This document discusses using carbon nanotube sensors to detect toxic levels of ammonia. It begins by introducing the topic and outlines the health effects of ammonia on humans and poultry. These include gastrointestinal issues, eye and skin damage. It then discusses applications of ammonia sensors in various industries. The document also covers types of respirators used in industries dealing with ammonia, and recommendations from government agencies on safe exposure levels. Finally, it provides details on carbon nanotubes, their properties, synthesis methods, and their use in gas sensor systems to detect toxic ammonia levels.
Measurement of Formaldehyde Pollution in Ambient AirGasera Ltd.
Formaldehyde is classified as a carcinogenic compound and until today it has been difficult to monitor with existing technologies.
The GASERA ONE FORMALDEHYDE analyzer can achieve below 1 ppb detection limit, which is well below the 16 ppb recommendation for occupational exposure limit by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the USA.
* Materials updated 22 June 2017
Measurement of VOCs for Air Quality Using Widely Tunable Mid-Infrared Laser S...Gasera Ltd.
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor air quality has a large impact on health, quality of life and work efficiency. Numerous indoor air impurities are responsible for respiratory diseases , allergies, intoxication and certain types of cancer. Contaminants are caused by e.g. moulds, decomposing floor covering, tobacco smoke, outgassing from furniture.
Photoacoustic detection combined with widely tunable mid-IR laser sources provides a versatile platform for various air quality applications. High-power EC-QCL in the fingerprint regions enables measurement of many VOCs and also other gases that typically are active in the common fingerprint region. Easy to operate, miniaturization possibilities and infrequent maintenance requirement provides additional benefit.
Catalytic bead sensors require around 225mW of power to operate. For the average portable four-gas detector, the catalytic bead type LEL sensor typically accounts for more than half of the total power draw of the unit, which results in typical run times of 10-20 hours before a detector must be charged.
Measurement of Formaldehyde Pollution in Ambient AirGasera Ltd.
Formaldehyde is classified as a carcinogenic compound and until today it has been difficult to monitor with existing technologies.
The GASERA ONE FORMALDEHYDE analyzer can achieve below 1 ppb detection limit, which is well below the 16 ppb recommendation for occupational exposure limit by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the USA.
* Materials updated 22 June 2017
Measurement of VOCs for Air Quality Using Widely Tunable Mid-Infrared Laser S...Gasera Ltd.
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor air quality has a large impact on health, quality of life and work efficiency. Numerous indoor air impurities are responsible for respiratory diseases , allergies, intoxication and certain types of cancer. Contaminants are caused by e.g. moulds, decomposing floor covering, tobacco smoke, outgassing from furniture.
Photoacoustic detection combined with widely tunable mid-IR laser sources provides a versatile platform for various air quality applications. High-power EC-QCL in the fingerprint regions enables measurement of many VOCs and also other gases that typically are active in the common fingerprint region. Easy to operate, miniaturization possibilities and infrequent maintenance requirement provides additional benefit.
Catalytic bead sensors require around 225mW of power to operate. For the average portable four-gas detector, the catalytic bead type LEL sensor typically accounts for more than half of the total power draw of the unit, which results in typical run times of 10-20 hours before a detector must be charged.
Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs) | Characterisation and Purification methodsNitesh Sharma
Carbon nanotubes are one of the emerging materials developed in recent two decades. This report summarises the information of carbon nanotubes with their various synthesis techniques to produce CNTs. Different structures have been discussed like single-shell tubes, multi-shell tubes, bundles and cones. Notable state of the art characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, EDS, EDX, HRTEM has been also briefly discussed to study their structure- property correlation in this candidate material. Properties such as low dimensability, high surface-to-volume ratio is observed in carbon nanotubes. Unique mechanical, optical, electrical and electrochemical properties for carbon nanotubes are elaborately discussed here. Carbon nanotubes are advanced materials having tubular structure with nanometre diameter and large length/diameter ratio. Other properties such as density, stability is important for CNTs. Finally, prospects for carbon nanotubes are considered for carbon nanotubes.
oxygen is an important resource and thus needs to be monitored for various processes and safety purposes.thus optical oxygen sensorsare employed in these fields.
MEMS Approach to Low Power Wearable Gas SensorsMichael Lim
This presentation gives an overview of candidates solid state MEMS structures for wearable monitoring systems. The basic transduction mechanisms and device structures are shown for 5 types: QCM, FBAR, SAW, Cantilever, and CMUT. Finally, the structures are compared for their application into these mobile systems.
Synthesis of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNTs buckypaper using triton x 100. and compar...Awad Albalwi
In this study buckypaper of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNT have been synthesised using filtration of carbon nanotubes dispersed in 1% TritonX 100 as solvents. Dispersions were generated by pulse sonication of each single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) , Double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) and Multi wall carbon nanotubes in TritonX solvent. Fist, sonication times were investigated for these CNTs to determine the optimum conditions for generating stable dispersions of carbon nanotubes. It was found that optimal dispersions could be generated using Trion X-100 solvent with all these carbon nanotube by using 30minute periods of pulse sonication. The Three buckypapers of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNTs were produced by filtering dispersions of carbon nanotubes which had undergone 30 minutes of pulse sonication in TritonX100. Conductivity and measurements of the three buckypaper (SWNT,DWNT&MWNT) samples yielded average values of 14.24 , 23 and 19 Scm-1 respectively. Mechanical measurements were determined successfully . Homogeneity in the produced buckypapers were investigated confirming by scanning electron microscopy .
Know basic things about carbon nanotubes
*Allotropes of carbon (pg.4)
*Graphene(pg.5)
*Orientations of CNT's (pg.6)
*Types of Nanotubes (pg.7)
*Properties of Nanotubes (pg.9-10)
*Applications of Nanotubes (pg.11-13)
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Semi-Conducting Nanoclusters, Leaching Studies, Silicone Oxide Nanostructures, Carbon Nanofibers, Molecular Carbon-Onions, Gold-Silica Nanocomposites, Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor, Cylindrical Nanodot Arrays, Porous Anodic Alumina, Nanocrystalline Silicon Films)
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. In its original sense, nanotechnology refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. In this rising world of rapid technological developments, the role of state of art materials & composites is pivotal in frontier applications like aerospace, aviation, automobile, defense, electronics, chemical, biomedical, energy & nuclear sectors etc. with the advent of 21st century & initiation of Nanotechnology the atomic & molecular structures of materials is redefined. This shall result in new smart materials namely nanoparticles, powder, wires, rods, carbon nano tubes & so on.
See more
https://goo.gl/B0uBrS
https://goo.gl/J9zSNC
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Nanoscience, Sulphuric Acid on Grapheme, Metastabilities in Nanocrystalline, Interaction of Sulphuric Acid with Graphene, Sulphuric Acid in Gas and Solid Phases, Sulphuric Acid on Graphene, Nanowire Morphology, Periodicity and Diameter, Chemical Analysis of Copt/Pt Nanowires, Thermopower Measurements on Nickel Nanowires, Structural Characterization of Nws, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Emitters Experiment, Fabrication of Cnt Cathode, Cathode Support Structure Geometry, Vibration of Carbon Nanotube, Axisymmetric Radial Breathing Vibration, Nanoporous Tio2 Electrode, Preparation of Ilse Films, Electrode and Dssc Fabrication Containing Ilse, Numerical Simulations, High Temperature Stm in Situ Observation of Thermal Decomposition Process, Morphology Effects on Decomposition Process, Cylindrical Nanodot Arrays, Vortex-Core Magnetization, Porous Anodic Alumina, Film Morphology, Film Composition, Metal Nanoclusters in Glass, Ion-Beam Mixed Ag in Silica, Light Emission from Nanocomposites, Nanocrystalline Silicon Films, Electron Microscopy, Nanoscale Deep Indentation, Creation of Carbon Onions and Coils, Luminescence of Crystals Nanorods, Nanonecklace Morphology, Chemical Doping with Carbon Nanotubes, Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Nanoparticles, Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles, Au Nanoparticles on Light-Emitting Polymers, Au Nanoparticle Chains, Gold-Silica Nanocomposites, Molecular Carbon-Onions, Silicone Nanowires,
More Related Content
Similar to To indicate toxic level of ammonia using carbon nono tube sensors Presentation
Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs) | Characterisation and Purification methodsNitesh Sharma
Carbon nanotubes are one of the emerging materials developed in recent two decades. This report summarises the information of carbon nanotubes with their various synthesis techniques to produce CNTs. Different structures have been discussed like single-shell tubes, multi-shell tubes, bundles and cones. Notable state of the art characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, EDS, EDX, HRTEM has been also briefly discussed to study their structure- property correlation in this candidate material. Properties such as low dimensability, high surface-to-volume ratio is observed in carbon nanotubes. Unique mechanical, optical, electrical and electrochemical properties for carbon nanotubes are elaborately discussed here. Carbon nanotubes are advanced materials having tubular structure with nanometre diameter and large length/diameter ratio. Other properties such as density, stability is important for CNTs. Finally, prospects for carbon nanotubes are considered for carbon nanotubes.
oxygen is an important resource and thus needs to be monitored for various processes and safety purposes.thus optical oxygen sensorsare employed in these fields.
MEMS Approach to Low Power Wearable Gas SensorsMichael Lim
This presentation gives an overview of candidates solid state MEMS structures for wearable monitoring systems. The basic transduction mechanisms and device structures are shown for 5 types: QCM, FBAR, SAW, Cantilever, and CMUT. Finally, the structures are compared for their application into these mobile systems.
Synthesis of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNTs buckypaper using triton x 100. and compar...Awad Albalwi
In this study buckypaper of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNT have been synthesised using filtration of carbon nanotubes dispersed in 1% TritonX 100 as solvents. Dispersions were generated by pulse sonication of each single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) , Double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) and Multi wall carbon nanotubes in TritonX solvent. Fist, sonication times were investigated for these CNTs to determine the optimum conditions for generating stable dispersions of carbon nanotubes. It was found that optimal dispersions could be generated using Trion X-100 solvent with all these carbon nanotube by using 30minute periods of pulse sonication. The Three buckypapers of MWNTs, DWNTs and SWNTs were produced by filtering dispersions of carbon nanotubes which had undergone 30 minutes of pulse sonication in TritonX100. Conductivity and measurements of the three buckypaper (SWNT,DWNT&MWNT) samples yielded average values of 14.24 , 23 and 19 Scm-1 respectively. Mechanical measurements were determined successfully . Homogeneity in the produced buckypapers were investigated confirming by scanning electron microscopy .
Know basic things about carbon nanotubes
*Allotropes of carbon (pg.4)
*Graphene(pg.5)
*Orientations of CNT's (pg.6)
*Types of Nanotubes (pg.7)
*Properties of Nanotubes (pg.9-10)
*Applications of Nanotubes (pg.11-13)
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Semi-Conducting Nanoclusters, Leaching Studies, Silicone Oxide Nanostructures, Carbon Nanofibers, Molecular Carbon-Onions, Gold-Silica Nanocomposites, Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor, Cylindrical Nanodot Arrays, Porous Anodic Alumina, Nanocrystalline Silicon Films)
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. In its original sense, nanotechnology refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. In this rising world of rapid technological developments, the role of state of art materials & composites is pivotal in frontier applications like aerospace, aviation, automobile, defense, electronics, chemical, biomedical, energy & nuclear sectors etc. with the advent of 21st century & initiation of Nanotechnology the atomic & molecular structures of materials is redefined. This shall result in new smart materials namely nanoparticles, powder, wires, rods, carbon nano tubes & so on.
See more
https://goo.gl/B0uBrS
https://goo.gl/J9zSNC
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Nanoscience, Sulphuric Acid on Grapheme, Metastabilities in Nanocrystalline, Interaction of Sulphuric Acid with Graphene, Sulphuric Acid in Gas and Solid Phases, Sulphuric Acid on Graphene, Nanowire Morphology, Periodicity and Diameter, Chemical Analysis of Copt/Pt Nanowires, Thermopower Measurements on Nickel Nanowires, Structural Characterization of Nws, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Emitters Experiment, Fabrication of Cnt Cathode, Cathode Support Structure Geometry, Vibration of Carbon Nanotube, Axisymmetric Radial Breathing Vibration, Nanoporous Tio2 Electrode, Preparation of Ilse Films, Electrode and Dssc Fabrication Containing Ilse, Numerical Simulations, High Temperature Stm in Situ Observation of Thermal Decomposition Process, Morphology Effects on Decomposition Process, Cylindrical Nanodot Arrays, Vortex-Core Magnetization, Porous Anodic Alumina, Film Morphology, Film Composition, Metal Nanoclusters in Glass, Ion-Beam Mixed Ag in Silica, Light Emission from Nanocomposites, Nanocrystalline Silicon Films, Electron Microscopy, Nanoscale Deep Indentation, Creation of Carbon Onions and Coils, Luminescence of Crystals Nanorods, Nanonecklace Morphology, Chemical Doping with Carbon Nanotubes, Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Nanoparticles, Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles, Au Nanoparticles on Light-Emitting Polymers, Au Nanoparticle Chains, Gold-Silica Nanocomposites, Molecular Carbon-Onions, Silicone Nanowires,
Similar to To indicate toxic level of ammonia using carbon nono tube sensors Presentation (20)
To indicate toxic level of ammonia using carbon nono tube sensors Presentation
1. TO INDICATE TOXIC LEVEL OF
AMMONIA USING CARBON-NANOTUBE
SENSORS
BY:
AAKASH MHANKALE-803000470
DEEKSHA SIVAKUMER-893513473
PRIYANKA NARASIMHA REDDY-
803019033
ROHAN MEHTA-802954974
2. INTRODUCTION
• OUR RESEARCH PAPER FOCUSES ON THE DETECTION
OF AMMONIA USING CNT SENSORS AND ITS TOXIC
EFFECTS ON HUMAN AND POULTRY HEALTH.
• ALSO, FOCUSES ON THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
AREAS OF AMMONIA SENSORS.
3. HEALTH EFFECTS OF AMMONIA
•HUMAN HEALTH
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER
DAMAGE TO THE EYES
LESIONS IN THE CORNEA
SKIN BURNS
NASAL IRRITATION
•POULTRY
DAMAGE TO THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
DAMAGE TO THE EYES
LESIONS IN THE CORNEA
NEWCASTLE DISEASE
4. APPLICATIONS AREAS OF AMMONIA SENSORS
• ENVIRONMENTAL GAS ANALYSIS
• AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
• CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• MEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR AMMONIA SENSORS
5. TYPES OF RESPIRATORS USED IN
INDUSTRIES
• DISPOSABLE PARTICULATE
RESPIRATORS
• CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE
RESPIRATORS
• POWERED AIR-PURIFYING
RESPIRATORS
• SCBA OR SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS
UNITS
6. WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT
HUMAN HEALTH?
• THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS REGULATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROTECT
PUBLIC HEALTH.
• THE EPA, THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETYAND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA), AND THE FOOD
AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA), THE AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE
REGISTRY (ATSDR) AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETYAND HEALTH
(NIOSH) ARE SOME FEDERALAGENCIES THAT DEVELOP REGULATIONS FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES.
• OSHA HAS SET AN 8-HOUR EXPOSURE LIMIT OF 25PPM AND A SHORT-TERM (15-MINUTE)
EXPOSURE LIMIT OF 35PPM FOR AMMONIA IN THE WORKPLACE.
• NIOSH RECOMMENDS THAT THE LEVEL IN WORKROOM AIR BE LIMITED TO 50PPM FOR 5
MINUTES OF EXPOSURE.
7. GAS SENSORS
• GAS SENSORS HAVE ATTRACTED INTENSIVE RESEARCH INTEREST DUE TO THE
DEMAND OF SENSITIVE, FAST RESPONSE, AND STABLE SENSORS FOR INDUSTRY,
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, BIOMEDICINE.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY HAS CREATED HUGE POTENTIAL TO BUILD HIGHLY
SENSITIVE, LOW COST, PORTABLE SENSORS WITH LOW POWER CONSUMPTION.
• HIGH SURFACE-TO-VOLUME RATIO AND HOLLOW STRUCTURE OF
NANOMATERIALS IS IDEAL CONCEPT FOR THE ADSORPTION OF GAS MOLECULES.
GAS SENSORS BASED ON NANOMATERIALS, SUCH AS CARBON NANOTUBES
(CNTS), NANOWIRES, NANOFIBERS, AND NANOPARTICLES ARE USED WIDELY.
8. BASIC CRITERIA FOR GOOD AND EFFICIENT
GAS SENSING SYSTEMS
• HIGH SENSITIVITYAND SELECTIVITY.
• FAST RESPONSE TIME AND RECOVERY TIME.
• LOW ANALYST CONSUMPTION.
• LOW OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND TEMPERATURE INDEPENDENCE.
• STABILITY IN PERFORMANCES.
9. CARBON NANO TUBES
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF NANOTUBES:
• SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCNTS) : ONE-ATOM-THICK LAYER OF
GRAPHITE ROLLED UP INTO A SEAMLESS CYLINDER WITH A DIAMETER OF SEVERAL
NANOMETERS.
• MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTS): CONSIST OF MULTIPLE LAYERS OF
GRAPHITE WRAPPED UP TOGETHER TO FORM A TUBE SHAPE, SHARING THE SAME
CENTRAL AXIS.
10. PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANO TUBES
• MECHANICAL: CNTS ARE THE STRONGEST AND STIFFEST FIBERS THAT ARE KNOWN CURRENTLY DUE
TO THE C–C BOND.
• THERMAL: CNTS HAVE HIGH THERMAL STABILITY IN BOTH VACUUM AND AIR.
• ELECTRICAL: CNTS CAN BE EITHER METALLIC OR SEMICONDUCTING, DEPENDING UPON THE TUBE
DIAMETER AND THE CHIRALITY (THE DIRECTION IN WHICH THE GRAPHITE SHEET IS ROLLED TO FORM
THE TUBE)
• NANOTUBES WITH ( BEING A NONZERO INTEGER) ARE METALLIC WHILE ALL THE OTHERS ARE
SEMICONDUCTING.
• DIELECTRIC: THIS PROPERTY OF NANOTUBES IS HIGHLY ANISOTROPIC DUE TO THEIR NEARLY ONE-
DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES, WHICH MAY ENABLE NANOTUBES TO CARRY HIGH CURRENTS WITH
NEGLIGIBLE HEATING EFFECT
12. SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES
• ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE METHOD
TWO GRAPHITE RODS( ANODE AND
CATHODE) ARE PLACED IN AN
ENCLOSURE THAT IS FILLED WITH INERT
GAS(HELIUM OR ARGON).
ANODE IS MOVED TOWARDS CATHODE
UNTIL AN ARC APPEARS
ON COOLING OR DE-PRESSURING,
NANOTUBES WITH THEIR BY PRODUCTS
WILL BE COLLECTED.
13. • LASER ABLATION METHOD
LASER PULSES ABLATE A CARBON
TARGET PLACED IN TUBE
FURNACE.
INERT GASES SUCH AS HELIUM OR
ARGON ALSO FLOWS THROUGH
THE FURNACE.
ON COOLING, NANOTUBES WITH
ITS BYPRODUCTS CAN BE
COLLECTED.
14. • CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
CATALYST IS DEPOSITED ON
SUBSTRATE.
CARBON SOURCE IS THEN PLACED IN
GAS PHASE IN REACTION CHAMBER.
THIS CARBON WILL GET DIFFUSED
TOWARDS SUBSTRATE, WHICH IS
COATED WITH CATALYST AND
NANOTUBES GROW OVER THIS METAL
CATALYST.
15. ADVANTAGES OF CVD OVER ELECTRIC ARC
AND LASER ABLATION METHODS
• OPERATING TEMPERATURE FOR ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE METHOD AND LASER
ABLATION METHOD IS MORE THAN 1500°C WHEREAS FOR CVD IS AROUND
650°C.
• DUE TO THE SHORT PROCESS TIMES OF ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE METHOD
AND LASER ABLATION METHOD, ONLY SYNTHESIS OF THE SHORT NANOTUBES IS
POSSIBLE.
• AMOUNT OF PURIFICATION NEEDED FOR ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE METHOD
AND LASER ABLATION METHOD IS VERY HIGH UNLIKE CHEMICAL VAPOR
DEPOSITION
25. REFERENCES
• 1. “SENSITIVITY CONTROL FOR NANOTUBE SENSORS” US 6894359 B2
• 2. U.S. PATENT APPLICATION NO.60/748,834 “NANO-ELECTRONICS SENSORS HAVING SUBSTRATES WITH PRE-
PATTERNED ELECTRODES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL AMMONIA CONTROL SYSTEM ”
• 3. NO. 11/390,493 LED MAR. 27, 2006 (PUBLISHED 2006- ) ENTITLED “NANO-ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
FOR PHYSIOLOGIC GASES, AND IMPROVED NANO-SENSOR FOR CARBON DIOXIDE”.
• 4)ROBUST FABRICATION OF SELECTIVE AND REVERSIBLE POLYMER COATED CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED GAS
SENSORS, CHRISTOPHER R. FIELD, JUNGHOON YEOM, AMIN SALEHI-KHOJIN, RICHARD I. MASEL. RECEIVED 19
FEBRUARY 2010, REVISED 27 APRIL 2010, ACCEPTED 12 MAY 2010, AVAILABLE ONLINE 19 MAY 2010.
• 5)LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED CARBON NANOTUBE GAS SENSORS JOONDONG KIM NANO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
RESEARCH CENTER, KOREA INSTITUTE OF MACHINERY AND MATERIALS (KIMM), RECEIVED 16 OCTOBER 2011;
REVISED 7 MARCH 2012; ACCEPTED 20 MARCH 2012.
• 6) PATTERNING OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY MATERIAL ASSISTED LASER ABLATION PROCESS JUNGHUN CHAE AND
KANTI JAIN, FELLOW, IEEE
• 7) FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS BY ZHIYANG
RONG
• 8) CARBON NANOTUBES AND GRAPHENE-BASED CHEMICAL SENSORS ABHA MISRA*DEPARTMENT OF
INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLIED PHYSICS, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, BANGALORE 560012, INDIA