.

STP
Advantages
VS
Disadvantages
◦ Advantages
◦ Easier to terminate with modular connector
◦ Provide the best electrical characteristics compare to
unshielded cables
◦ Decrease the probability of crosstalk as well as offering
better protection from interference.
◦ Disadvantages
◦ Having higher attenuation rate
◦ Not good flexible because it is very much thicker
◦ Not easier to maintain
◦ More costly to UTP
◦ Difficult to installation
◦ It can enhance overall diameter and weight of cable as well.
◦ It must be grounded otherwise STP can acts as antenna
and picks up unwanted signals.
◦ Its cost can be increased as per foot of wire length. 8

Shielded
twisted
pairs
summary
9
◦ Speed and throughput — 10 to 100 Mbps
◦ Average cost per node — Moderately
expensive
◦ Media and connector size — Medium to
large
◦ Maximum cable length — 100 m (short)
◦ 10/100/1000 Base-T — an Ethernet
connection method using twisted pair
cables and operating at 10, 100, or 1000
Mbps.

1.1
Identify types and
characteristics of
twisted pair cable
10
1.1.2 SPECIFICATIONS OF UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE

11
o a special kind of copper telephone and local area
network (LAN) wiring used in some business
installations.
o unshielded in UTP refers to the lack of metallic
shielding around the copper wires.
o does not contain any other extra shielding such as
meshes or aluminum foil, which are appended in bulk,
are used.
o It has no any metallic shield, and helps to make small
in diameter, so easy to installation but does not
provide better protection appose to electrical
interference, EMI and RFI effects.
o has four pair of color-coded copper wires together
and they are covered with flexible plastic sheath.

Unshielded
twisted
pairs cable
categories
12

Unshielded
twisted
pairs cable
categories
13
◦ Category 1 — Used for telephone communications and modem lines. Not suitable for
transmitting data.
◦ Category 2 — Used in older terminal systems. Capable of transmitting data at speeds
up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).
◦ Category 3 — Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10
Mbps.
◦ Category 4 — Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16
Mbps.
◦ Category 5 — Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.
◦ Category 5e — Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per
second [Gbps]).
◦ Category 6 — Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire
Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for
UTP.
◦ Category 6e — CAT6 has four tightly wounded twisted pairs, and it is mostly used in
Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks. I can support 1 Gbps for up to 100
meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters.
◦ Category 7 — CAT7 contains 4 individually shielded pair plus an extra cable shield to
provide the protection the signals from crosstalk and electromagnetic interference,
and it can support 10Gbps at lengths of up to 100 meters.

UTP
Advantages
VS
Disadvantages
◦ Advantages
◦ It has great flexibility that helps to make easier to
installation and handling.
◦ Affordable price than other networking cables
◦ It takes less space, due to small size so it doesn’t need fill up
wiring ducts.
◦ It is mostly used for networking architecture.
◦ UTP cable is introduced to encounter to EMI, RFI and
crosstalk.
◦ In UTP cable, doesn’t need grounding.
14

UTP
Advantages
VS
Disadvantages
◦ Disadvantages
◦ UTP is limited to bandwidth.
◦ It is not able to provide better protection in transmission of
data.
◦ UTP is capable only to cable segment length about 100
meters only.
◦ It gets susceptible to noise and highly prone to external
interference such as EMI and RFI.
◦ UTP gets more susceptible to interference than other kinds
of cables.
◦ UTP cable contains the signal boosts in shorter compared
to other cables like as coaxial cable and fiber optic cables
and shielded twisted pair cable.
15

Unshielded
twisted
pairs
summary
16
◦ Speed and throughput — 10 to 1000 Mbps
◦ Average cost per node — Least expensive
◦ Media and connector size — Small
◦ Maximum cable length — 100 m (short)
◦ 10/100/1000 Base-T — an Ethernet
connection method using twisted pair
cables and operating at 10, 100, or 1000
Mbps.

STP
VS
UTP
19
STP UTP
Available in three configurations:
– Every pair of wire is separately
shielded with foil
– All wires having a braid shield inside
the wire jacket
– Each individual pair having a shield,
besides having another around the
whole group of wires
Lack of metallic shielding around
the copper wires. the twisted-
pair design helps minimize
electronic interference by
providing balanced signal
transmission, making a physical
shield unnecessary.
Useful in extending maximum distance
of cables.
Generally used in short lengths
such as inside a building, or
within a server room.
The wires are enclosed in a shield that
functions as a grounding mechanism so
it can provide a greater protection from
electromagnetic interference and radio
frequency interference, allowing it to
carry data at a faster rate of speed.
is susceptible to radio and
electrical frequency interference.
Often used in high end applications that
require high bandwidth and outdoor
environments.
Often used in home, office and
large-scale businesses.

TWISTED
PAIRCABLE
WIRING
STANDARDS
20
1.1.3 UTP AND STP WIRING STANDARDS USED IN FIELDS
o T568A and T568B are the wiring standards that
define the pinout (connection order) for
terminating twisted-pair network cable in eight-
pin modular connector plugs and jacks.
o These wiring standards are one part of the TIA/EIA-
568 telecommunications cabling standards.
o Both standards specify the wiring schemes for the
connection of twisted-pair copper cable into eight-
position RJ45 connectors and jacks for data
transmission.
o the T568B wiring standard is more commonly used
for telecommunication installations.
o the T568A assignments are frequently seen in
residential applications.
o This difference is easily seen with pin positioning.
The green and orange pairs (2 and 3) are switched.

T568A
VS
T568B
21
1.1.3 UTP AND STP WIRING STANDARDS USED IN FIELDS

TOPIK 1 Network Cable Technology.pdf

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