Envisaging targets of the financial sector under Vision 2030
The envisaged targets of the financial sector under Vision 2030 included enhancing financial inclusion by decreasing the share of population without access to financial services by about 20%. However, the most dramatic increase is usage of mobile money services
The adoption of mobile money services
Mobile money banking services shows its ability to overcome problems of physical access and high relative costs. Mobile banking has introduced alternative channels at financial service provision to conventional banking and has provided clear, quick and convenient platforms to conduct a range of financial transactions. The adoption of mobile money service far exceeded expectations.
Financial inclusion and macroeconomic stability
Increased financial inclusion through financial innovations does not seem to have compromised financial stability. First, the stock of e-money is backed 100% by accounts held at commercial banks. Second, while there has been increased instability in monetary relationships, reflected in a decline in the income velocity of circulation and an increase in the money multiplier undermining the conduct of monetary policy which assumes stable monetary relationships, stability seems to have been re-established since 2010.
Financial sector reforms have undoubtedly strengthened Kenya’s banking sector in the last decade or so. Major indices show an improvement, including: (a) the capital adequacy ratio; (b) rates of return on assets (ROA); (c) non-performing loans; (d) growth and composition of credit to the private sector; and (e) composition of banks assets and liabilities.
Cost of credit and interest rate spreads
One of the key criticisms of the Kenyan banking sector is that the cost of credit and the interest rate spread remains high. This has raised concerns from government, regulators and parliament, with the latter trying severally to introduce legislation to control them. As a consequence, both deposit and lending rates rose sharply as the Central Bank Rate (CBK) attempted to control inflation and stem currency depreciation. As seen in the figure, the increase in the spread was because banks raised the lending rate more than the deposit rate. The spread subsequently gradually decreased as the central Financial regulation in Kenya: 22 bank has relaxed monetary policy, lowering the CBR.
Prudential regulations in Kenya
Among other regulatory issues, Kenya has increasingly moved into universal banking reflected in increasing share of net commissions and fees in the banks' total income. The country now has banks that own insurance companies, others have set up insurance agencies to push forward their concept of bank-assurance; while others own stock brokerage firms. Hence there have been increased synergies between the banking, insurance and securities sectors with removal of regulatory barriers between the different segments of the financial sector.
Security threats leading to the adoption of Digital Banking
Following an alarming surge in cyber security threats, insufficient support, unpleasant experiences from unreliable vendors, poor integrations, license constraints and overpriced digital banking systems that threaten the sustainability of the Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Kenya, Stakeholders are relying on digital banking solutions that will support the Sacco movement to advance to new disruptive heights.
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