semantics/ sense and reference

1. To sense
Unit 9 Sense Properties and Stereotypes

2. • The Sense of an expression is its indispensable hard core of meaning.
• The definition deliberately excludes any influence of context or
situation of utterance on the senses of expressions.

3. THREE important sense properties of
Sentences:
• An Analytic Sentence is one that is necessarily TRUE, as a result of
the words in it.
• A Synthetic Sentence is one that is NOT analytic but may be True or
false, depending on the way the world is.
• Contradiction is a sentence that is necessarily FALSE, as a result of the
senses of the words in it.

4. • Analytic Sentences can be formed from contradictions, and vice versa,
by the insertion or removal, as appropriate, of the negative particle
word not.
• Synthetic sentences are potentially informative in real-world
situations, whereas analytic sentences and contradictions are not
informative to anyone who already knows the meaning of the words
in them.

5. • Sense properties
( analytic, synthetic, contradiction)
• Sense relations
( synonyms, hyponyms, oppositeness, etc.…)

6. Stereotype:
• A stereotype is related to a prototype but is not the same thing. A
prototype of an elephant is an actual elephant, whereas the
stereotype of an elephant is a list of characteristics that describe the
prototype.