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TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE.pptx
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- 2. LEARNING OUTCOME FORENSIC SCIENCE 2 INTRODUCTION HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDOF FORENSIC SCIENCE OBJECTIVE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
- 3. INTRODUCTION FORENSIC SCIENCE 3 Forensic science isthe use of scientific methods or expertise to investigate crimes or examine evidence that might be presented in a court of law. Forensic Science, often known as CRIMINALISTICS, uses application of knowledge, principles and techniques of sciences to the matter of law/justice. It involves finding, gathering and analyzing the evidences found at the crime scene. It is rather better known as APPLIED SCIENCE, , a discipline that uses the existing scientific knowledge to develop more practical applications.
- 4. “OBSERVATION, REASON AND EXPERIMENT MAKEUP WHAT WE CALL THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.” RICHARD P. FEYNMAN FORENSIC SCIENCE 4
- 5. FEW POPULAR CASES FORENSIC SCEINCE 5 MARIELAFARGE CASE ARSENIC POISONING FRANCISCA ROJAS CASE BLOODY FINGERPRINT NAINA SAHNI CASE (TANDOOR MURDER) DNA IDENTIFICATION
- 6. NATURE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FORENSIC SCIENCE AP P L I E D S C I E N C E Use principles of existing scientific knowledge M U L T I D I S C I P L I N A R Y Combines more than one discipline of science/arts M U L T I D I M E N S I O N A L Examines evidences from various angles N O A B S O L U T E A U T H O R I T A T I V E S O L U T I O N Relies on interpretation and analysis of evidence, which is subject to human error O B J E C T I V E I N F O R M A T I O N Relies on empirical evidence, scientific methods and standardized procedures 6
- 7. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT FORENSIC SCIENCE 7 SCIENTISTS FROMOTHER COUNTRIES Mathieu Orfila- Father of Toxicology Alphonse Bertillon- Father of Anthropometry Francis Galton- Father of Fingerprints Dr. Leone Lattes- Italian Serologist Calvin Goddard- Father of Forensic Ballistics Albert S. Osborn- Father of Questioned Documents Hans Gross- Founding Father of Criminal Profiling Edmond Locard- Sherlock Holmes of France DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA PRE-INDEPENDENCE HISTORY POST-INDEPENDENCE HISTORY
- 8. TIMELINE (PRE-INDEPENDENCE) FORENSIC SCIENCE 8 1849 First Chemical Examiner’sLaboratory, Madras. similar laboratories were set up at Calcutta (1853), followed by one each at Agra (1864) and Bombay (1870) 1892 Anthropometric Bureau, for maintaining anthropornetric records of criminal at Calcutta 1897 First fingerprint bureau in the world was officially declared open at Calcutta in July 1897 1898 Foundation of Department of Explosives was laid when the first chief inspector of explosives was appointed in the year 1898 at Nagpur 1930 An Arms Expert was appointed and a small ballistic laboratory was set up under the Calcutta Police to deal with the examination of firearms
- 9. TIMELINE (POST- INDEPENDENCE) FORENSIC SCIENCE 9 1952 The firststate forensic science laboratory in India was established at Calcutta 1955 The CFPB restarted functioning from 1955 in Delhi, earlier established in 1905 at Shimla 1957 The first Central Forensic Science Laboratory was established at Calcutta. In year 1965, the second CFSL at Hyderabad 1964 The Central Detective Training School, Hyderabad was established in 1964, on the pattern of the CDTS, Calcutta, followed by one at Chandigarh, during 1973 1971 Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (ICFS) was established in Delhi during 1971. The post of Chief Forensic Scientist sanctioned during 1983.
- 10. NEED OF FORENSIC FORENSIC SCIENCE 1 0 LEGAL A ND J USTICE A CCOUNTABILITY EVIDENCE AUTHENTICATION CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION SUPPORTING INVESTIGATIONS P REVENTION A ND DE TERRENCE O F CRIMES DETERRENCE FACTOR CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABILITIES S CIENTIFIC A DV ANCEMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- 11. OBJECTIVE OF FORENSIC FORENSIC SCIENCE 1 1 Hasthe crime been committed or not? How and when was the crime committed? Who has committed the crime? How has it been committed? To establish link the scene of crime, victim and suspect. To recognize whether the scene of crime is real or fake? To underlay the sequence of events. To discern a culprit from a large group of suspects. To bring the culprit to the justice and exonerate innocent.
- 12. SUMMARY FORENSIC SCIENCE 1 2 Forensic scienceis growing rapidly and so is the rate of crimes in our society and for this reason, all the investigative agencies are looking towards it because of its expertise in solving a crime scientifically which could not be made possible otherwise. By the help of forensic science, we can punish the suspect and exclude the innocent.
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