Tiga hari terakhir bersama Rodrigo Gularte, narapidana asal Brasil yang menderita gangguan jiwa dan divonis hukuman mati. Tim pengacara dan keluarga berusaha mencegah eksekusi dengan berbagai upaya hukum, namun pada akhirnya Rodrigo menerima pemberitahuan eksekusi yang akan dilaksanakan dalam waktu tiga hari.
PSE post call tree review presentation July 2013Khomeini Zaman
A call tree is a layered hierarchical communication model used to notify specific individuals of an event -- typically unplanned in nature -- and coordinate recovery, if necessary. A call tree is also known as a phone tree, call list, phone chain or text chain.
Surat Keberatan Terbuka LBH Masyarakat - PKNI - Yayasan STIGMA: Cabut Iklan K...LBH Masyarakat
Kami mendesak BNN untuk segera menghapus atau mencabut kedua publikasi tersebut yang telah termuat di dalam media-media sosial milik BNN. Kami juga mendesak agar BNN memastikan bahwa setiap publikasi dan informasi yang disampaikan ke publik ke depannya adalah publikasi dan informasi yang berbasiskan pada bukti ilmiah dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia dengan pemahamannya yang sangat terbatas mengenai persoalan narkotika dan adiksi agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman.
The Last Three Days with Rodrigo Gularte - Christina WLBH Masyarakat
Ketika saya sedang berusaha menguatkan perasaan saya dari rasa bersalah, karena saya tidak akan pernah bisa meloloskan dia dari pelaksanaan eksekusi 3 hari kemudian, seorang eksekutor yang berkacamata menyampaikan, “Bu Christina, tolong besok dijelaskan sekali lagi pada Rodrigo, ya, supaya dia bisa menerimanya dan ibu harus bisa menyampaikan kepada kami, apa 4 permintaan terakhir Rodrigo, karena dalam peraturan diberikan hak-haknya demikian sebelum dieksekusi.” Sambil mengangguk saya berkata dalam hati, “Tuhan, kuatkanlah Rodrigo, kuatkanlah kami.”
Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika (selanjutnya disebut dengan UU Narkotika) diundangkan pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2009. Undang-undang ini merupakan revisi atas undang-undang sebelumnya yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1997 Tentang Narkotika. Terdapat beberapa alasan yang melatarbelakangi direvisinya UU Nomor 22 tahun 1997 tersebut, antara lain: tindak pidana narkotika yang dilakukan dengan modus operandi yang semakin canggih, materi undang-undang yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan perkembangan situasi terkini, dan perlunya penguatan kelembagaan dalam hal pencegahan dan pemberantasan peredaran gelap narkotika.
Secara umum, terdapat beberapa hal baru yang dikenalkan oleh UU Narkotika, antara lain: adanya perubahan dan penambahan definisi di dalam bab tentang Ketentuan Umum, ruang lingkup dan tujuan yang diperluas, perluasan alat bukti dan adanya teknik penyidikan narkotika yang baru, serta ancaman pidana minimal untuk semua golongan narkotika.
PSE post call tree review presentation July 2013Khomeini Zaman
A call tree is a layered hierarchical communication model used to notify specific individuals of an event -- typically unplanned in nature -- and coordinate recovery, if necessary. A call tree is also known as a phone tree, call list, phone chain or text chain.
Surat Keberatan Terbuka LBH Masyarakat - PKNI - Yayasan STIGMA: Cabut Iklan K...LBH Masyarakat
Kami mendesak BNN untuk segera menghapus atau mencabut kedua publikasi tersebut yang telah termuat di dalam media-media sosial milik BNN. Kami juga mendesak agar BNN memastikan bahwa setiap publikasi dan informasi yang disampaikan ke publik ke depannya adalah publikasi dan informasi yang berbasiskan pada bukti ilmiah dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia dengan pemahamannya yang sangat terbatas mengenai persoalan narkotika dan adiksi agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman.
The Last Three Days with Rodrigo Gularte - Christina WLBH Masyarakat
Ketika saya sedang berusaha menguatkan perasaan saya dari rasa bersalah, karena saya tidak akan pernah bisa meloloskan dia dari pelaksanaan eksekusi 3 hari kemudian, seorang eksekutor yang berkacamata menyampaikan, “Bu Christina, tolong besok dijelaskan sekali lagi pada Rodrigo, ya, supaya dia bisa menerimanya dan ibu harus bisa menyampaikan kepada kami, apa 4 permintaan terakhir Rodrigo, karena dalam peraturan diberikan hak-haknya demikian sebelum dieksekusi.” Sambil mengangguk saya berkata dalam hati, “Tuhan, kuatkanlah Rodrigo, kuatkanlah kami.”
Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika (selanjutnya disebut dengan UU Narkotika) diundangkan pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2009. Undang-undang ini merupakan revisi atas undang-undang sebelumnya yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1997 Tentang Narkotika. Terdapat beberapa alasan yang melatarbelakangi direvisinya UU Nomor 22 tahun 1997 tersebut, antara lain: tindak pidana narkotika yang dilakukan dengan modus operandi yang semakin canggih, materi undang-undang yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan perkembangan situasi terkini, dan perlunya penguatan kelembagaan dalam hal pencegahan dan pemberantasan peredaran gelap narkotika.
Secara umum, terdapat beberapa hal baru yang dikenalkan oleh UU Narkotika, antara lain: adanya perubahan dan penambahan definisi di dalam bab tentang Ketentuan Umum, ruang lingkup dan tujuan yang diperluas, perluasan alat bukti dan adanya teknik penyidikan narkotika yang baru, serta ancaman pidana minimal untuk semua golongan narkotika.
Caveat - Volume February-March 2014 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this edition, Muhammad Afif Abdul Qoyim, an LBH Masyarakat’s caseworker, writes an article analyzing the possibility of the detainees, who are detained in police stations or other law enforcement agencies’ detention center, losing their right to vote. This is because the Election Committee does not seem very well prepared in securing their right to vote. He emphasizes, in the “Human Rights, Law, and Politics” column, the Election Committee must not only focus on the statutory election violations, – either those came from the political parties or the political candidates, but they also must be concerned with the detainees’ right to vote and to ensure that right is guaranteed, this is because right to vote is one of citizen’s rights protected by the Indonesia’s Constitution.
In the “Human Rights, HIV, and Drugs Policy” column, Aditiya Putra – an LBH Masyarakat’s Human Rights and Law program officer, writes an article about the new Indonesian social security and health care regulation. He criticizes this regulation on the ground that it is very discriminative against drug users. He argues that social security should be given equally to all citizens – a principle of universal coverage. However, contrary to this principle, the government, by enacting this regulation of social health security, the drug users will potentially be excluded from accessing that social security system. This is a discriminatory policy and it violates drug users’ right to health, as Aditiya argues.
Also, in this column, Ratna Dyah Kusumadewi, a legal intern at LBH Masyarakat, analyzes the inconsistencies of drug rehabilitation verdicts in Indonesia. She critically analyzes three different courts decisions. She pinpoints cases and rules, which could be precedents for judges to enforce rehabilitation based judgment for drug offenders, who are in need for drug treatments. She also recommends that judges should not merely interpret laws in black letter laws but also looking at the individual circumstances of each case for the interest of justice.
The last but not the least, Albert Wirya – an LBH Masyarakat’s volunteer and currently completing criminology studies at the University of Indonesia, will share his experience on working on a criminal casework, which the LBH Masyarakat is the clients’ legal representative. The case is
4 CAVEAT | February - March 2014
about a group of fishermen who are suspected trying to smuggle foreigners into Australia. In
“From Our Archive” column, Albert analyzes the case from the point of views of criminology. In
his essay, Albert focuses on the law enforcement performance when working on an organized
crime, which he argues that they might wrongfully prosecute minors but ironically fail to catch
the ‘big fish’.
Caveat - Volume April-May 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The process of law enforcement in Indonesia has had a bad record such as in the case of Sengkon and Karta. The two were accused of committing theft and murder of husbandandwife Sulaimans that took place in Bekasi in 1974. Bekasi District Court then sentenced Sengkon to 12 years of prison and Karta to 7 years.
Asia Catalyst – an NGO based in New York – held the 2013 Right to Health Advocacy Training in Bangkok. Asia Catalyst provides management and advocacy training to grassroots groups in Asia which are working to promote the right to health.
Once again, a child from a poor socioeconomic background has become trapped in illicit narcotic trafficking in Jakarta. In May 2013, a sixteen year old boy named Aldo (not his real name) appeared before the Central Jakarta District Court. Aldo was a student in Taman Siswa Senior High School when he was arrested by the police for his alleged involvement in drug trafficking.
Judicial corruption does not seem to pick and choose where it will occur. It can happen in big cities like Jakarta or a small city like Jember in the province of East Java. People may find it difficult to prove that judicial corruption exists, but one can feel that it is there.
Dokumentasi Pelanggaran Hak Tersangka Kasus NarkotikaLBH Masyarakat
Buku yang anda pegang sekarang memuat laporan dokumentasi yang telah LBH Masyarakat lakukan selama satu tahun sepanjang 2011. Hasil dokumentasi tersebut mengafirmasi cerita-cerita yang sebelumnya pernah
kami dengar. Nyaris semua tahanan kasus narkotika pernah mengalami pelanggaran HAM di tingkat penyidikan, baik upaya paksa yang dilakukan dengan sewenang-wenang oleh pihak kepolisian maupun penyiksaan
dan perlakuan buruk lainnya. Buku ini tidak berpretensi untuk menyajikan laporan penelitian kuantitatif melainkan lebih kepada pemaparan analisis kualitatif yang terefleksi dari hasil temuan tersebut.
Documentation on The Violation of The Rights of The SuspectLBH Masyarakat
The book you are holding now compiles a report of LBH Masyarakat documentation conducted over one year in 2011. The results of this documentation affirms the stories we have heard before. Nearly all detainees in narcotics cases have experienced some sort of human rights violation during investigative phase, including arbitrary enforcement measures, torture and other mistreatment by the police. This book does not pretend to present a quantitative study. Instead, it provides a more qualitative analysis reflected from the findings.
Law enforcement measures inevitably involve a contradiction: on the one hand they aim to create order by imposing certain restrictions on freedoms and liberties, while on the other hand they must honor liberties and freedoms of every individual that they limit. Humans inherently are endowed with rights, and when these rights are derogated from them, their humanity is undermined. A question then arises, in the event of a crime that poses a threat to public order what are we supposed to do with the perpetrators of the crime? Doing nothing will disrupt public order and will lead to a chaos that in turn will deny the human rights of other individuals. Law enforcement essentially involves some restrictions to the human rights of the perpetrators, but at the same time, the perpetrators of the crime are also humans endowed with rights that must be protected. This is exactly the critical point of the tension between these two opposite situations.
Jejak Langkah Menciptakan Pengacara RakyatLBH Masyarakat
Buku “Jejak Langkah Menciptakan Pengacara Rakyat” adalah kumpulan pengalaman para penyuluh hukum LBH Masyarakat dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum di empat komunitas. Empat komunitas itu adalah komunitas nelayan Kali Adem, komunitas remaja keluarga korban Tragedi Mei 1998 di Klender, komunitas pemakai dan mantan pemakai narkotika di Jakarta, dan komunitas remaja yang bersekolah di sekolah alternatif di Terminal Depok.
Catatan perjalanan yang para penyuluh tuliskan di buku ini tidak berintensi untuk menjadi sebuah panduan lengkap dalam melakukan aktivitas pemberdayaan hukum. Guratan tulisan dalam buku ini sesungguhnya bertujuan untuk berbagi cerita perjalanan yang para penyuluh alami dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum. Membaca torehan pengalaman para penyuluh hukum dalam buku ini bisa membuat Anda tertawa kecil, larut dalam haru, terbawa dalam kegeraman, dan bukan tidak mungkin menginspirasikan Anda untuk dapat berbuat lebih
dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum.
Buku Saku Mengenal UU Keterbukaan Informasi PublikLBH Masyarakat
Indonesia, beberapa waktu yang lalu telah mengesahkan
Undang-Undang Nomor 14 tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan
Informasi Publik. Kehadiran undang-undang ini tentu layak mendapat apresiasi positif karena menjadi landasan hukum bagi setiap orang untuk hak atas informasi, sekalipun dalam beberapa hal, undang-undang ini memiliki keterbatasan.
Buku saku ini disusun sebagai upaya untuk mengenalkan undang-undang yang baru tersebut kepada Pendamping masyarakat dan aktivis Ornop. Diharapkan setelah membaca buku saku ini dapat memperoleh pemahaman yang mendasar mengenai undang-undang tersebut, sehingga dapat menggunakannya ketika diperlukan
terutama dalam kerja-kerja mendampingi masyarakat.
Buku berjudul Wajah Pemberdayaan Hukum Masyarakat ini hadir dengan maksud untuk memberi potret yang jelas untuk menggambarkan apa itu pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat ala LBH Masyarakat. Kami sadar betul bahwa rumusan dalam buku ini bukanlah rumus baku untuk menjalankan pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat. Penjabaran ide-ide dalam buku ini hendaknya diperlakukan sebagai uraian ramuan, yang peracikannya diserahkan kepada setiap pelaku pemberdayaan. Gagasan dalam buku ini juga memang sejak awal diposisikan sebagai living manifestos. Dia tidak kaku, fleksibel dan adaptif. Dia akan menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan masyarakat itu sendiri. Mengingat masyarakat akan terus berubah, begitu pula halnya dengan pemberdayaan hukum. Kami juga sadar betul bahwa pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat akan ada banyak model. Oleh karena itulah, buku ini adalah satu dari sekian banyak referensi yang dapat Anda rujuk ketika hendak menjalankan pemberdayaan hukum.
Hak Asasi Manusia dan HIV, No. 2, 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
HdH diterbitkan dengan tujuan untuk menjadi sarana informasi, komunikasi dan dialog antar komunitas yang kini tengah diberdayakan oleh LBH Masyarakat. Publikasi ini hendak menyasar pembaca utamanya di lingkungan orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS, pemakai narkotika, pekerja seks dan waria/transjender. Publikasi ini juga bertujuan untuk memicu diskusi di antara anggota komunitas-komunitas tersebut. Tentu inisiatif ini tidak lepas sebagai bentuk upaya untuk melengkapi pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat yang tengah kami lakukan di empat komunitas tersebut.
Caveat - Volume February-March 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The Indonesian Civil Society Coalition against the Death Penalty (HATI Coalition) condemns the recent execution of Adami Wilson by the Attorney General’s Office, on Thursday, 14 March 2013.
“All human beings are born free and equal”. Regardless of the reality, this is the value that underpins human rights. Human rights is about equality, about everybody having the same rights, and that the government has the obligation to protect, respect and fulfill it. But, what if there area group of people who,since early in their lives, are discriminated and seen as less of a human being, and then thrust into marginalization,unable to claim their rights? What role must the government play to protect the rights of these people?
Monday, 18 March 2013, the Central Jakarta District Court decided to send a child who uses drugs to receive rehabilitation in a government social rehabilitation for children. Vince (not his real name) was one of ten suspects who were involved in this case. The proceedings were relatively quick and should be appreciated as the judge handed down the rehabilitation verdict to the child instead of imprisonment and put priority on children rights throughout the process.
Caveat - Volume November 2012-January 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) has agreed to discuss the Draft of the Indonesian Criminal Code in its 2013 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas), together with other 69 Draft Laws. This, of course, is an encouraging development given that Indonesia has been trying for the longest time to enact its new Criminal Code. The current Indonesian Criminal Code is a legacy of the Dutch colonial
era. It is, therefore, essential to have an updated version of the Criminal Code to reflect modern development of criminal law as well as international human rights standards.
In 2006, it is estimated that 5,129 inmates in Indonesia are affected by HIV and AIDS, accounting for as much as 3% of the estimated total of people living with HIV and AIDS in the country. There is a growing concern of HIV transmission in prisons stemming from the relatively high percentage of AIDS-related deaths in prison. Although the overall mortality in prisons has decreased from 2007 to 2009, AIDS-related deaths have actually increased.
In its 2012 year end press release, the Indonesian National
Narcotic Board (BNN) stated that 71 drug offenders have
been sentenced to death in Indonesia. Twenty of them are
Indonesian nationals while the remaining 51 are foreigners.
One Indonesian national who was on death row for drug
offense is Meirika Franola or also known as Ola. President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono gave clemency to Ola in 2011 and commuted his sentence from death penalty to life sentence. The clemency given to Ola appears to be no longer valued when BNN exposed drug trafficking that dragged Ola again.
Caveat - Volume July-August 2012 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The relationship between ethnic and religious groups in Indonesia is vulnerable to conflict and has often lead to violence. The intensity of conflicts that has lead violence in the past few years is alarming. Take, for example, the
brutal attacks on Ahmadiyah followers in Cikeusik, Banten province, in early 2011; persistent assaults against the HKBP Filadelfia church in Bekasi, West Java, this year; and also this year, aggressive harassment of Shi’ite followers in Madura, East Java. These are but a few cases of conflicts involving violence between groups in Indonesia. The question remains, however, were these violent conflicts caused or perhaps triggered because of the different group
identities involved? In other words, such question assumes that that the violence is driven by ethnic or religious identity.
Indonesia has been attempting to address drug issues in many ways, which apparently and regrettably, has been more of a failure rather than a success. The government seems to be somewhat confused as to how it should tackle this problem. The number of drug dependents has not decreased despite the punitive approaches and extensive campaigns that demonize people who use drugs.
The third article seeks to provide an overview of how Indonesian drug policies have failed to respect human rights of drug users. However, a detailed analysis of the problems is beyond the scope of this article. It will, therefore, only seek to evaluate fundamental issues of the policies. At the end of this article, it will offer some key recommendations to address the problems that emerged.
Caveat - Volume September-October 2012 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The idea of reforming Indonesian criminal justice system by amending the current Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) has been in suspended animation for much of the last decade. The draft revision has not been enacted and the progress to pass the draft revision practically halted. At
this pace it may take another decade for the draft to be passed and one may even conclude that the government and the parliament seem to not want to pass it at all. This is at odds with their enthusiasm to hastily pass legislation of lesser importance as of late.
On 17 November 2011, the Indonesian government, together with the other nine governments of South East Asian countries, declared political commitments to achieve zero new HIV infection, zero discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths. The fact that HIV epidemic in this region
has affected more than 1.5 million people, and the concern that such epidemic may have negative consequences on the realization of an ASEAN Community, has led these ten countries to declare and renew their political commitment in achieving the ‘Getting to Zero’ goals.
In February 2012, the Community Legal Aid Institute (LBH Masyarakat) filed a right-to-information request to the National Narcotic Board (BNN) asking for copies of three of their regulations related with the investigation of drug offences. Those regulations are, Regulation of the Head of BNN number 3 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Controlled Delivery, Regulation of the Head of BNN number 4 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Undercover Purchase, and Regulation of the Head of BNN number 5 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Inquiry and Investigation of Drug Offences. However, in March 2012, BNN declined the request arguing that the regulations in question were exempted from the public information category. In April 2012, LBH Masyarakat filed an objection with regard to that decision.
Caveat - VOLUME 16/II, SEPTEMBER 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
September has been a gloomy month for Indonesia, in terms of its history of law and human rights, since 1965. The killing of Munir in 2004, Semanggi II tragedy in 1999, Tanjung Priok tragedy in 1984, and 1965 Massacre all took place in September. All of these human rights abuses are left unresolved, leaving no justice for the victims and perpetrators are unpunished. Put simply: impunity reigns over law and human rights. In early September, when we had our editorial meeting to discuss the ideas for this month’s CAVEAT, all of us were agreed to raise the issue of impunity in those so‐called past human rights violations. One major incident then occurred and changed our editorial decision, however.
On 12 September 2010, morning, some Christians were walking from their houses towards to their church (HKBP) in Ciketing, Bekasi, West Java. First Brigadier Police (Briptu) Galih Setiawan was there to lead and secure the walkers. While they were walking, there were four unknown men in motorcycle approached Hasian Lumban Toruan Sihombing and stabbed him in stomach. Briptu Galih Setiawan then put Toruan Sihombing in the motorcycle helped by Priest Luspida Simanjuntak. When they were taking Toruan Sihombing to the nearest hospital, the perpetrators attacked Priest Luspida with a wooden block and she was injured in head, back, and forehad.
What worse was in this situation that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono did not step forward and appear in public to condemn such cowardice act. Two days before the incident, President himself gave a speech commenting on the plan of Koran burning by Pastor Terry Jones in the US. People at large were angered as President Yudhoyono voiced out his concern on issue that was far away but neglected such an important issue in his backyard.
Apart from that, as usual, we also put reportage from Asia. In addition, Ajeng Larasati one of our legal researcher write an opinion for this edition CAVEAT with regard to a case of our client in which had to serve imprisonment seven days extra. She argues that maladministration of the judiciary system in which the correctional facility should be held responsible – together with the court and prosecutor office, leads to human rights violation.
Caveat - VOLUME 14/II, JULY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The attacks against the offices of Tempo magazine and anti-corruption activist Tama Satrya Langkun early this month dominates the coverage in this month’s CAVEAT.
The Main Report investigates the incidents and explores need for the Indonesian National Police Force to conduct institutional reform.
This month our Additional Feature examines the urgency to develop and pass specific laws for protection of human rights activists. The safety of human rights activists is not a problem faced only in Indonesia. In this edition’s Rights in Asia, our partner the Asian Human Rights Commission has brought to light the plight of human rights activists in the Philippines, Nepal and Pakistan.
In the Opinion column, Maeve Showell highlights the urgency for Indonesia to ratify the UN Refugee Convention as regional debate heats up in the lead up to the Australian election. As always, CAVEAT also updates you on the latest activities of LBH Masyarakat.
This month LBH Masyarakat participated in the XVIII International AIDS Conference in Vienna where Ricky Gunawan delivered his presentation titled “Legal Literacy in Indonesia: A Tool for Empowering Drug Users, Fishermen, and People Living with HIV to facilitate self-representation.” In other news comes from one of our employees, Ajeng Larasati, has just been named as a 2010 JusticeMakers Fellow which brought three volunteers of International Bridges to Justice (IBJ) came to LBH Masyarakat to assist LBH Masyarakat in running its program.
In addition to our regular columns, LBH Masyarakat had also interviewed Taufik Basari, one of the youngest and most promising human rights lawyers in Indonesia. In the middle of his busy schedule, he shared with us his views on youth and human rights for our Interview.
Caveat - VOLUME 13/II, JUNE 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
This month’s CAVEAT Main Report highlights this issue and asks us to think more beyond the OPCAT ratification. It is noteworthy that OPCAT ratification is not the end of the line, it is only the means for a greater end: the prevention of torture in detention facilities in Indonesia. Thus, we need to start thinking now –while urging the government to ratify OPCAT- what kind of NPMs would be best to implement once the protocol has been signed.
Our featured article takes a look at Indonesia’s elite anti terror squads, and calls for greater training to ensure that the anti-terror fight does not step out of bounds of human rights.
In our Rights in Asia column we have updates on human rights situations in Nepal, Philippines, and South Korea.
In Reportage, you may find series of activities conducted by Indonesian Networks against Torture (JAPI) –which LBH Masyarakat is a member of, in commemorating the anti-torture day this year.
Still related to torture, our Opinion section has a succinct overview of torture in Indonesian in the form of the Statement of AHRC on practice of torture in Indonesia. The statement generally highlights key issues such as torture criminalization, revision on Indonesian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, police reform, and OPCAT ratification.
Caveat - VOLUME 12/II, MAY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this month’s Main Report we bring you coverage on a current LBH Masyarakat case. Humphery Ejike, a Nigerian national has been sentenced to death by a South Jakarta District Court after being convicted as a drug dealer. However the court failed to fully prove Mr Ejike’s guilt, instead it is alleged that the charge was fabricated and the judges were influenced by the race of the accused, rather than the evidence presented to the court. Such judicial prejudice has not only violated the Bangalore Principles, which mandates judges to examine cases impartially and in spirit of equality but the case has also violated Mr Ejike’s basic human rights as guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and Convention on All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) which was ratified by Indonesia in 1999. In addition to being discriminated against because of his race, Jeff has also had his right to fair trial violated as he was not given access to legal counsel or an appropriate interpreting service. The Additional Feature on this edition of CAVEAT reports on the after math of May 1998 riots and reflects on the wounds that have yet to be healed on the 12th anniversary of the events. The article explores the lack of justice obtained by the government on behalf of the many victims despite the abolition of Suhartos New Order regime. “Building A Rights-Based Approach of HIV/AIDS Case and Policy Advocacy” in Jakarta. Yoseph Adi Prasetyo from the National Human Rights Commission and human rights lawyer Taufik Basari attended the workshop to deliver presentation on the issue of HIV/AIDS, human rights and legal advocacy. The complete report on this workshop may be found in this edition’s Reportage. Last but not least, the Opinion Piece is an open letter written by the Asian Human Rights Commission to the Chief of the Indonesian National Police regarding the shooting of five terrorist suspects in Cikampek and Cawang.
Caveat - VOLUME 11/II, APRIL 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The constitutional court has rejected a review on the ‘Blasphemy Law’, a prominent LGBT conference was cancelled amid community uproar and a large scale
riot in the North Jakarta area of Koja on April 14 dominated the news cycle.
In this months CAVEAT Main Report, we have analysed the Koja riot. Hundreds of victims were injured and three public order officers were killed, former Indonesian vice president, Jusuf Kalla, called the clashes the biggest riots since May 1998. The Koja riot – which was triggered by reports that the government intended to destroy the tomb of Mbah Priuk, a celebrated Islamic figure buried on state owned land - has increased the calls urging government to disband the infamous Public Order Agency (Satpol PP).
From a human rights perspective the violence committed by the Satpol PP meets the criteria of ‘cruel treatment’ as pointed out by Article 16 of the Convention against
Torture or Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). Thus, any Satpol PP officers who committed such acts should be punished according to the law.
There is a debate, however, whether disbanding the Satpol PP is the best solution. The government is adamant that
the force is still needed to enforce regional regulations.
In the Additional Feature, we present you an article outlining the reasons behind the cancellation of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Association (ILGA) conference which was scheduled to be held in Surabaya at the end of March. The cancellation shows a lack of respect for LGBT rights in Indonesia as well as the constitutional ‘right to assemble’.
Our Rights in Asia section updates you on human rights conditions in three other Asian countries; Thailand, India, and the Philippines. The hot political situation in Bangkok has resulted in the Thai government blocking access to certain websites, which reflects anti democracy policy in Thailand.
We will also update you with LBH Masyarakat’s current activities. In our Reportage section’ we tell you of our efforts
to obtain legal birth certificates for hundreds of Jembatan Besi residents. Together with our paralegals and volunteers, we conducted several activities to ensure this community is able to formally apply for birth certificates without the use
of a ‘scalper’ which had made the process too expensive for most residents in the past.
Finally, Ricky Gunawan’s article ‘Indonesia’s Pluralism in Peril’ explores the lack of tolerance of pluralism in Indonesia following the constitutional review of the
‘Blasphemy Law’ as well as the cancellation of the ILGA conference. Ricky Gunawan argues that despite Indonesia’s pride for its multicultural heritage the fact is that
‘diversity is negated and human rights are diluted by fundamentalists.’
Caveat - Volume February-March 2014 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this edition, Muhammad Afif Abdul Qoyim, an LBH Masyarakat’s caseworker, writes an article analyzing the possibility of the detainees, who are detained in police stations or other law enforcement agencies’ detention center, losing their right to vote. This is because the Election Committee does not seem very well prepared in securing their right to vote. He emphasizes, in the “Human Rights, Law, and Politics” column, the Election Committee must not only focus on the statutory election violations, – either those came from the political parties or the political candidates, but they also must be concerned with the detainees’ right to vote and to ensure that right is guaranteed, this is because right to vote is one of citizen’s rights protected by the Indonesia’s Constitution.
In the “Human Rights, HIV, and Drugs Policy” column, Aditiya Putra – an LBH Masyarakat’s Human Rights and Law program officer, writes an article about the new Indonesian social security and health care regulation. He criticizes this regulation on the ground that it is very discriminative against drug users. He argues that social security should be given equally to all citizens – a principle of universal coverage. However, contrary to this principle, the government, by enacting this regulation of social health security, the drug users will potentially be excluded from accessing that social security system. This is a discriminatory policy and it violates drug users’ right to health, as Aditiya argues.
Also, in this column, Ratna Dyah Kusumadewi, a legal intern at LBH Masyarakat, analyzes the inconsistencies of drug rehabilitation verdicts in Indonesia. She critically analyzes three different courts decisions. She pinpoints cases and rules, which could be precedents for judges to enforce rehabilitation based judgment for drug offenders, who are in need for drug treatments. She also recommends that judges should not merely interpret laws in black letter laws but also looking at the individual circumstances of each case for the interest of justice.
The last but not the least, Albert Wirya – an LBH Masyarakat’s volunteer and currently completing criminology studies at the University of Indonesia, will share his experience on working on a criminal casework, which the LBH Masyarakat is the clients’ legal representative. The case is
4 CAVEAT | February - March 2014
about a group of fishermen who are suspected trying to smuggle foreigners into Australia. In
“From Our Archive” column, Albert analyzes the case from the point of views of criminology. In
his essay, Albert focuses on the law enforcement performance when working on an organized
crime, which he argues that they might wrongfully prosecute minors but ironically fail to catch
the ‘big fish’.
Caveat - Volume April-May 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The process of law enforcement in Indonesia has had a bad record such as in the case of Sengkon and Karta. The two were accused of committing theft and murder of husbandandwife Sulaimans that took place in Bekasi in 1974. Bekasi District Court then sentenced Sengkon to 12 years of prison and Karta to 7 years.
Asia Catalyst – an NGO based in New York – held the 2013 Right to Health Advocacy Training in Bangkok. Asia Catalyst provides management and advocacy training to grassroots groups in Asia which are working to promote the right to health.
Once again, a child from a poor socioeconomic background has become trapped in illicit narcotic trafficking in Jakarta. In May 2013, a sixteen year old boy named Aldo (not his real name) appeared before the Central Jakarta District Court. Aldo was a student in Taman Siswa Senior High School when he was arrested by the police for his alleged involvement in drug trafficking.
Judicial corruption does not seem to pick and choose where it will occur. It can happen in big cities like Jakarta or a small city like Jember in the province of East Java. People may find it difficult to prove that judicial corruption exists, but one can feel that it is there.
Dokumentasi Pelanggaran Hak Tersangka Kasus NarkotikaLBH Masyarakat
Buku yang anda pegang sekarang memuat laporan dokumentasi yang telah LBH Masyarakat lakukan selama satu tahun sepanjang 2011. Hasil dokumentasi tersebut mengafirmasi cerita-cerita yang sebelumnya pernah
kami dengar. Nyaris semua tahanan kasus narkotika pernah mengalami pelanggaran HAM di tingkat penyidikan, baik upaya paksa yang dilakukan dengan sewenang-wenang oleh pihak kepolisian maupun penyiksaan
dan perlakuan buruk lainnya. Buku ini tidak berpretensi untuk menyajikan laporan penelitian kuantitatif melainkan lebih kepada pemaparan analisis kualitatif yang terefleksi dari hasil temuan tersebut.
Documentation on The Violation of The Rights of The SuspectLBH Masyarakat
The book you are holding now compiles a report of LBH Masyarakat documentation conducted over one year in 2011. The results of this documentation affirms the stories we have heard before. Nearly all detainees in narcotics cases have experienced some sort of human rights violation during investigative phase, including arbitrary enforcement measures, torture and other mistreatment by the police. This book does not pretend to present a quantitative study. Instead, it provides a more qualitative analysis reflected from the findings.
Law enforcement measures inevitably involve a contradiction: on the one hand they aim to create order by imposing certain restrictions on freedoms and liberties, while on the other hand they must honor liberties and freedoms of every individual that they limit. Humans inherently are endowed with rights, and when these rights are derogated from them, their humanity is undermined. A question then arises, in the event of a crime that poses a threat to public order what are we supposed to do with the perpetrators of the crime? Doing nothing will disrupt public order and will lead to a chaos that in turn will deny the human rights of other individuals. Law enforcement essentially involves some restrictions to the human rights of the perpetrators, but at the same time, the perpetrators of the crime are also humans endowed with rights that must be protected. This is exactly the critical point of the tension between these two opposite situations.
Jejak Langkah Menciptakan Pengacara RakyatLBH Masyarakat
Buku “Jejak Langkah Menciptakan Pengacara Rakyat” adalah kumpulan pengalaman para penyuluh hukum LBH Masyarakat dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum di empat komunitas. Empat komunitas itu adalah komunitas nelayan Kali Adem, komunitas remaja keluarga korban Tragedi Mei 1998 di Klender, komunitas pemakai dan mantan pemakai narkotika di Jakarta, dan komunitas remaja yang bersekolah di sekolah alternatif di Terminal Depok.
Catatan perjalanan yang para penyuluh tuliskan di buku ini tidak berintensi untuk menjadi sebuah panduan lengkap dalam melakukan aktivitas pemberdayaan hukum. Guratan tulisan dalam buku ini sesungguhnya bertujuan untuk berbagi cerita perjalanan yang para penyuluh alami dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum. Membaca torehan pengalaman para penyuluh hukum dalam buku ini bisa membuat Anda tertawa kecil, larut dalam haru, terbawa dalam kegeraman, dan bukan tidak mungkin menginspirasikan Anda untuk dapat berbuat lebih
dalam melakukan pemberdayaan hukum.
Buku Saku Mengenal UU Keterbukaan Informasi PublikLBH Masyarakat
Indonesia, beberapa waktu yang lalu telah mengesahkan
Undang-Undang Nomor 14 tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan
Informasi Publik. Kehadiran undang-undang ini tentu layak mendapat apresiasi positif karena menjadi landasan hukum bagi setiap orang untuk hak atas informasi, sekalipun dalam beberapa hal, undang-undang ini memiliki keterbatasan.
Buku saku ini disusun sebagai upaya untuk mengenalkan undang-undang yang baru tersebut kepada Pendamping masyarakat dan aktivis Ornop. Diharapkan setelah membaca buku saku ini dapat memperoleh pemahaman yang mendasar mengenai undang-undang tersebut, sehingga dapat menggunakannya ketika diperlukan
terutama dalam kerja-kerja mendampingi masyarakat.
Buku berjudul Wajah Pemberdayaan Hukum Masyarakat ini hadir dengan maksud untuk memberi potret yang jelas untuk menggambarkan apa itu pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat ala LBH Masyarakat. Kami sadar betul bahwa rumusan dalam buku ini bukanlah rumus baku untuk menjalankan pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat. Penjabaran ide-ide dalam buku ini hendaknya diperlakukan sebagai uraian ramuan, yang peracikannya diserahkan kepada setiap pelaku pemberdayaan. Gagasan dalam buku ini juga memang sejak awal diposisikan sebagai living manifestos. Dia tidak kaku, fleksibel dan adaptif. Dia akan menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan masyarakat itu sendiri. Mengingat masyarakat akan terus berubah, begitu pula halnya dengan pemberdayaan hukum. Kami juga sadar betul bahwa pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat akan ada banyak model. Oleh karena itulah, buku ini adalah satu dari sekian banyak referensi yang dapat Anda rujuk ketika hendak menjalankan pemberdayaan hukum.
Hak Asasi Manusia dan HIV, No. 2, 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
HdH diterbitkan dengan tujuan untuk menjadi sarana informasi, komunikasi dan dialog antar komunitas yang kini tengah diberdayakan oleh LBH Masyarakat. Publikasi ini hendak menyasar pembaca utamanya di lingkungan orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS, pemakai narkotika, pekerja seks dan waria/transjender. Publikasi ini juga bertujuan untuk memicu diskusi di antara anggota komunitas-komunitas tersebut. Tentu inisiatif ini tidak lepas sebagai bentuk upaya untuk melengkapi pemberdayaan hukum masyarakat yang tengah kami lakukan di empat komunitas tersebut.
Caveat - Volume February-March 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The Indonesian Civil Society Coalition against the Death Penalty (HATI Coalition) condemns the recent execution of Adami Wilson by the Attorney General’s Office, on Thursday, 14 March 2013.
“All human beings are born free and equal”. Regardless of the reality, this is the value that underpins human rights. Human rights is about equality, about everybody having the same rights, and that the government has the obligation to protect, respect and fulfill it. But, what if there area group of people who,since early in their lives, are discriminated and seen as less of a human being, and then thrust into marginalization,unable to claim their rights? What role must the government play to protect the rights of these people?
Monday, 18 March 2013, the Central Jakarta District Court decided to send a child who uses drugs to receive rehabilitation in a government social rehabilitation for children. Vince (not his real name) was one of ten suspects who were involved in this case. The proceedings were relatively quick and should be appreciated as the judge handed down the rehabilitation verdict to the child instead of imprisonment and put priority on children rights throughout the process.
Caveat - Volume November 2012-January 2013 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) has agreed to discuss the Draft of the Indonesian Criminal Code in its 2013 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas), together with other 69 Draft Laws. This, of course, is an encouraging development given that Indonesia has been trying for the longest time to enact its new Criminal Code. The current Indonesian Criminal Code is a legacy of the Dutch colonial
era. It is, therefore, essential to have an updated version of the Criminal Code to reflect modern development of criminal law as well as international human rights standards.
In 2006, it is estimated that 5,129 inmates in Indonesia are affected by HIV and AIDS, accounting for as much as 3% of the estimated total of people living with HIV and AIDS in the country. There is a growing concern of HIV transmission in prisons stemming from the relatively high percentage of AIDS-related deaths in prison. Although the overall mortality in prisons has decreased from 2007 to 2009, AIDS-related deaths have actually increased.
In its 2012 year end press release, the Indonesian National
Narcotic Board (BNN) stated that 71 drug offenders have
been sentenced to death in Indonesia. Twenty of them are
Indonesian nationals while the remaining 51 are foreigners.
One Indonesian national who was on death row for drug
offense is Meirika Franola or also known as Ola. President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono gave clemency to Ola in 2011 and commuted his sentence from death penalty to life sentence. The clemency given to Ola appears to be no longer valued when BNN exposed drug trafficking that dragged Ola again.
Caveat - Volume July-August 2012 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The relationship between ethnic and religious groups in Indonesia is vulnerable to conflict and has often lead to violence. The intensity of conflicts that has lead violence in the past few years is alarming. Take, for example, the
brutal attacks on Ahmadiyah followers in Cikeusik, Banten province, in early 2011; persistent assaults against the HKBP Filadelfia church in Bekasi, West Java, this year; and also this year, aggressive harassment of Shi’ite followers in Madura, East Java. These are but a few cases of conflicts involving violence between groups in Indonesia. The question remains, however, were these violent conflicts caused or perhaps triggered because of the different group
identities involved? In other words, such question assumes that that the violence is driven by ethnic or religious identity.
Indonesia has been attempting to address drug issues in many ways, which apparently and regrettably, has been more of a failure rather than a success. The government seems to be somewhat confused as to how it should tackle this problem. The number of drug dependents has not decreased despite the punitive approaches and extensive campaigns that demonize people who use drugs.
The third article seeks to provide an overview of how Indonesian drug policies have failed to respect human rights of drug users. However, a detailed analysis of the problems is beyond the scope of this article. It will, therefore, only seek to evaluate fundamental issues of the policies. At the end of this article, it will offer some key recommendations to address the problems that emerged.
Caveat - Volume September-October 2012 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The idea of reforming Indonesian criminal justice system by amending the current Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) has been in suspended animation for much of the last decade. The draft revision has not been enacted and the progress to pass the draft revision practically halted. At
this pace it may take another decade for the draft to be passed and one may even conclude that the government and the parliament seem to not want to pass it at all. This is at odds with their enthusiasm to hastily pass legislation of lesser importance as of late.
On 17 November 2011, the Indonesian government, together with the other nine governments of South East Asian countries, declared political commitments to achieve zero new HIV infection, zero discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths. The fact that HIV epidemic in this region
has affected more than 1.5 million people, and the concern that such epidemic may have negative consequences on the realization of an ASEAN Community, has led these ten countries to declare and renew their political commitment in achieving the ‘Getting to Zero’ goals.
In February 2012, the Community Legal Aid Institute (LBH Masyarakat) filed a right-to-information request to the National Narcotic Board (BNN) asking for copies of three of their regulations related with the investigation of drug offences. Those regulations are, Regulation of the Head of BNN number 3 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Controlled Delivery, Regulation of the Head of BNN number 4 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Undercover Purchase, and Regulation of the Head of BNN number 5 of 2011 regarding the Technique of Inquiry and Investigation of Drug Offences. However, in March 2012, BNN declined the request arguing that the regulations in question were exempted from the public information category. In April 2012, LBH Masyarakat filed an objection with regard to that decision.
Caveat - VOLUME 16/II, SEPTEMBER 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
September has been a gloomy month for Indonesia, in terms of its history of law and human rights, since 1965. The killing of Munir in 2004, Semanggi II tragedy in 1999, Tanjung Priok tragedy in 1984, and 1965 Massacre all took place in September. All of these human rights abuses are left unresolved, leaving no justice for the victims and perpetrators are unpunished. Put simply: impunity reigns over law and human rights. In early September, when we had our editorial meeting to discuss the ideas for this month’s CAVEAT, all of us were agreed to raise the issue of impunity in those so‐called past human rights violations. One major incident then occurred and changed our editorial decision, however.
On 12 September 2010, morning, some Christians were walking from their houses towards to their church (HKBP) in Ciketing, Bekasi, West Java. First Brigadier Police (Briptu) Galih Setiawan was there to lead and secure the walkers. While they were walking, there were four unknown men in motorcycle approached Hasian Lumban Toruan Sihombing and stabbed him in stomach. Briptu Galih Setiawan then put Toruan Sihombing in the motorcycle helped by Priest Luspida Simanjuntak. When they were taking Toruan Sihombing to the nearest hospital, the perpetrators attacked Priest Luspida with a wooden block and she was injured in head, back, and forehad.
What worse was in this situation that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono did not step forward and appear in public to condemn such cowardice act. Two days before the incident, President himself gave a speech commenting on the plan of Koran burning by Pastor Terry Jones in the US. People at large were angered as President Yudhoyono voiced out his concern on issue that was far away but neglected such an important issue in his backyard.
Apart from that, as usual, we also put reportage from Asia. In addition, Ajeng Larasati one of our legal researcher write an opinion for this edition CAVEAT with regard to a case of our client in which had to serve imprisonment seven days extra. She argues that maladministration of the judiciary system in which the correctional facility should be held responsible – together with the court and prosecutor office, leads to human rights violation.
Caveat - VOLUME 14/II, JULY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The attacks against the offices of Tempo magazine and anti-corruption activist Tama Satrya Langkun early this month dominates the coverage in this month’s CAVEAT.
The Main Report investigates the incidents and explores need for the Indonesian National Police Force to conduct institutional reform.
This month our Additional Feature examines the urgency to develop and pass specific laws for protection of human rights activists. The safety of human rights activists is not a problem faced only in Indonesia. In this edition’s Rights in Asia, our partner the Asian Human Rights Commission has brought to light the plight of human rights activists in the Philippines, Nepal and Pakistan.
In the Opinion column, Maeve Showell highlights the urgency for Indonesia to ratify the UN Refugee Convention as regional debate heats up in the lead up to the Australian election. As always, CAVEAT also updates you on the latest activities of LBH Masyarakat.
This month LBH Masyarakat participated in the XVIII International AIDS Conference in Vienna where Ricky Gunawan delivered his presentation titled “Legal Literacy in Indonesia: A Tool for Empowering Drug Users, Fishermen, and People Living with HIV to facilitate self-representation.” In other news comes from one of our employees, Ajeng Larasati, has just been named as a 2010 JusticeMakers Fellow which brought three volunteers of International Bridges to Justice (IBJ) came to LBH Masyarakat to assist LBH Masyarakat in running its program.
In addition to our regular columns, LBH Masyarakat had also interviewed Taufik Basari, one of the youngest and most promising human rights lawyers in Indonesia. In the middle of his busy schedule, he shared with us his views on youth and human rights for our Interview.
Caveat - VOLUME 13/II, JUNE 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
This month’s CAVEAT Main Report highlights this issue and asks us to think more beyond the OPCAT ratification. It is noteworthy that OPCAT ratification is not the end of the line, it is only the means for a greater end: the prevention of torture in detention facilities in Indonesia. Thus, we need to start thinking now –while urging the government to ratify OPCAT- what kind of NPMs would be best to implement once the protocol has been signed.
Our featured article takes a look at Indonesia’s elite anti terror squads, and calls for greater training to ensure that the anti-terror fight does not step out of bounds of human rights.
In our Rights in Asia column we have updates on human rights situations in Nepal, Philippines, and South Korea.
In Reportage, you may find series of activities conducted by Indonesian Networks against Torture (JAPI) –which LBH Masyarakat is a member of, in commemorating the anti-torture day this year.
Still related to torture, our Opinion section has a succinct overview of torture in Indonesian in the form of the Statement of AHRC on practice of torture in Indonesia. The statement generally highlights key issues such as torture criminalization, revision on Indonesian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, police reform, and OPCAT ratification.
Caveat - VOLUME 12/II, MAY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this month’s Main Report we bring you coverage on a current LBH Masyarakat case. Humphery Ejike, a Nigerian national has been sentenced to death by a South Jakarta District Court after being convicted as a drug dealer. However the court failed to fully prove Mr Ejike’s guilt, instead it is alleged that the charge was fabricated and the judges were influenced by the race of the accused, rather than the evidence presented to the court. Such judicial prejudice has not only violated the Bangalore Principles, which mandates judges to examine cases impartially and in spirit of equality but the case has also violated Mr Ejike’s basic human rights as guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and Convention on All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) which was ratified by Indonesia in 1999. In addition to being discriminated against because of his race, Jeff has also had his right to fair trial violated as he was not given access to legal counsel or an appropriate interpreting service. The Additional Feature on this edition of CAVEAT reports on the after math of May 1998 riots and reflects on the wounds that have yet to be healed on the 12th anniversary of the events. The article explores the lack of justice obtained by the government on behalf of the many victims despite the abolition of Suhartos New Order regime. “Building A Rights-Based Approach of HIV/AIDS Case and Policy Advocacy” in Jakarta. Yoseph Adi Prasetyo from the National Human Rights Commission and human rights lawyer Taufik Basari attended the workshop to deliver presentation on the issue of HIV/AIDS, human rights and legal advocacy. The complete report on this workshop may be found in this edition’s Reportage. Last but not least, the Opinion Piece is an open letter written by the Asian Human Rights Commission to the Chief of the Indonesian National Police regarding the shooting of five terrorist suspects in Cikampek and Cawang.
Caveat - VOLUME 11/II, APRIL 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
The constitutional court has rejected a review on the ‘Blasphemy Law’, a prominent LGBT conference was cancelled amid community uproar and a large scale
riot in the North Jakarta area of Koja on April 14 dominated the news cycle.
In this months CAVEAT Main Report, we have analysed the Koja riot. Hundreds of victims were injured and three public order officers were killed, former Indonesian vice president, Jusuf Kalla, called the clashes the biggest riots since May 1998. The Koja riot – which was triggered by reports that the government intended to destroy the tomb of Mbah Priuk, a celebrated Islamic figure buried on state owned land - has increased the calls urging government to disband the infamous Public Order Agency (Satpol PP).
From a human rights perspective the violence committed by the Satpol PP meets the criteria of ‘cruel treatment’ as pointed out by Article 16 of the Convention against
Torture or Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). Thus, any Satpol PP officers who committed such acts should be punished according to the law.
There is a debate, however, whether disbanding the Satpol PP is the best solution. The government is adamant that
the force is still needed to enforce regional regulations.
In the Additional Feature, we present you an article outlining the reasons behind the cancellation of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Association (ILGA) conference which was scheduled to be held in Surabaya at the end of March. The cancellation shows a lack of respect for LGBT rights in Indonesia as well as the constitutional ‘right to assemble’.
Our Rights in Asia section updates you on human rights conditions in three other Asian countries; Thailand, India, and the Philippines. The hot political situation in Bangkok has resulted in the Thai government blocking access to certain websites, which reflects anti democracy policy in Thailand.
We will also update you with LBH Masyarakat’s current activities. In our Reportage section’ we tell you of our efforts
to obtain legal birth certificates for hundreds of Jembatan Besi residents. Together with our paralegals and volunteers, we conducted several activities to ensure this community is able to formally apply for birth certificates without the use
of a ‘scalper’ which had made the process too expensive for most residents in the past.
Finally, Ricky Gunawan’s article ‘Indonesia’s Pluralism in Peril’ explores the lack of tolerance of pluralism in Indonesia following the constitutional review of the
‘Blasphemy Law’ as well as the cancellation of the ILGA conference. Ricky Gunawan argues that despite Indonesia’s pride for its multicultural heritage the fact is that
‘diversity is negated and human rights are diluted by fundamentalists.’
Salinan PP Nomor 25 Tahun 2024. kumparanNews, kumparan.com
Tiga Hari Terakhir Bersama Rodrigo Gularte - Christina W
1. Tiga Hari Terakhir Bersama Rodrigo Gularte
oleh Christina W
Pertemuan pertamaku dengan Rodrigo Gularte, warga negara Brasil di Lapas
Pasir Putih, Nusakambangan terjadi pada pertengahan bulan Februari 2009, ketika
aku mengikuti pelayanan Romo Carolus, O.M.I. di Lapas itu. Saat kami saling
memperkenalkan diri, Rodrigo sangat sopan, sederhana, dan terlihat yang paling
muda diantara narapidana lainnya dalam ruang Kapel - tempat beribadat bagi
narapidana Katolik dan Kristen – di lingkungan Lapas Pasir Putih tersebut.
Pada bulan-bulan berikutnya, pada keikutsertaan saya dalam pelayanan Rm.
Carolus, O.M.I. - setiap hari Rabu minggu ketiga - makin terbiasa saya melihat
ketidaknormalan pada diri Rodrigo. Sering sekali saya melihat dia berbicara sendiri
dengan tembok di sebelah kiri ataupun kanannya, baik sebelum maupun setelah
Misa terlaksana dalam Kapel itu. Ketika saya sapa, Rodrigo sangat komunikatif,
sopan, dan sangat murah senyum kepada siapapun. Setiap kali setelah saya selesai
berkomunikasi dengan dia dan kemudian melihat dia berbicara sendiri, saya selalu
berdoa untuk dia, “Tuhan kasihanilah dia dan jagalah dia selalu dalam Lapas Pasir
Putih ini, karena dia sangat menderita dengan kondisinya itu. Amin”.
Perkenalan saya dengan Rodrigo akhirnya membuat saya juga berkenalan
dengan keluarganya, yaitu dengan ibu serta kakak perempuannya, Adriana, ketika
mereka sedang berkunjung ke Lapas Pasir Putih. Kami sempat berfoto bersama di
dalam Kapel, tentu dengan seijin Petugas Lapas Pasir Putih, karena sedang ada
acara bersama ketika itu.
2. Pada awal Februari 2015, saya juga mulai bersahabat sangat dekat dengan
Angelita Aparecida Muxfeldt, lebih akrab dipanggil Angelita, saudara sepupu
Rodrigo. Tepatnya, setelah diketahui bahwa nama Rodrigo masuk dalam daftar 10
terpidana mati yang akan dieksekusi pada tahap II yang belum jelas kapan
pelaksanaannya itu.
Persahabatanku dengan Angelita membuat aku menjadi salah satu kuasa
hukum/pengacara dari tim kuasa hukum Rodrigo Gularte1 melalui Angelita sebagai
sepupu Rodrigo, dengan surat kuasa tertanggal 12 Maret 2015. Setelah Angelita
mencabut kuasanya pada pengacara yang lama.
Sebagai bagian dari tim kuasa hukum/pengacara Rodrigo, saya yang
kebetulan berdomisili di Cilacap, bisa dengan mudahnya membezuk Rodrigo di
Lapas Pasir Putih, Nusakambangan pada setiap hari Selasa dan Kamis bersama-
sama Angelita. Setiap kali kami berdua besuk, baru bisa bertatap muka dengan
Rodrigo pada sekitar jam 11.00, karena harus melewati tahap-tahap pemeriksaan
sejak di Pelabuhan Wijayapura hingga Lapas Pasir Putihnya. Bersama-sama
Angelita, kami mulai bekerja keras memperjuangkan supaya Rodrigo tidak
dieksekusi pada rencana pelaksanaan eksekusi tahap II.
Kesedihan, ketakutan serta ketegangan sudah mulai dirasakan oleh keluarga
dari 10 terpidana mati yang masuk dalam daftar para terpidana mati yang akan
dieksekusi pada tahap II.
Segala upaya advokasi untuk mencegah pelaksanaan eksekusi bagi Rodrigo
mulai kami (tim pengacara, Angelita dan Perwakilan Kedutaan Brasil) lakukan
dengan gencarnya sejak Kejaksaan Agung (Kejagung) RI mengumumkan nama-
nama para Narapidana yang masuk tahap II. Sebagai salah satu bukti kuat yang
kami peroleh dari keluarga (Angelita) dan bisa kami gunakan dalam advokasi kami
adalah hasil pemeriksaan psikiatri oleh tim dokter dari RSUD Cialacap (dr. Sri
Rahayu Hartini, Sp.KJ bersama Prof. DR.dr. H. Soewadi, MPH, SpKJ (K) pada hari
Selasa, 10 Februari 2015 pukul 09.00 hingga selesai terhadap Rodrigo Gularte (42
th) di Poliklinik LP. Pasir Putih, menyatakan bahwa pasien menunjukkan tanda-tanda
gangguan mental kronis dengan diagnosis Skizofrenia Paranoid dan DD: Gangguan
1
Tim kuasa hukum Rodrigo Gularte terdiri dari pengacara-pengacara dari LBH Masyarakat, Kontras, JPIC-OMI,
LAPDI, dan PJS.
3. bipolar dengan ciri psikotik. Kemudian disarankan oleh tim psikiatri agar Rodrigo
segera mendapatkan perawatan dan pengobatan psikiatri intensif di RS. Jiwa. Serta
bukti-bukti sangat penting lainnya dari Brasil, yang diupayakan oleh pihak keluarga
Rodrigo di Brasil.
Strategi advokasi kami yang pertama-tama adalah mengajukan permohonan
Pengampuan bagi Rodrigo di PN Cilacap, Angelita sebagai Pemohon Pengampu
bagi Rodrigo yang benar-benar menderita kelainan jiwa, sebenarnya sudah diderita
sejak dia masih remaja. Permohonan kami telah diterima dan dijadwalkan akan
disidangkan pada hari Rabu, 6 Mei 2015. Upaya permohonan grasi yang kedua dan
juga upaya mengajukan gugatan PTUN terhadap Keputusan Presiden RI No.5/G
Tahun 2015 juga telah dilakukan oleh kami selaku tim pengacara Rodrigo.
Seluruh upaya hukum tersebut sudah kami beritahukan kepada pihak
Kejagung, agar pelaksanaan eksekusi mati bagi Rodrigo ditunda terlebih dahulu,
karena pihak Kejagung haruslah menghargai upaya-upaya hukum yang sedang
dilakukan oleh pihak keluarga Rodrigo.
Rupanya, pihak Kejagung sama sekali tidak mempedulikan hal itu dan tetap
akan melaksanakan eksekusi mati bagi 10 narapidana yang seara resmi diumumkan
oleh Kejagung pada awal bulan April 2015. Rodrigo Gularte benar-benar ada dalam
daftar nama 10 terpidana mati tersebut dan akan segera dieksekusi di Pulau
Nusakambangan, Cilacap.
Tiba waktunya pihak Kejagung RI akan memberikan notifikasi kepada
kesepuluh terpidana mati tersebut. Hari Jumat, 24 April 2015, yang rencananya
Angelita bersama kami, tim pengacara, akan menemui Prof. Soewadi di Yogyakarta,
sehubungan dengan permohonan kami bahwa beliau akan kami minta menjadi saksi
ahli dalam persidangan permohonan pengampuan, terpaksa kami batalkan. Hal ini
harus dilakukan karena pihak Kedutaan Brasil diberitahu oleh pihak Kementrian Luar
Negeri RI bahwa perwakilan Kedutaan Brasil harus segera ke Cilacap untuk
mendampingi Rodrigo Gularte dan keluarganya. Kepada Angelita, perwakilan
Kedutaan Brasil (Bapak Leonardo M) mengatakan prosesnya sama seperti ketika
akan dilaksanakannya eksekusi terhadap sdr. Marco pada eksekusi tahap I, akhir
bulan Januari 2015.
4. Kekecewaan, ketakutan, kebingungan dan kepanikan sudah mulai dialami
baik oleh Angelita dan pihak Kedutaan Brasil, maupun kami selaku tim
pengacaranya sejak Kamis, 23 April 2015 malam hari.
Hari Sabtu, 25 April 2015 adalah hari yang paling tidak bisa kami lupakan dan
merupakan hari yang terberat dalam hidup saya sebagai manusia biasa. Kepedihan
serta ketakutan sudah jelas menyelimuti batin kami semua: perwakilan Kedutaan
Brasil (2 orang), Angelita, serta 5 orang tim pengacara Rodrigo berkumpul di Hotel
Dafam menunggu undangan dari Kejagung RI, segera berkumpul di Kejaksaaan
Negeri Cilacap, karena akan disampaikan notifikasi tentang pelaksanaan eksekusi
mati bagi 10 terpidana mati tersebut.
Bersama-sama semua perwakilan kedutaan-kedutaan, keluarga-keluarga
serta semua tim Pengacara dari 10 orang terpidana mati pada tahap ke II ini, pada
jam 12.00 kami sudah berkumpul di Kejaksaan Negeri Cilacap, untuk siap-siap
mendengarkan notifikasi tersebut. Ternyata diperintahkan hanya perwakilan dari
masing-masing kedutaan hanya 1 orang serta pengacaranya juga 1 orang saja yang
diijinkan masuk ke dalam ruangan yang telah disediakan. Di saat itulah, Angelita
meminta kesediaan saya untuk mewakili keluarga. Hati saya berdebar-debar
sebenarnya, ada ketidaksiapan secara mental serta kelelahan bathin yang sudah
berhari-hari mengalami tekanan dari pihak luar sejak menjadi pengacara Rodrigo.
Akan tetapi karena kepercayaan yang telah diberikan oleh Angelita sejak pertama
kali kami bersahabat itulah yang membuat saya mengatakan “ya” untuk menjawab
permintaan Angelita itu. Kalau boleh jujur, ketika itu saya sangat berharap Angelita
meminta Ricky sebagai koordinator tim pengacara untuk maju mewakili kami.
Sebelum masuk salah satu ruangan di Kejaksaan Negeri, saya sempatkan diri
mendekati Angelita hanya untuk mengatakan, “Angelita, please pray for me, I am
afraid.” Angelita menjawab, ”Yes, of course, Christina. I will pray for you. Don’t cry,
Christina. Please… for Rodrigo. You have to be strong!” Kemudian kami berpelukan
sejenak untuk saling menguatkan. Rupanya, di dalam ruangan kami masih harus
menunggu 2 jam lamanya tanpa ada kepastian kapan tim Kejagung akan datang
dan memberitahukan soal notifikasi itu.
Akhirnya pada pukul 14.00 lebih tim eksekutor yang didampingi pihak staf
Kementrian Luar Negeri RI serta para pejabat negara yang berwenang lainnya,
masuk ke dalam ruangan dan memberitahukan bahwa:
5. 1. Pemberitahuan notifikasi pelaksanaan eksekusi akan disampaikan
pada hari ini juga, Sabtu, 25 April 2015 secara langsung kepada 10
terpidana mati di Lapas Besi dan masing-masing mereka hanya boleh
didampingi oleh 1 orang perwakilan kedutaan dan 1 orang pengacar.
Pihak keluarga tidak boleh mendampingi sama sekali. Oleh karena itu
kita semua akan segera berangkat ke Lapas Besi.
2. Pihak keluarga akan diberikan waktu khusus untuk bertemu dengan
para terpidana mati setelah notifikasi itu diterima oleh yang
bersangkutan.
3. Para pihak yang sudah diijinkan tersebut, pada poin 1 harus segera
melaporkan nama-namanya pada petugas. Akan disediakan
kendaraan khusus dengan pengawalan khusus dari pihak Kejagung
dan Kepolisian.
Dan tepat pukul 15.30 kami meninggalkan Kejaksaan Negeri Cilacap untuk
menuju ke Lapas Besi, Nusakambangan, dengan menggunakan kendaraan kami
masing-masing, karena koordinasi Kejagung mulai kelihatan tidak jelas dalam hal
kendaraan yang akan membawa kami tersebut. Sekali lagi Angelita memberikan
pelukan kepada saya sebelum saya berjalan menuju ke pos penjagaan, dengan
membisikkan kata-kata, “Don’t cry, Christina, and be strong for Rodrigo, okay?”
Tetapi saya tahu kepedihan hatinya, sama seperti yang sedang saya rasakan sejak
Rabu malam. Maka saya tidak bisa berkata apa-apa, hanya anggukan kepala sambil
menahan tangisku yang hampir meledak siang itu. Tiap langkah kakiku terasa amat
berat, kukatakan pada diriku dalam hati, “Christina, kamu harus kuat!” Akhirnya saya
(perwakilan tim pengacara), Pak Leonardo (wakil Atase Kedutaan Brasil) dan pak
Lukman (staf kedutaan) -pihak Kedutaan Brasil diijinkan ikut 2 orang- sampai di
Lapas Besi sore hari sekitar jam 16.30. Rupanya, pemberitahuan notifikasi bagi 10
narapidana dilakukan satu persatu, sehingga kami yang harus mendampingi Rodrigo
mendapatkan giliran yang terakhir.
Tepat jam 19.00 WIB, kami bisa bertemu Rodrigo dalam sebuah ruangan
yang sudah penuh dengan petugas dari Kejagung selaku Tim Eksekutor, ada meja
lain dimana sudah ada Okuwdili Ayotanze (Dili) dengan pengacaranya. Kami bertiga
dan Rodrigo diarahkan untuk menuju ke salah satu meja yang sudah ada 3 orang
petugas dari Tim Eksekutor. Salah satu eksekutor menyampaikan dengan sangat
6. tegas dan langsung. Pertama-tama mengklarifikasi data-data pribadi Rodrigo, yang
dibenarkan oleh Rodrigo. Saya langusng menyampaikan surat pernyataan dari
keluarga bahwa Rodrigo harus didampingi Rm. Carolus, O.M.I. sebagai pendamping
Rohaninya, karena Rodrigo beragama Katolik. Kemudian tim eksekutor
menyampaikan, “Saudara Rodrigo dengarkan baik-baik, ya. Kami beritahukan
bahwa permohonan grasi saudara telah ditolak oleh Presiden RI dengan Keputusan
No.5/G tahun 2015. Oleh karena itu, hukuman mati atas diri saudara akan
dilaksanakan pada 3 hari kemudian diperhitungkan sejak disampaikannya notifikasi
ini.” Reaksi Rodrigo langsung mengatakan, “Ini sebuah kesalahan, Pak, Bu. Karena
itu, saya tidak akan dieksekusi! Beberapa negara-negara sedang berkumpul untuk
bicarakan tentang hukuman mati dan hukuman mati sudah dinyatakan tidak ada lagi
di mana-mana, juga di Indonesia. Jadi, saya tidak akan dieksekusi. Narkoba itu hal
yang biasa, narkoba itu seperti minum-minuman keras dan juga rokok, orang-orang
dewasa bebas untuk memutuskan sendiri akan menggunakan atau tidak. Saya tahu,
kalian semua tahu juga, pasti, bahwa ada juga orang di dalam ruangan ini yang
menggunakan narkoba”. Pada saat yang bersamaan seorang petugas eksekutor
menanggapi jawaban Rodrigo, “Kami akan segera menangkap pengedar narkoba.”
Hal itu mengakibatkan Rodrigo makin emosi dengan berkali-kali mengatakan “Ini
ada yang salah, saya hanya melakukan kesalahan 1 kali! Mengapa saya akan
dieksekusi?” Lalu, dia berpaling ke arah saya dengan berkata “Christina, help me.”
Saat itulah saya tersekat tidak bisa berkata apa-apa, perasaan bersalah yang begitu
besar mulai mempengaruhi diri saya. Karena Rodrigo tidak pernah berhenti bicara,
tiba-tiba seorang petugas eksekutor dengan nada keras berkata, “Stop, saudara
Rodrigo! Saudara diam dulu, ya.” Saya meraba punggung Rodrigo untuk
menenangkan dia, dan Rodrigo berhenti bicara. Eksekutor yang tinggi dan besar itu
melanjutkan lagi, “Ibu, anda pengacaranya kan? Tolong, dengarkan penjelasan saya
lalu terjemahkan untuk klien saudara ya. Grasi anda, Saudara Rodrigo, ditolak oleh
Presiden, lalu suka atau tidak suka, anda akan dieksekusi mati dalam waktu 3 x 24
jam terhitung mulai besok. Dalam waktu 3 x 24 jam itu, anda diberi kesempatan
untuk bertemu dengan keluarga dan anda boleh menyampaikan 4 permintaan
terakhir anda, akan kami penuhi sejauh kami bisa menfasilitasinya. Silahkan
terjemahkan, Bu.” Ketika saya akan menterjemahkan dalam Bahasa Inggris, Rodrigo
langsung menjawab, ”Saya sudah paham Christina, tapi ini ada yang salah dalam
7. hal ini, saya tidak akan menyampaikan apa-apa karena saya tidak akan dieksekusi.”
Kemudian, saya menyampaikan kepada para eksekutor bahwa “Rodrigo sudah
mendengarkan, Pak, hanya belum bisa menerimanya.” Sambil berdiri, sekali lagi
Rodrigo meminta kepada saya, “Christina, tolong saya!” Ia sudah diminta untuk
kembali lagi ke dalam sel isolasi. Sebelum berdiri, Rodrigo sempat mengatakan
kepada semua petugas eksekutor yang ada di hadapan kami “Bapak dan Ibu, saya
meminta maaf ya kalau tadi saya emosi, ya. Maaf-maaf, ya.” Para eksekutor itu
menjawab, “Ya, Pak Rodrigo, gak apa-apa”. Kaki saya terasa lemas dan seperti mau
jatuh rasanya, tapi saya harus kuat untuk Rodrigo. Saya sempat sampaikan ke dia,
“See you tomorrow Rodrigo, we will visit you again with Angelita”. “Yes, please. Help
me, Christina.” Jawaban itu menjadi kalimat terakhir dari dia sebelum dia
berbincang-bincang dengan Pak Leonardo sebelum meninggalkan ruangan.
Ketika saya sedang berusaha menguatkan perasaan saya dari rasa bersalah,
karena saya tidak akan pernah bisa meloloskan dia dari pelaksanaan eksekusi 3 hari
kemudian, seorang eksekutor yang berkacamata menyampaikan, “Bu Christina,
tolong besok dijelaskan sekali lagi pada Rodrigo, ya, supaya dia bisa menerimanya
dan ibu harus bisa menyampaikan kepada kami, apa 4 permintaan terakhir Rodrigo,
karena dalam peraturan diberikan hak-haknya demikian sebelum dieksekusi.”
Sambil mengangguk saya berkata dalam hati, “Tuhan, kuatkanlah Rodrigo,
kuatkanlah kami.”
Di dalam bis perjalanan pulang dari Lapas Besi ke penyebrangan Sodong,
saya menangis sepanjang jalan, pak Leonardo membiarkan saya menghabiskan
kepedihan dan rasa putus asa yang sedang aku alami, karena dia tahu aku tidak
akan menangis di hadapan Angelita. Hanya sekali dia berusaha menguatkan aku
dengan menepuk bahuku.
Hari Pertama.
Hari Minggu, 26 April 2015 adalah hari kunjungan pertama bagi Angelita,
setelah notifikasi pelaksanaan eksekusi disampaikan. Hari itu yang besuk: Pak
Leonardo, Angelita, Ricky, dan saya. Kami baru bisa bertemu Rodrigo kira-kira jam
11.00 dan diberi kesempatan hingga jam 16.00. Seluruh keluarga, wakil kedutaan-
kedutaan, pendamping rohani serta tim pengacara dari 9 terpidana yang akan
dieksekusi, memulai pertemuan dengan masing-masing terpidana. Kesedihan yang
8. mendalam, kebingungan, ketakutan dan ketegangan sangat bisa kami rasakan satu
sama lain. Setiap kali aku memandang wajah Rodrigo lalu wajah Angelita selama
kami bertemu dan berbincang bersama-sama, hatiku mengalami kepedihan yang
belum pernah aku alami dalam hidupku. Setiap kali, aku melihat Rodrigo tersenyum,
perasaan bersalah sangat kuat dalam batinku. Maka saya lebih sering memandang
kel antai setiap kali air mata saya akan jatuh, setelah saya bisa menguasai suasana
hati, baru saya menatap Rodrigo atau Angelita lagi. Petugas Kejagung (eksekutor)
yang semalam ada mendekati saya dan mengingatkan saya untuk menjelaskan
sekali lagi kepada Rodrigo dan juga hari itu juga saya harus bisa mendapatkan 4
keinginan terakhir Rodrigo. Dalam hati saya, “Setan betul ya, kamu, Pak!” Tapi yang
keluar dari mulut saya, “Sabar, kenapa sih Pak? Kan Bapak tau bahwa Rodrigo itu
sakit jiwa, jadi kita mesti hati-hati dan lebih sabar.” Siang itu Rodrigo sempat
mengatakan “Nasi padang,” adalah makanan favoritnya selama di Lapas Pasir Putih.
Rodrigo meminta pada Ricky dan saya sebagai Pengacara dia, untuk kerja
keras menolong dia mulai besok pagi. Rodrigo mengatakan besok tidak perlu ada di
ruang ini, kami berdua harus kerja keras. Dan kami menyampaikan bahwa kami
akan berjuang terus untuk menolong dia. Rodrigo menyampaikan terima kasihnya
kepada kami semua yang telah susah payah menjadi pengacara bagi dia dan
berjuang untuk dia.
Hari Kedua.
Hari Senin, 27 April 2015, pada hari kedua yang besuk di pagi hari hanya
Angelita. Kami, tim pengacara, berusaha maksimal melakukan koordinasi dengan
tim pengacara lain di Jakarta untuk melakukan audiensi dengan Jaksa Agung dan
juga mengajukan gugatan ke PTUN serta upaya-upaya non litigasi lainnya. Pak
Leonardo dan Rm. Carolus, O.M.I sebagai Pendamping Rohani membesuk Rodrigo
jam 13.00, menyusul Angelita yang sudah ada di dalam. Siang itu, seperti janji
eksekutor, Rodrigo diberi kesempatan untuk berkomunikasi dengan ibunya serta
saudara-saudaranya yang berada di Brasil dengan fasilitas telepon dari Kejagung,
hal itu dianggap sebagai salah satu permintaan Rodrigo melalui Angelita,
sepupunya. Pada sore hari, sebelum Angelita, Rm. Carolus dan Pak Leonardo
meninggalkan Rodrigo, mereka harus menandatangi pernyataan bahwa Rodrigo
menolak untuk dikremasi, dan meminta supaya jenazahnya dipulangkan kembali ke
9. Brasil. Hal itu oleh pihak eksekutor dianggap sebagai salah satu pemintaan terakhir
Rodrigo. Karena Rodrigo memang ingin sekali pulang ke Brasil, seperti yang
berulang kali dia katakan ketika Angelita dan saya membesuk dia, ketika masih di
Lapas Pasir Putih.
Hari Ketiga.
Hari Selasa, 28 April 2015 adalah hari terakhir bagi kami untuk bertemu
dengan Rodrigo, demikian juga bagi para terpidana mati lainnya, hari terakhir untuk
bertemu dengan anggota keluarganya, perwakilan kedutaannya, serta tim
pengacaranya. Pertemuan terakhir itu hanya diberi kesempatan hanya hingga jam
14.00. Ketika Rodrigo muncul menemui kami, dia mengatakan, “Maaf ya… saya
sudah merepotkan kalian semua, Angelita, Leonardo, Rm. Carolus, dan kamu,
Christina, juga lawyer lainnya.” Hampir bersamaan kami jawab, “Tidak apa-apa.”
Lalu, Rodrigo cerita panjang lebar tentang mimpinya, yang di dalamnya tersirat
bahwa dia menyalahkan diri sendiri.” Saya hanya menatap dia terus dengan
kesadaran saya tidak akan lagi melihat dia masih hidup besok. Sesekali, Rodrigo
melihat ke arah saya. Lalu, tiba-tiba dia berkata, “Christina, kamu juga pasti lelah
sekali ya.” Saya jawab, “Tidak, Rodrigo.” Dia katakan, sambal tersenyum, “Ya, kamu
kelihatan lelah sekali.” Saya selalu ingat cara dia tersenyum dan menguatkan saya.
Kesempatan itu saya gunakan untuk menyampaikan sesuatu pada dia, “Rodrigo
terima kasih ya… Kamu adalah klien yang tebaik yang pernah saya jumpai dalam
hidup saya. Kamu mengajari saya supaya saya harus ingat pada binatang ketika
saya sedang makan buah-buahan.“ Rodrigo menanggapi dengan menggelengkan
kepalanya sambil tersenyum.
Beberapa detik sebelum berpisah, karena waktu besuk kami sudah habis,
kami berpelukan satu per satu dengan Rodrigo, saya tidak bisa berkata apa-apa dan
tanpa kusadari mata saya sudah mulai berkaca-kaca. Rodrigo mengatakan “Don’t
cry, Christina. Thank you.”
Suasana histeris, tangisan anggota keluarga dari 9 para Narapidana yang
akan dieksekusi mati, menjadi kenangan kepedihan mendalam yang tidak pernah
bisa dilupakan oleh siapapun yang ada dalam Lapas Besi pada siang hari itu,
termasuk para eksekutornya. Angelita selalu memeluk mesra adik sepupunya
terkasih sambil menunggu giliran untuk dipisahkan oleh petugas. Ibunda Andrew
10. Chan dan saudara-saudaranya menangis tanpa henti, demikian juga ibu dari Myuran
Sukumaran serta adik perempuannya. Tangis mereka sangat menyayat perasaan
saya, belum lagi Mary Jane sendiri yang marah-marah sambil menangis karena
tidak diberitahu sebelumnya bahwa siang itu hanya diberikan waktu hanya sampai
dengan jam 14.00. Tidak tega saya melihat kedua anak Mary Jane yang masing
kecil-kecil harus menyaksikan kepedihan yang mendalam siang itu. Untuk
menguatkan batin saya, saya mencoba berkomunikasi dengan Sang Pencipta,
“Tuhan, seandainya saja semua orang yang menyetujui hukuman mati di bumi
Indonesia ini menyaksikan atau bahkan mengalami semua ini, pasti merekalah yang
akan meminta supaya hukuman mati segera dihapuskan dari bumi Indonesia
tercinta ini.”
Sebelum kembali ke Sodong, kami berempat masih menunggu barang-
barang yang sangat pribadi milik Rodrigo yang diantarkan oleh petugas Lapas Pasir
Putih ke Lapas Besi untuk kami bawa pulang. Hal itu atas permintaan Angelita.
Kepedihan mendalam masih harus kami lalui sekali lagi, karena malam itu
sejak jam 20.00 hingga jam 00.35 dini hari, Angelita, Pak Leonardo dan saya di Pos
penyeberangan Sodong, Nusakambangan, harus menanti saat-saat pelaksanaan
eksekusi mati bagi 9 terpidana mati -yang sudah menjadi seperti saudara bagi kami-
di hadapan regu tembak di dalam pulau Nusakambangan, tepatnya berlokasi di
belakang Pos Polisi, kira-kira 2 km dari Sodong. Tepat jam 24.00 kami melihat
deretan mobil-mobil yang membawa para terpidana dengan para pendamping rohani
masing-masing dari kejauhan yang bisa kami lihat dengan jelas dari sisi kiri pos
Sodong, karena di kegelapan sinar lampu mobil-mobil itu menjadi jelas sekali. Sejak
mereka mematikan lampu, kami semua keluarga yang menanti di Sodong
menyalakan lilin untuk mereka yang akan dieksekusi dan bagi yang sudah
dieksekusi pada bulan Januari lalu. Kami semua duduk di depan lilin-lilin itu, sambil
berdoa sesuai dengan agama dan bahasa masing-masing. Saya berdoa Rosario
sambil mencoba menguatkan diri untuk mendengarkan hal terburuk yang akan kami
dengar. Akhirnya, 30 menit kemudian kami mendengar rentetan tembakan seperti
bunyi petasan kecil itu… dan setelah itu bunyi tembakan terkeras bersamaan dan
hanya sekali saja,
“Dor!”
11. Serempak kami semua menjerit bersama dan melampiaskan tangisan kami
masing-masing sambil bergandengan tangan satu sama lain. Rasanya badan saya
seperti melayang sejenak dan saya memeluk Angelita untuk saling menguatkan.
Saya hanya sanggup mengatakan, “I am so sorry Angelita, I am so sorry.” Lalu,
Angelita, dalam tangisnya, mencoba menguatkan saya. Karena syok, saya tidak
mendengar lagi apa yang dikatakan Angelita. “Tuhan, ampunilah saya yang tidak
bisa menolong Rodrigo terlepas dari eksekusi di hadapan regu tembak itu”, hanya
hal itu saja yang saya ucapkan dalam hati saya, sambil menangis terus menerus
dalam keheningan malam itu. Saat itu, saya membayangkan tubuh Rodrigo
tertunduk telah mati tak berdaya di tiang kayu yang telah diikatkan sangat erat
dengan tubuhnya. Saya bisikkan kata-kata, “Selamat jalan, Rodrigo, saudaraku
terkasih. Kamu akan langsung menikmati kebahagiaan bersama Allah di Surga.
Doakan kami, ya, Rodrigo.”
Kepedihanku bertambah ketika, akhirnya pada sekitar pukul 4.00 pagi lebih,
kami bertiga, Angelita dipapah Rm. Carolus dan saya harus menyaksikan Rodrigo
Gularte yang sudah terbujur kaku di dalam ambulans. Kami harus memastikan
bahwa benar dia adalah Rodrigo yang sangat kami sayangi itu. “Ya Tuhanku dan
Allahku.” Hanya itu yang bisa keluar dari bibirku, saat melihat Rodrigo sudah terbujur
kaku. Tidak ada lagi senyum yang rupanya selama ini telah menguatkan aku.
“Selamat jalan, Rodrigo. Rest in peace, Rodrigo.”
Pengalaman pahit itu membuat saya merasa tidak berguna sama sekali
sebagai pengacara, alias saya telah gagal total menjadi pengacara untuk klien saya,
seseorang yang masih menderita kejiwaan skizofrenia dan bipolar disorder, tetap
tereksekusi di hadapan regu tembak di Pulau Nusakambangan.
Akhirnya aku bisa selesaikan tulisan ini, meskipun kepedihan itu menjadi terkuak
kembali, yang selama ini tidak pernah bisa saya memulai untuk menuliskannya.
Terima kasih atas support dan kepercayaan dari Angelita terkasih dan Ayu
(ELSAM), sehingga tulisan ini bisa saya selesaikan dengan baik.
Cilacap, 7 Juli 2015.
Christina Widiantarti, S.H.
Bekerja di YSBS dan untuk JPIC-OMI Provinsi Indonesia.