Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals and at least 400 toxins that are released when burned at high temperatures. The most damaging byproducts are tar, a carcinogen; nicotine, which is addictive and raises cholesterol; and carbon monoxide, which reduces oxygen in the body. Long-term smoking greatly increases the risks of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death from smoking.