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- 1. © 2020 Gartner,Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without Gartner's prior written permission. It consists of the opinions of Gartner's research organization, which should not be construed as statements of fact. While the information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. Although Gartner research may address legal and financial issues, Gartner does not provide legal or investment advice and its research should not be construed or used as such. Your access and use of this publication are governed by Gartner’s Usage Policy. Gartner prides itself on its reputation for independence and objectivity. Its research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from any third party. For further information, see "Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity." Anne Thomas Top Trends in Application Architecture That Enable Your Digital Business Transformation Gartner Application Architecture, Development & Integration Summit 2 – 3 March 2020 / Mumbai, India
- 2. 2 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Sources of Company Value Have Shifted to … The Experience Economy Source: B.J. Pine and J. H. Gilmore. “The Experience Economy.” Harvard Business Press. 2011. The Progression of Economic Value Competitive Position Differentiated Undifferentiated Market Premium Pricing Deliver Experiences Provide Services Make Goods Extract Commodities
- 3. 3 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Leveraging Ecosystems What Is the Future “Experience” of Applications? Multiexperience Embedded Intelligence Context Aware Continuous Improvement Optimized for Role/ Customer/Task Free-flow of Information
- 4. 4 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. What Is the Future “Experience” of Applications? Leveraging Ecosystems Multiexperience Embedded Intelligence Context Aware Continuous Improvement Optimized for Role/ Customer/Task Free-flow of Information This Future “Experience” Requires Modern Application Architecture
- 5. 5 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Architecture Trends for Digital Transformation MASA API Platform Event Processing
- 6. 6 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Architecture Trends for Digital Transformation MASA API Platform Event Processing
- 7. 7 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Outer APIs Inner APIs Multigrained Services Service Service Service DB Service Service Mediation API Mediation Layer Multiexperience Service Service DB DB Mesh App and Service Architecture Fit-for-purpose apps Multiple personas Multiple modalities Monitoring Security Traffic management Transformations Micro, Mini, Macro Services New and Legacy Systems On-Prem. and Cloud-Based Purchased and Homegrown Self-Managed and Third-Party
- 8. 8 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Multigrained Services DXP iBPMS xPaaS AI Services MXDP API Mediation Mobile Apps, PWAs, AR/VR Web, Chatbots Web, Voice AR/VR, Voice Voice CRM ERP SCM Marketing Commerce Multiexperience: Fit-for-Purpose Experiences for Multiple Personas
- 9. 9 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Multigrained Services DXP iBPMS xPaaS AI Services MXDP API Mediation Mobile Apps, PWAs, AR/VR Web, Chatbots Web, Voice AR/VR, Voice Voice Type Touch Chat Gestures Voice CRM ERP SCM Marketing Commerce And Multiple Modalities
- 10. 10 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Inner APIs Service Service Service Service Service Shared back-end services API Mediation Layer Outer APIs Distinct apps for different personas and modalities Back-end for frontend (BFF) APIs support distinct experiences Service BFF API (Call Center) Call Center Web App Field Service Progressive Web App BFF API (Field Service) BFF API (Customer) Customer Mobile App Customer Progressive Web App Manager Mobile App BFF API (Manager) Manager Web App Add new experiences as needed Multiexperience Development Model API API API API API API BFF API (Immersive) Field Service Immersive App
- 11. 11 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. API Mediation Layer Outer APIs Inner API Mediation Layer • Monitoring • Security • Traffic Management • Transformations Service Service Multiexperience Consumers Multigrained Services Mediation Ensures Agility, Security and Resiliency
- 12. 12 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. App BFF API JavaScript Microservice C# Miniservice Java Microservice Python Microservice API Mediation Layer App BFF API JavaScript Microservice API SaaS Service Partner Service JavaScript Function Multigrained Services • Macro/Mini/Micro/Functions • New/Old • On-Prem./Cloud • Internal/External/Ecosystems Multigrained Polyglot Back-End Services API API Macroservice Within Java EE Legacy Application API API API API API
- 13. 13 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. API Mediation Must Be Pervasive BFF API (Customer) BFF API (Call Center) BFF API (Immersive) Customer Progressive Web App Service Service Service Manager Web App Call Center Web App Field Service Progressive Web App Field Service Immersive App Manager Mobile App Customer Mobile App Service Service BFF API (Manager) BFF API (Field Service) API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation API Mediation Service API Mediation
- 14. 14 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Spectrum of Service Granularity Microservice Fine-grained (feature) Independently deployable Owns its data Private API Coarse-grained (domain) Independently deployable May share data May publish its API Large-grained (capability) Monolithic deployments Shares data Publishes its API Continuous Delivery Improve Agility Enable Access Granularity Primary Goal Principles and Constraints Service Implementation Model Miniservice Macroservice Service API Service API Service API API implemented by many independently deployable microservices API implemented by a few independently deployable miniservices API encapsulates and provides access to functionality within a monolithic application Monolithic Application Outer APIs Inner APIs API Mediator API Mediator API Mediator
- 15. 15 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Architecture Trends for Digital Transformation MASA API Platform Event Processing
- 16. 16 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. APIs Enable Everything: • MASA • Multiexperience • Ecosystems • Integration • Intelligence API
- 17. 17 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. 88% 68% 52% 46% 87% 57% 44% 32% 0% 50% 100% Internal APIs Private APIs to Connect With Other Businesses in Your Network or Support Chain APIs Provided by Third Parties Public/Externally Exposed APIs – Your Organization Exposes Public APIs for Others to Use 2019 2018 API Usage Is Increasing 2019 Base: n = 112, 2018 Base: n = 129 Gartner Research Circle Members Q: Does your organization currently use/plan to use .. Select all that apply. Source: Gartner Use of API Types Percentage of Respondents
- 18. 18 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. APIs Require a Platform Model Mindset • What APIs do we have? • What APIs do our consumers need? • Do our APIs provide access to our business capabilities? • How do consumers find APIs? • How do we facilitate API usage? • How do we manage API usage?
- 19. 19 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. API Taxonomy Dimension Options Management • Managed (traffic routed through a management proxy) • Unmanaged/Shadow APIs Sharing • Published (intended to be shared) • Unpublished (used within a specific domain) Constituency • Internal use only • Private ecosystem (partners, customers) • Public Sourcing • Internal (micro, mini, macro) • Third party (SaaS, ecosystems, partners)
- 20. 20 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Create Services to Extend Legacy Systems Core/Legacy Systems CRM ERP SCM Marketing Commerce Middle Platform Data Aggregate Data Services AI/ML Analytics New Digital Capabilities Integration Services New Digital Capabilities Integration Services New Digital Capabilities Integration Services API API API API API API
- 21. 21 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Treat Published APIs as Products Developers API Product Manager Developers API Consumers • Create solutions using APIs Optimize developer experience Manage the API roadmap Prepare for API monetization Articulate the business value of APIs API Producers • Create APIs • Build and run the services that deliver APIs
- 22. 22 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Build an API Platform API Marketplace API Management API Gateways Developer Portal Admin Portal API Mediation Internal Consumers Internal APIs Third-Party APIs External Consumers
- 23. 23 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Architecture Trends for Digital Transformation MASA API Platform Event Processing
- 24. 24 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Four Popular Event Processing Architectures Event Capture and Brokering Simple Notification Pub/Sub Event-Driven Architecture Stream Analytics and Machine Learning + Event Sourcing
- 25. 25 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Time Is Money Historical Reactive Actionable Predictive/Preventive Data Value Traditional “Batch” Business Intelligence Time-Critical Decisions Time Real Time Secs Mins Hours Days Months Time Value of Data
- 26. 26 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. How Much Latency Can You Afford? > Hard Real Time < 1 microsec Financial Trading < 10s microsec Fraud Detection < 1 millisec Edge Computing < 10s millisec Dashboard Inferencing < 100s millisec Operational Insights seconds Stream Processing Spectrum
- 27. 27 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Event Producers Applications Sensors File systems Messages CDC Clickstream Collector Broker Analytics Storage Visualization Ingest and Integrate Enrich, Filter, Transform, Aggregate Index, Search, Reporting Stream Processing Architectural Components
- 28. 28 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Stream Analytics Application Styles
- 29. 29 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Event Sourcing and EDA Flip Your Perspective Event-Driven State Svc App The source of truth is the data store. First priority: Preserve data Events Events Svc App Data The source of truth is the log of events. First priority: React to events
- 30. 30 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Request-Driven vs. Event-Driven Architecture Orchestration Svc 1 Svc 4 Svc 2 Svc 3 Invoke Process Invoke Svc 1 Invoke Svc 2 Invoke Svc 3 Invoke Svc 4 Composite Service Svc 1 Invoke Process Choreography Event Broker Event 1 Pub Event 2 Pub Svc 3 Sub Event 3 Pub Svc 2 Sub Svc 4 Sub Svc 5 Sub Svc 6 Sub
- 31. 31 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Inherently Supports Many-to-Many Communications Event-Driven Architecture Model Event Sources Event Consumers Event Broker
- 32. 32 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Recommendations
- 33. 33 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Think MASA, APIs and Events • Agile architecture • Multiexperience • Multigrained services MASA • API marketplace • APIs as products • API mediation API Platform • Real-time decisions • Stream analytics • Decoupled systems Event Processing
- 34. 34 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. Recommendations Appoint the right leader to build architectural competency in your organization Develop a roadmap to transform your IT estate to support digital transformation Use capability modeling to prioritize efforts Adopt a continuous modernization approach Assess your application portfolio for business and technical fitness Prioritize efforts to rearchitect critical IT systems to MASA Build essential internal APIs to support integration and legacy extension Govern your API portfolio by building an API platform Adopt event processing with discretion where it delivers value
- 35. 35 © 2020Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and its affiliates. For information, please contact your Gartner representative. Recommended Gartner Research Adopt a Mesh App and Service Architecture to Power Your Digital Business Anne Thomas and Aashish Gupta (G00392875) Not Just Microservices: Choose the Right Service Granularity for Your Applications Aashish Gupta, Anne Thomas and Mark O’Neill (G00386955) Mediated APIs: An Essential Application Architecture for Digital Business Aashish Gupta, Anne Thomas and Mark O’Neill (G00351557) API Mediation Is the Key to Your Multiexperience Strategy Mark O’Neill, Jason Wong, Elizabeth Golluscio and Marty Resnick (G00353820) Stream Processing: The New Data Processing Paradigm Sumit Pal (G00378063) The 5 Steps Toward Pervasive Event-Driven Architecture Yefim Natis, Massimo Pezzini, Keith Guttridge and W. Roy Schulte (G00398057)