This document provides information about organized crime by Thug gangs in 19th century India. Some key points:
- Thug gangs numbering over 100 prowled India's highways and killed an estimated 40,000 travelers annually through deception and strangulation as part of a religious ritual.
- Major General Sir William Henry Sleeman led the newly formed Department for the Suppression of Thuggee and achieved great success, sending thousands of Thugs to be hanged, transported, or imprisoned by 1840.
- Sleeman was praised for his extraordinary efforts and success in eliminating the Thug menace through effective policing strategies and legal procedures, where previous lack of communication and jurisdiction had allowed the Th
This document provides information about a book of essays on 19th century India by Rajesh Rampal. It will be displayed at the London Book Fair 2013 from April 15-17. The foreword discusses Rampal as an author who combines facts with personal insights and criticisms in his diverse essays on topics like the siege of Delhi in 1857, famines in colonial India, and the suppression of the Thuggee cult. The essays examine the turmoil in India under East India Company rule. The document also provides ordering information and background on Rampal and his other published work on Thuggee.
The document discusses the beliefs and way of life of Native Americans before the arrival of European settlers. It describes their spiritual beliefs including the Great Spirit, respect for nature, and belief that land could not be owned. It discusses the roles of medicine men and importance of rituals and dances. It also describes the central role of the buffalo in providing food, shelter, tools and having cultural significance. Horses later became an important symbol of wealth and hunting, though they also contributed to changes in Native American lifestyle and relationship with the land.
The American West from 1840-1895 saw the movement of white settlers westward and the decline of Native American tribes. The Plains had an extreme climate that made farming difficult with little rain and resources. Plains Indians like the Sioux lived nomadic lifestyles centered around buffalo hunting. Early pioneers faced many hardships on wagon trains west while Mormons fled religious persecution and established Salt Lake City. The Gold Rush of 1849 drew many prospectors but little gold was found. Ranching and cattle drives dominated the late 1800s until the development of barbed wire and railroads. Conflicts arose as groups competed for land, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 that largely ended Native American resistance.
The History, War & Politics Quiz - NSIT Quiz Fest - 2013Sumit Bhagat
Here are the key details from the passage:
- X was a famous 15th century Italian artist and polymath (a person of wide-ranging knowledge or learning).
- Little is known about his early life, except for a story that as a schoolboy he showed his dislike of despots (absolute rulers) by quarreling with his schoolmaster.
- He went on to have a very successful career as an artist and architect in Florence, Italy. Some of his most famous works include the dome of Florence Cathedral and the design of the city of Pienza.
- X is widely considered to be one of the greatest masters of Italian Renaissance art. His work had a significant influence on later Western art.
The African Burial Ground and the History of Slavery in New York CityBob Mayer
At one point, New York City was second only to Charleston in the number of slaves. When Wall Street was actually a defensive wall, half-freed blacks formed a community north of it, outside the wall. They were denied, by law, from burying in the city so had their own burial ground. What happened to it?
Common Denominators in Successful Female Statecraft: The Political Legacies o...gumstaff
The document summarizes common attributes of three historically successful female leaders: Queen Elizabeth I of England, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain. All three women came from politically influential fathers but comparatively passive mothers. As leaders, they were not constrained by male consorts and crafted powerful public images tied to national symbols. Each had a single defining event that boosted their legitimacy and political strength - Elizabeth defeating the Spanish Armada, Gandhi overseeing the independence of Bangladesh, and Thatcher's victory in the Falklands War.
This document presents a politics quiz with various connect rounds and questions about political events, terms, people and concepts. It includes exhaustive lists of leaders who came to power through coups, constituencies represented by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and details about Uttam Khobragade and his daughter Devyani who was embroiled in controversy. The quiz tests knowledge on a wide range of domestic and international political topics.
This document provides information about a book of essays on 19th century India by Rajesh Rampal. It will be displayed at the London Book Fair 2013 from April 15-17. The foreword discusses Rampal as an author who combines facts with personal insights and criticisms in his diverse essays on topics like the siege of Delhi in 1857, famines in colonial India, and the suppression of the Thuggee cult. The essays examine the turmoil in India under East India Company rule. The document also provides ordering information and background on Rampal and his other published work on Thuggee.
The document discusses the beliefs and way of life of Native Americans before the arrival of European settlers. It describes their spiritual beliefs including the Great Spirit, respect for nature, and belief that land could not be owned. It discusses the roles of medicine men and importance of rituals and dances. It also describes the central role of the buffalo in providing food, shelter, tools and having cultural significance. Horses later became an important symbol of wealth and hunting, though they also contributed to changes in Native American lifestyle and relationship with the land.
The American West from 1840-1895 saw the movement of white settlers westward and the decline of Native American tribes. The Plains had an extreme climate that made farming difficult with little rain and resources. Plains Indians like the Sioux lived nomadic lifestyles centered around buffalo hunting. Early pioneers faced many hardships on wagon trains west while Mormons fled religious persecution and established Salt Lake City. The Gold Rush of 1849 drew many prospectors but little gold was found. Ranching and cattle drives dominated the late 1800s until the development of barbed wire and railroads. Conflicts arose as groups competed for land, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 that largely ended Native American resistance.
The History, War & Politics Quiz - NSIT Quiz Fest - 2013Sumit Bhagat
Here are the key details from the passage:
- X was a famous 15th century Italian artist and polymath (a person of wide-ranging knowledge or learning).
- Little is known about his early life, except for a story that as a schoolboy he showed his dislike of despots (absolute rulers) by quarreling with his schoolmaster.
- He went on to have a very successful career as an artist and architect in Florence, Italy. Some of his most famous works include the dome of Florence Cathedral and the design of the city of Pienza.
- X is widely considered to be one of the greatest masters of Italian Renaissance art. His work had a significant influence on later Western art.
The African Burial Ground and the History of Slavery in New York CityBob Mayer
At one point, New York City was second only to Charleston in the number of slaves. When Wall Street was actually a defensive wall, half-freed blacks formed a community north of it, outside the wall. They were denied, by law, from burying in the city so had their own burial ground. What happened to it?
Common Denominators in Successful Female Statecraft: The Political Legacies o...gumstaff
The document summarizes common attributes of three historically successful female leaders: Queen Elizabeth I of England, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain. All three women came from politically influential fathers but comparatively passive mothers. As leaders, they were not constrained by male consorts and crafted powerful public images tied to national symbols. Each had a single defining event that boosted their legitimacy and political strength - Elizabeth defeating the Spanish Armada, Gandhi overseeing the independence of Bangladesh, and Thatcher's victory in the Falklands War.
This document presents a politics quiz with various connect rounds and questions about political events, terms, people and concepts. It includes exhaustive lists of leaders who came to power through coups, constituencies represented by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and details about Uttam Khobragade and his daughter Devyani who was embroiled in controversy. The quiz tests knowledge on a wide range of domestic and international political topics.
Pirates have existed throughout history, raiding ships and towns. Modern pirates still attack ships off the coasts of Africa, South America, and Asia, though their tactics have changed. Real historic pirates, unlike those in movies and books, often rebelled against cruel ship conditions and created democratic societies aboard ships. Three of the most famous pirates were Henry Morgan, Henry Avery, and Blackbeard, though most pirates only raided successfully for a few years before being killed or captured.
The document discusses various policies and events relating to Native American removal and assimilation between 1862-1900, including the Homestead Act of 1862, Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, Battle of Little Bighorn, Crazy Horse's surrender, Sitting Bull's resistance, Dawes Act of 1887, Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, and assimilationist policies in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Key figures mentioned include Custer, Sherman, Sheridan, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and Richard Pratt. The document examines both the intentions and impacts of these policies, which
Slavery - What You Have Never Been ToldPeter Hammond
This document provides a summary of the Islamic slave trade compared to the Transatlantic slave trade. It notes that the Islamic slave trade lasted 14 centuries and transported at least 28 million Africans compared to around 11 million in the Transatlantic trade. Conditions were far worse in the Islamic trade, with 80-90% mortality rates during transport compared to 10% in the Transatlantic trade. The sexual exploitation and castration of male slaves was also more common. In contrast to Christian abolitionists, there was no comparable opposition to slavery within the Muslim world.
This document appears to be a quiz with multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions covering a wide range of topics including films, literature, history, science and pop culture. Some of the questions require identifying people, places, events, songs, films and more based on clues and contextual information provided.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a collection of essays on 19th century India. It discusses several topics covered in the essays, including Pindaris, Thugs, the Indian police, "Wolf Boys", the 1857 uprising in Delhi and Lucknow, and famines in colonial India. The foreword provides background on author Rajesh Rampal and how he came to compile this eclectic anthology of essays on Indian history, combining both academic work and his own research and perspectives. It describes Rampal as a knowledgeable enthusiast and admirer of the British army who is not afraid of criticism where deserved. The essays aim to shed light on the turbulent times in 18th-19th century India under East India Company
Management lessons from Rani of JhansiShreya Sethi
The document summarizes key management lessons that can be learned from Rani Lakshmibai's defense of Jhansi against the British in 1858. Some lessons include involving teams in decision making to gain buy-in, selecting personnel based on skills regardless of attributes, being flexible and able to adapt strategies, and rewarding risk-taking to maintain morale. Despite advising her allies on strategy, Rani Lakshmibai's leadership was undermined by others' unwillingness to heed her advice, contributing to their eventual defeat. An overall lesson is that organizations must learn from both successes and failures to withstand challenges over the long run.
Brochure (complete detail as of 12 dec-2010)Zaid Hamid
This document provides a summary of Zaid Hamid's media activities and publications from 2007-2010. It discusses his defense analysis programs on various TV channels where he discussed issues facing Pakistan such as CIA threats, Zionist wars on Islam, and economic terrorism. It outlines his inspirational speech tours across Pakistan in 2009-2010 that awakened patriotism. The document summarizes Zaid Hamid's role in establishing the think tank BrassTacks and their publications. It provides an overview of his significant media presence and impact in awakening the Pakistani youth.
Revisit the Three Kingdoms was a quarterly issue ezine on China's Three Kingdoms era. It was created as part of Romancing Cathay which was a group of people interested in playing and introducing games about Ancient China. There were many impressive and exciting tall tales, legends, myths, and historical events that we believed would fascinate players world-wide. Our goal was to introduce these captivating stories in various game formats. In addition, we felt that through playing games, people would become more curious in learning more about China.
Content
Looking Back, Looking Forward
Cao Cao's Ambition , part 5 of 9
Art of Propriety
Yu Jin, General of Tiger's Awe
Zhou Yun, the Artful General
Reference and Resources
There was a plan do a Kickstarter for the romance of the three kingdoms table top role playing game. Preview ad is @
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/sanguine/1817858762?token=79efaf43
This is a review of "Bitter Lake", a documentary produced by Adam Curtis in 2015 where he talks about Afghanistan and its effect on countries are strongly related to its affairs.
The document discusses the Komagata Maru incident of 1914, in which a ship carrying 376 Indian migrants was denied entry by Canadian authorities and forced to return to India. It explores how Canada had immigration policies from Confederation aimed at excluding non-white immigrants to maintain a "white Canada." The Komagata Maru was turned away due to the Continuous Journey Regulation of 1908, which appeared fair but was effectively used to exclude people from India. As a result, the passengers were held virtually prisoner on the ship in Vancouver harbor for months before being forced to return. The document examines how this incident revealed Canada's exclusionary immigration policies and preference for white immigrants until the late 1940s.
This document discusses the genocide of California Native Americans that occurred following European contact and settlement. It notes that the indigenous population declined by 90-95% (around 130 million people) in just 200 years after 1492. It describes the concept of "Manifest Destiny" which was used to justify the expansion and conquest of Native lands in North America by white settlers. It criticizes this belief and the actions taken against indigenous peoples as a means for white settlers to compensate for their genetic weakness as albinos and prove their superiority. The document examines accounts from early Spanish explorers and missionaries about their interactions with and views of Native Californians.
My first attempt on creating ezine that focused on Three Kingdoms period in China back in early 2000s.
Contents included
- Story of Cao Cao (Part 1 of 9)
- Army Structure During Three Kingdoms Period
- Lu Bu: East and West views
- Review of games with Three Kingdoms theme
This document is an excerpt from the American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1843. It includes summaries of two deaths - James Forten, a free black man who was a prominent abolitionist in Philadelphia, and William Costin, a respected free black man who was a porter at the Bank of Washington for 24 years. It also includes predictions of eclipses for the year and a brief chronology item about the formation of the New England Anti-Slavery Society in 1832.
A Lot of Assorted Nonsense About Afghanistan From Eric MargolisAgha A
This document provides commentary and analysis regarding the British Empire's involvement in Afghanistan. It discusses the failed British invasion of Afghanistan in the 19th century and the recent US-led NATO mission in Afghanistan. Major points made include:
- The British retreat from Kabul in 1842 involved a brigade of 700 British troops and 4,500 Indian troops retreating in harsh conditions and being attacked by over 30,000 Afghans.
- The US goal in Afghanistan was to gain bases near Central Asian oil and block China, but after 11 years and $1 trillion, this effort failed, representing a military and political defeat for the US.
- Remaining US troops in Afghanistan after 2014 withdrawals may face attacks from Pasht
Revisiting the Three Kingdoms Quarterly is a pdf ezine dedicated to the advocacy and increase general awareness of Romance of the Three Kingdoms period.
Historical Articles:
Cao Cao's Ambition
Jiao, Shen, and Ling
Dong Zhuo, the Tyran
Peach Garden Oath theme deck
FUDGE - Revisiting the Three Kingdoms in a nutshell
Revisit the Three Kingdoms was a quarterly issue ezine on China's Three Kingdoms era. It was created as part of Romancing Cathay which was a group of people interested in playing and introducing games about Ancient China. There were many impressive and exciting tall tales, legends, myths, and historical events that we believed would fascinate players world-wide. Our goal was to introduce these captivating stories in various game formats. In addition, we felt that through playing games, people would become more curious in learning more about China.
Content
Sorry for the Delay
Cao Cao's Ambition , part 5b of 9
Zhange He, the Marquis of Strength
Zhou Yun, the Artful General
Adventure at Qian-tong
Web Reference
Catalog
Romance of the The Kingdoms Manga Volume I Sneak Peak
The document provides information on various topics related to Indian history and culture. It discusses how Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service. It also provides facts about the Indian defense forces and discusses historical events like the Battle of Cawnpore during the Indian Mutiny. Additionally, it shares interesting facts about religions in India, the oldest university being established in India, and places deriving their names from Sanskrit words.
1. The document provides instructions for requesting writing help from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form, reviewing writer bids, authorizing payment, and requesting revisions.
2. Users must first create an account, then complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. Writers will bid on the request and the user can choose a writer based on qualifications.
3. The user receives the paper, ensures it meets expectations, and authorizes payment. HelpWriting.net allows free revisions and stands by providing original, high-quality content or offering a full refund.
Mocomi TimePass The Magazine - Issue 95Mocomi Kids
Did you know the moose is a natural swimmer and knows how to do so from birth? Learn more amazing facts about this majestic animal in Mocomi TimePass Magazine Issue 95. Every issue has something fun for everyone. In each magazine you will find folktales, trivia, puzzles, health tips, jokes and much more!!
Pirates have existed throughout history, raiding ships and towns. Modern pirates still attack ships off the coasts of Africa, South America, and Asia, though their tactics have changed. Real historic pirates, unlike those in movies and books, often rebelled against cruel ship conditions and created democratic societies aboard ships. Three of the most famous pirates were Henry Morgan, Henry Avery, and Blackbeard, though most pirates only raided successfully for a few years before being killed or captured.
The document discusses various policies and events relating to Native American removal and assimilation between 1862-1900, including the Homestead Act of 1862, Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, Battle of Little Bighorn, Crazy Horse's surrender, Sitting Bull's resistance, Dawes Act of 1887, Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, and assimilationist policies in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Key figures mentioned include Custer, Sherman, Sheridan, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and Richard Pratt. The document examines both the intentions and impacts of these policies, which
Slavery - What You Have Never Been ToldPeter Hammond
This document provides a summary of the Islamic slave trade compared to the Transatlantic slave trade. It notes that the Islamic slave trade lasted 14 centuries and transported at least 28 million Africans compared to around 11 million in the Transatlantic trade. Conditions were far worse in the Islamic trade, with 80-90% mortality rates during transport compared to 10% in the Transatlantic trade. The sexual exploitation and castration of male slaves was also more common. In contrast to Christian abolitionists, there was no comparable opposition to slavery within the Muslim world.
This document appears to be a quiz with multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions covering a wide range of topics including films, literature, history, science and pop culture. Some of the questions require identifying people, places, events, songs, films and more based on clues and contextual information provided.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a collection of essays on 19th century India. It discusses several topics covered in the essays, including Pindaris, Thugs, the Indian police, "Wolf Boys", the 1857 uprising in Delhi and Lucknow, and famines in colonial India. The foreword provides background on author Rajesh Rampal and how he came to compile this eclectic anthology of essays on Indian history, combining both academic work and his own research and perspectives. It describes Rampal as a knowledgeable enthusiast and admirer of the British army who is not afraid of criticism where deserved. The essays aim to shed light on the turbulent times in 18th-19th century India under East India Company
Management lessons from Rani of JhansiShreya Sethi
The document summarizes key management lessons that can be learned from Rani Lakshmibai's defense of Jhansi against the British in 1858. Some lessons include involving teams in decision making to gain buy-in, selecting personnel based on skills regardless of attributes, being flexible and able to adapt strategies, and rewarding risk-taking to maintain morale. Despite advising her allies on strategy, Rani Lakshmibai's leadership was undermined by others' unwillingness to heed her advice, contributing to their eventual defeat. An overall lesson is that organizations must learn from both successes and failures to withstand challenges over the long run.
Brochure (complete detail as of 12 dec-2010)Zaid Hamid
This document provides a summary of Zaid Hamid's media activities and publications from 2007-2010. It discusses his defense analysis programs on various TV channels where he discussed issues facing Pakistan such as CIA threats, Zionist wars on Islam, and economic terrorism. It outlines his inspirational speech tours across Pakistan in 2009-2010 that awakened patriotism. The document summarizes Zaid Hamid's role in establishing the think tank BrassTacks and their publications. It provides an overview of his significant media presence and impact in awakening the Pakistani youth.
Revisit the Three Kingdoms was a quarterly issue ezine on China's Three Kingdoms era. It was created as part of Romancing Cathay which was a group of people interested in playing and introducing games about Ancient China. There were many impressive and exciting tall tales, legends, myths, and historical events that we believed would fascinate players world-wide. Our goal was to introduce these captivating stories in various game formats. In addition, we felt that through playing games, people would become more curious in learning more about China.
Content
Looking Back, Looking Forward
Cao Cao's Ambition , part 5 of 9
Art of Propriety
Yu Jin, General of Tiger's Awe
Zhou Yun, the Artful General
Reference and Resources
There was a plan do a Kickstarter for the romance of the three kingdoms table top role playing game. Preview ad is @
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/sanguine/1817858762?token=79efaf43
This is a review of "Bitter Lake", a documentary produced by Adam Curtis in 2015 where he talks about Afghanistan and its effect on countries are strongly related to its affairs.
The document discusses the Komagata Maru incident of 1914, in which a ship carrying 376 Indian migrants was denied entry by Canadian authorities and forced to return to India. It explores how Canada had immigration policies from Confederation aimed at excluding non-white immigrants to maintain a "white Canada." The Komagata Maru was turned away due to the Continuous Journey Regulation of 1908, which appeared fair but was effectively used to exclude people from India. As a result, the passengers were held virtually prisoner on the ship in Vancouver harbor for months before being forced to return. The document examines how this incident revealed Canada's exclusionary immigration policies and preference for white immigrants until the late 1940s.
This document discusses the genocide of California Native Americans that occurred following European contact and settlement. It notes that the indigenous population declined by 90-95% (around 130 million people) in just 200 years after 1492. It describes the concept of "Manifest Destiny" which was used to justify the expansion and conquest of Native lands in North America by white settlers. It criticizes this belief and the actions taken against indigenous peoples as a means for white settlers to compensate for their genetic weakness as albinos and prove their superiority. The document examines accounts from early Spanish explorers and missionaries about their interactions with and views of Native Californians.
My first attempt on creating ezine that focused on Three Kingdoms period in China back in early 2000s.
Contents included
- Story of Cao Cao (Part 1 of 9)
- Army Structure During Three Kingdoms Period
- Lu Bu: East and West views
- Review of games with Three Kingdoms theme
This document is an excerpt from the American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1843. It includes summaries of two deaths - James Forten, a free black man who was a prominent abolitionist in Philadelphia, and William Costin, a respected free black man who was a porter at the Bank of Washington for 24 years. It also includes predictions of eclipses for the year and a brief chronology item about the formation of the New England Anti-Slavery Society in 1832.
A Lot of Assorted Nonsense About Afghanistan From Eric MargolisAgha A
This document provides commentary and analysis regarding the British Empire's involvement in Afghanistan. It discusses the failed British invasion of Afghanistan in the 19th century and the recent US-led NATO mission in Afghanistan. Major points made include:
- The British retreat from Kabul in 1842 involved a brigade of 700 British troops and 4,500 Indian troops retreating in harsh conditions and being attacked by over 30,000 Afghans.
- The US goal in Afghanistan was to gain bases near Central Asian oil and block China, but after 11 years and $1 trillion, this effort failed, representing a military and political defeat for the US.
- Remaining US troops in Afghanistan after 2014 withdrawals may face attacks from Pasht
Revisiting the Three Kingdoms Quarterly is a pdf ezine dedicated to the advocacy and increase general awareness of Romance of the Three Kingdoms period.
Historical Articles:
Cao Cao's Ambition
Jiao, Shen, and Ling
Dong Zhuo, the Tyran
Peach Garden Oath theme deck
FUDGE - Revisiting the Three Kingdoms in a nutshell
Revisit the Three Kingdoms was a quarterly issue ezine on China's Three Kingdoms era. It was created as part of Romancing Cathay which was a group of people interested in playing and introducing games about Ancient China. There were many impressive and exciting tall tales, legends, myths, and historical events that we believed would fascinate players world-wide. Our goal was to introduce these captivating stories in various game formats. In addition, we felt that through playing games, people would become more curious in learning more about China.
Content
Sorry for the Delay
Cao Cao's Ambition , part 5b of 9
Zhange He, the Marquis of Strength
Zhou Yun, the Artful General
Adventure at Qian-tong
Web Reference
Catalog
Romance of the The Kingdoms Manga Volume I Sneak Peak
The document provides information on various topics related to Indian history and culture. It discusses how Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service. It also provides facts about the Indian defense forces and discusses historical events like the Battle of Cawnpore during the Indian Mutiny. Additionally, it shares interesting facts about religions in India, the oldest university being established in India, and places deriving their names from Sanskrit words.
1. The document provides instructions for requesting writing help from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form, reviewing writer bids, authorizing payment, and requesting revisions.
2. Users must first create an account, then complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. Writers will bid on the request and the user can choose a writer based on qualifications.
3. The user receives the paper, ensures it meets expectations, and authorizes payment. HelpWriting.net allows free revisions and stands by providing original, high-quality content or offering a full refund.
Mocomi TimePass The Magazine - Issue 95Mocomi Kids
Did you know the moose is a natural swimmer and knows how to do so from birth? Learn more amazing facts about this majestic animal in Mocomi TimePass Magazine Issue 95. Every issue has something fun for everyone. In each magazine you will find folktales, trivia, puzzles, health tips, jokes and much more!!
The document provides information about the Nomadic Empire, also known as the Mongol Empire, and Genghis Khan, who was instrumental in establishing the empire. It discusses how Genghis Khan unified various nomadic tribes in Mongolia and began a campaign of conquest that expanded the empire across Asia and into Eastern Europe. By the time of his death in 1227, Genghis Khan had established the largest contiguous land empire in history that spanned from the Sea of Japan to the Caspian Sea. The empire had a significant impact by encouraging trade, spreading innovations, and establishing religious tolerance across Eurasia.
The document discusses how the Gospel writer John uses the Greek word "logos" to describe Jesus. Rather than conforming to Greek philosophical assumptions about logos, John presents Jesus as an alternative logos that confronts those assumptions. It goes on to say that according to John, the logos is not strife but love, not war but friendship. The document then examines how the Word became flesh through Jesus living among and ministering to people.
The document discusses a strange research paper submitted to the 103rd Indian Science Congress in 2016. The paper argued that a certain individual was the world's greatest environmentalist, though it did not provide strong evidence. The author of the paper was Dr. Akilesh Pandey, who believed this individual to be the greatest environmentalist but did not substantiate his claim with evidence.
I apologize, but I do not have enough context to identify what X and Y refer to in this passage. Could you please provide some additional details or context clues?
Rajesh Rampal is seeking a book distributor or bookshop to help sell his books and for whom he can help sell other books. He has expertise in presenting on various history and military topics, as evidenced by the positive feedback provided. Some of the topics he can present on include organized crime in 19th century India, the siege of Delhi in 1857, the battle of Lucknow in 1857, and lessons for business from historical battles. He is willing to do presentations to help promote book sales and create author events. He is looking to establish a mutually beneficial partnership.
- The document appears to be a quiz with answers on topics related to India.
- It includes questions about famous towns, movies, historical figures, monuments, and other trivia related to Indian culture, history and current events.
- The questions are multiple choice or require naming people, places, events, etc. based on clues provided in the questions.
The document provides details about several people and events:
1. Mulk Raj Anand was an Indian novelist and journalist who wrote propaganda for the Indian independence movement in London and supported other freedom struggles around the world.
2. Beena Das was a Bengali revolutionary who attempted to assassinate the Governor of Bengal in 1932 but failed and was imprisoned.
3. Ken Saro-Wiwa was a Nigerian activist executed in 1995 for protesting environmental damage caused by oil companies in Ogoniland.
4. General Sani Abacha was the military leader of Nigeria who died of a heart attack allegedly due to poisoning by political rivals.
Theodora rose from humble beginnings as the daughter of a bear trainer to become the influential wife of Byzantine Emperor Justinian. She began her career as an actress and courtesan in Constantinople but found religion and became a supporter of the Monophysite Christian faith. Justinian respected Theodora's intelligence and appointed her as his advisor. As Empress, Theodora advocated for women's rights and the poor, influencing Justinian to pass progressive laws. She helped Justinian survive a major revolt in Constantinople and remained his closest advisor until her death in 548 CE, after which her influence over Justinian waned.
The document provides rules for a 20 question quiz including points awarded for correct answers and the quizmaster's final decision. It then lists 15 multiple choice questions about films, books, people, places and their connections along with the correct answers. The questions cover topics like the Terracotta Army, Martin Guptill, Joseph Pulitzer, Agatha Christie's disappearance and more.
This is a talk given as part of the Ecology, Cosmos & Consciousness series at the October Gallery, London, on 27th October 2009. It coincided with the launch of the book of the same title, which explores the history of the concept of the "Noble Savage", and its role in recent debates about primitive war, conservation among indigenous peoples, and the ways in which "evolutionary" models influence our sense of progress. More information can be found at http://dreamflesh.com/projects/war-noble-savage/ (Thanks to Mark Pilkington for doing the recording)
He offers to share related reference books and films with participants and provide guidance to British officers and civilians visiting 1857 historical sites in India. Rampal requests a response with a tentative date and details to apply for a visa to visit the UK.
Pirates originated as buccaneers on the island of Hispaniola who hunted wild animals and later took to raiding passing ships. In the 16th century, Spanish treasure ships transporting gold and silver from the New World to Europe attracted many pirates to the Caribbean region, known as the Spanish Main. During the late 1600s and early 1700s, the Golden Age of Piracy, European conflicts left colonial trade routes vulnerable to pillaging. As empires regained control in the 1720s, large navies were assembled to combat piracy. Notable pirates included Captain Morgan, Blackbeard, and women like Anne Bonny and Mary Read.
why so Qrious?? AFMC intercollegiate general quizMridul Janweja
this is the intercollegiate general quiz hosted at AFMC, pune on 20/02/12 as a part of the annual cultural fest- Silhouettes.
QMs- mridul janweja, saikat sarkar
The 100 Hour War began on July 14, 1969 when El Salvador launched an attack on Honduras. The Organization of American States negotiated a ceasefire on July 18, which took full effect on July 20. Salvadoran troops withdrew from Honduras in early August.
The Rod community of 230 villages in Haryana numbering around 600,000 people are believed to be descendants of the Maratha soldiers who survived the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. Research shows the Rods share surnames, customs, dialect words and practices with the Marathas. Though living in Haryana for centuries, the Rods retained aspects of Marathi culture and still express devotion to Chhatrapati Shivaji, indicating their lineage from the Maratha troops defeated at Panipat.
This letter concerns two annuities held by Rajesh Rampal with LIC of India. The letter provides details of the annuity policies and numbers. It mentions that documents such as a bank mandate, existence certificate, and cancelled cheque were sent previously by registered post but the records have not been updated. The letter requests that the date of birth on file be corrected to 13 October 1955 and for the documents to be processed to update both annuities in a timely manner. It expresses frustration with the outdated systems and lack of customer service at LIC.
This document discusses several cases of feral children who were raised by wild animals. It describes Mowgli from The Jungle Book, who was inspired by an article about a wolf boy. It then discusses Werner Freund, a 79-year old man in Germany who has raised close to 70 wolves at his wolf park over 40 years and sees himself as the pack's leader. It provides several examples of feral children found in India, Uganda, and Ukraine who were raised by wolves or monkeys and exhibited wild animal-like behaviors. It also discusses the famous cases of Kamala and Amala, two girls captured in India in 1920 who were raised by wolves and showed physical traits of wolves. Finally
The conference attended by the author seemed to be more of a bureaucratic exercise for the Indian government ministers rather than a substantive discussion on tourism issues. Buddhism could be a promising focus for religious tourism in India, particularly among European intellectual travelers. Key Buddhist sites that could be included in a circuit are Bodhgaya, Dharamsala, Nalanda, Rajgir, Patna, Sarnath, Shravasti, Lumbini, and Kushinagar, with the possibility of staying in monasteries. China is currently the top country for international tourism spending.
1) The document proposes a marketing plan by British Airways Tours to increase tourism between the UK and India through 2020 by offering packaged tours and holding visitors' hands during their travels in India.
2) A key part of the strategy is to organize traveling troupes in the UK featuring Indian culture, cuisine, and arts to promote tourism to India. Authorized tour operators would then sell pre-packaged tour options to interested visitors.
3) The plan aims to leverage the historical connections between the UK and India and pool resources between airlines, hotels, and tour operators to increase occupancy and profits for all involved businesses.
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are brief disturbances in the electrical functions of the brain. The assessment of epilepsy involves stabilizing the patient during a seizure by ensuring their airway, breathing, and circulation. Vital signs should be monitored and the duration of convulsions recorded. Underlying causes should be explored, such as eclampsia in pregnant women. Rectal diazepam can be used to stop prolonged seizures when IV access is not available. Status epilepticus requires management in a health facility with IV antiepileptic medications.
Rajesh Rampal has requested cancellation of his COP (Certificate of Practice) with ICAI (Institute of Chartered Accountants of India) due to security concerns. False tax returns have been filed in his name and personal details have been compromised. He provides evidence that returns were filed by unauthorized individuals falsely claiming to be him. He requests ICAI to cancel his COP immediately and ensure proper verification of members to prevent further fraud and impersonation.
The document provides information about the naturally formed Vayulingam at Sri Kalahasti temple in Andhra Pradesh, South India. It describes how the lingam is covered with 27 stars representing the 9 planets and 27 constellations. It discusses how people with sarp dosha or kal sarp yoga visit the temple to pray and remove their doshas. It provides details on fees for entry, special prayers for sarp dosha removal, and temple timings. It also summarizes the legend of how Rahu and Ketu originated from the demon Swarabhanu and the significance of praying at the temple to remove the negative effects of their placement in one's birth chart.
The document discusses the assault on Delhi by British forces in 1857 during the Indian Rebellion. It describes how the British force was significantly smaller than the defending Indian force but was still able to capture the city. The assault resulted in heavy casualties for the British forces but they were able to recapture Delhi on September 20th. The document emphasizes the importance of leadership, strategy, and innovative tactics demonstrated in this battle. It suggests there are management lessons that can be drawn from studying past military battles.
Rajesh Rampal writes a letter to Prof. K.V. Bhanumurthy regarding issues caused by the construction of a new four-story building. Materials and equipment from the construction have been dumped in Rampal's backyard, blocking access to the back door and resting on a gas pipeline. This poses safety hazards and could damage water pipes and drains. Rampal provides pictures showing the current state and requests that Bhanumurthy more closely supervise the construction to avoid further issues, noting the owner is ultimately responsible for how the contractor handles the work.
Rajesh Rampal deposited a cheque for Rs. 30,000 into his Zerodha trading account over a month ago on February 16th, 2017 but the funds were not credited to his account until March 14th, 2017. He has complained to Zerodha multiple times about the delay in crediting the funds and is dissatisfied with their explanations. Zerodha claims they did not receive details of the cheque deposit from the bank and can take up to 5 days to credit funds, but Rajesh insists they acknowledged receipt of his deposit email on the same day and is considering taking further action due to the long delay and lack of a satisfactory response from Zerodha.
1) State Bank of India (SBI) will enter the top 50 global banks league with a balance sheet size of Rs. 41 lakh crore following its merger with 5 associate banks and Bharatiya Mahila Bank.
2) The merger increases SBI's total employees to 2.77 lakh, customers to 50 crore, branches to over 25,000 and ATMs to 58,000. SBI's market share will increase to nearly 22% from 17%.
3) A customer describes poor treatment received from SBI staff when settling his deceased mother's bank account, including refusal to provide basic documents and incorrectly identifying him as the legal heir instead of nominee. He raises issues with the bank
The letter discusses concerns about rising cancer cases in the Vaishali colony in Delhi and their potential link to radiation from nearby cell phone towers. It notes that two towers have been installed in the area. While radiation levels are within government limits, some experts question the reliability of the self-reported compliance levels and recommend independent testing. The letter calls for forming a public health committee to monitor radiation levels and involve local residents. It provides links to research reports on the potential health effects of cell tower radiation.
Rajesh Rampal opened a savings account with HDFC Bank and deposited Rs. 50,000 by cheque. However, over a period of several days in late March and early April, his account balance was incorrectly shown as Rs. 5,000 online and in ATM withdrawals, preventing him from accessing his own funds. This caused significant problems and embarrassment for Rampal and his family. Despite complaining to the branch manager, Rampal received no satisfactory response or correction of the error from HDFC Bank.
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Bimla Rampal was born in 1927 in what is now Pakistan and moved to India after Partition in 1947. She married Gian Chand Rampal and they had three children. She was a voracious reader who enjoyed discussing literature, politics, and religion. Bimla completed pilgrimages to major Hindu sites across India and always encouraged kindness. She passed away but remained in the hearts of her family who aim to live virtuously in her memory.
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3) The poem provides vivid descriptions of the natural beauty and wildlife of the Himalayan mountains over 14 verses.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
1. Organised crime in the garb of religion in 19th Century
India -Thuggee
1
Any man’s death diminishes me,
Because I am involved in mankind
And therefore never send to know
For whom the bell tolls,
It tolls for thee.
John Donne
2. Organised crime in the garb of religion
in 19th Century India -Thuggee
2
Major General Sir William Henry Sleeman K. C. B.
(He made India’s roads safe for travel and commerce
and was instrumental in the abolition of Sati in India)
3. Organised crime in the garb of religion in
19th Century India -Thuggee
• The Thug Menace
• More than a hundred Thug gangs prowled India’s highways and
annually killed about 40,000 travellers in the early 19th
century. The
Thugs were held together by a perversion of religion that made killing a
part of worship. The gangs were knit together by a strange and bizarre
regimen of life, that destroyed their victims with a combination of guile
and cruelty almost unparalleled in the history of crime anywhere in the
world. The Thugs had been plying their trade undetected for nearly 500
years.
• K. F. Rustomji , Former D. G., B.S.F.
3
4. Organised crime in the garb of religion in
19th Century India -Thuggee
• Index
• A. Results of the Dept. of Thuggee
• B. Thugs & Modus Operandi
• C. Sir William H. Sleeman
• D. Strategy of the Dept. of Thuggee
• F. Plates -1.Thugs demonstrating 2. Sleeman 3. Theme map
depicting depradations. 4. Thug genealogical tree.
4
5. A. Results of The Department of Thuggee
The Department for the Suppression of Thuggee was founded on 10th
January 1835.
It was the first specialized department to be created in the world to tackle
Organised crime and also for rehabilitation of convicts and their progeny. By 1840
the following results had been achieved.
• Sent for trials ……………………… 3689
• Sentenced to be hanged …………….466
• Transported for Life ………………. 1564
• Imprisoned for Life ………………… 933
• Confined for various periods ……… 81
• Set free for good conduct …………… 86
• Escaped ……………………………….. 12
• Approvers …………………………….. 56
• Died before trials…………………… 208
• Acquitted………………………………… 97
• Balance ………………………………….186
5
6. B.Thugs
• Were members of a criminal religious society known to
have existed as early as 12th
century. Derived name from
sthag in Sanskrit - to conceal. They were worshippers of
Goddess Kali.
• More than a hundred gangs. A joint venture between
Hindus and Muslims.
• The sect of thugs had deep roots in Indian mythology
• Murder was committed with a degree of perfection. Clear-
cut responsibilities were laid out for each gang member-
Strangulator, Evidence concealer, the inveigler. The
leader/boss was titled Jemadar. His assistant carried the
sacred axe, the emblem of the Goddess and was the
omen reader/analyst/priest to the Gang.
6
7. Thugs…2
As per Samachar Darpan, a respectable newspaper of those
days, Thug gangs killed on an average 10,000 travellers every
year between Narbada and the Sutlej. The figure for the whole
of India was estimated to be 40,000 by Col. James Sleeman.
• Thugs had their own language with secret signs and fierce
loyalty towards each other. They were guided by omens.
How Thugs went undetected for Centuries
• Lack of communication and primitive modes of travel. No
census.
• Multiple states and jurisdiction issues.
• Prejudices to give evidence against thugs
• No evidence left behind by the Thugs
• Forward movement
• Protection from landlords /princes in return for blood money.
7
8. Thugs…3
Legend/Myth of Kali or Kan Kali /Rukt Beej Dana
Origin of the divine profession
(Changed from the original Durga Saptshati and Devi
Mahamatya by Thugs)
• Once on a time the world was infested with a monstrous demon
named Rukt Bij-dana, who devoured mankind as fast as they
were created. So gigantic was his stature, that the deepest pools
of the ocean reached no higher than his waist. Kali cut the
demon with her sword as ordained by Lord Siva, the Lord of
Destruction, but from every drop of blood that fell to the ground
there sprang a new demon. She went on destroying them, till the
hellish brood multiplied so fast that she waxed hot and weary
with her endless task. She paused for a while, and from the
sweat, brushed off one of her arms, she created two men, to
whom she gave a rumal, or handkerchief, and commanded them
to strangle the demons. When they had slain them all, they
offered to return the rumal, but the goddess bade them keep it
and transmit it to their posterity, with the injunction to destroy all
men who were not of their kindred.
8
9. Thugs…4
She condescended to present them with one of her teeth for a
pickaxe, a rib for a knife, and the hem of her skirt for a noose,
and ordered them, for the future, to cut and bury the bodies of
whom they destroyed. She also bade them to follow her
omens.
9
10. Thugs ….5
HISTORICAL REFERENCES
• Herodatus-Sagartii
• Assassins-Hassan-Ul-Sabbah
• Tarikhe Feroze Shahi by Zia-ud-din Burni (The History of
India as told by its Historians- Eliot and Dowson.)
• Monsieur Jean De Thevenot -French Traveler to India-
Voyage Contenant de La I’ndostan 1684 AD.
• Guru Nanak and Sajjan Thug of Multan
• Dr Sherwood-Asiatic Researches 1816 AD-On the Murderers
called Phansigars or Strangulators.
• General St. Leger – order dated 28th
April 1810 cautioning
troops going on leave to beware of Thugs.
10
11. Thugs-Modus Operandi
The Sotha or the inveigler would lure innocent travelers to accompany
them while travelling for mutual safety from robbers and wild animals. The
Thugs would masquerade as pilgrims or soldiers to ward off any
suspicion. The lughas -evidence concealers would travel in advance and
keep the Bels (Graves) ready for burying the victims at pre-designated
stops, sometimes even chosen at the spur of the moment. The Jemadar or
the leader would give the jhirni(signal) and the Bhatotes or strangulators
would position themselves and strangulate the victims in a trice with their
scarves. The Lughas would deprive the victim of all valuables, make
gashes in the victims stomach and fill the voids with mud to avoid the
body swelling up and coming up after burial. The Bel would be covered
and all traces /evidence removed. The gang moved ahead in search of
new victims. They hunted with deceit, only the two legged creature,
nothing else. Prayers, fasting, sacrifice to the goddess were rituals strictly
adhered to. They usually killed without any bloodshed as ordained.
Sikhs, barbers, carpenters, women, man with goat/cow, oil man ,
mutilated or handicapped man were exempted.
Similar to Garrotte –Godfather. Spain, France etc.
11
12. Thugs in captivity giving a demonstration
of their modus operandi.
Photo: Felice Beato 1855
• .
12
13. Viewer discretion is advised
• We are about to show a clip from the movie
• THE DECEIVERS
• by Merchant Ivory Productions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDskcfkKTrQ
• Director: Nicholas Meyer
Producer: Ismail Merchant
Screenplay: Michael Hirst, from the novel by John Masters
Photography: Walter Lassally
Music: John Scott
Editor: Richard Trevor
Production design: Ken Adam
Costumes: Jenny Beavan and John Bright
Executive producer: Michael White
Casting director: Celestia Fox and Jennifer Jaffrey
•
13
15. C. Sleeman
• Major General Sir William Henry Sleeman was a man of zeal and spirit far above
the ordinary and his extraordinary tenacity of purpose was in the final analysis
the reason why Thuggee could be eliminated. The legal procedures of the time
also helped a lot as they permitted quick and effective trials and deterrent
punishment to thugs
• K.F.Rustomji DG BSF (One of independent India's most respectable policeman)
– In the centenary issue of the Indian Police Journal –Thugs, Pindaris and
Dacoits.
• I am a retired police officer. As a philatelist specializing in police stamps, I have
brought out a special picture postcard on Sleeman, the greatest policeman who
ever lived, destroyed a cult, who were responsible for a million murders over
centuries. I am still interested in the exploits of great policemen of the past.
Sleeman is the greatest policeman of all times.
• Sidney Kitson (Indian Police Service 1954)
• To tackle terrorism, a federal unit like Sir W. H. Sleeman’s Anti-Thuggee force
should be created. Are our state leaders listening?
V. Balachandran I.P.S. (1959) (Sleeman’s List- Asian Age- 12 September 2006)
Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat.`
15
16. Sleeman
You shall be a great loss to the country in the administration of
which you have had so great a share and I know not how you
would be replaced in that work so important to humanity, of the
extirpation of the Thugs, which has been successfully carried on
towards its complete accomplishment under your especial
direction.
Believe me with great esteem and respect.
Very truly yours
William H. Bentinck
India's Governor General.
(In a letter to Sleeman on July 18,1834 written from Ootacamond
in his own handwriting.)
This letter was in response to Sleeman’s resignation on account
of persistent illness. Sleeman later withdrew his resignation.
16
17. Sleeman
Sir W. H. Sleeman was an accomplished Oriental linguist, well
versed in Arabic, Persian, Urdu as well as Latin, Greek and
French. His works afford many proofs of the keen interest which
he took in the sciences of Geology, Agricultural Chemistry and
Political Economy and of his intelligent appreciation of the
lessons taught by history. Nor was he insensible to the charms of
art, specially poetry. His knowledge of the customs and modes of
thought of the people of India, which has rarely been equalled and
never been surpassed was more than half the secret of his notable
success as an Administrator. The greatest achievement of his
unselfish and busy life was the suppression of the system of the
organized murder known as Thuggee and in the execution of that
prolonged and onerous task he displayed the most delicate tact,
the keenest sagacity and extraordinary power of organization
Vincent Arthur Smith I. C. S.
17
18. Sir William Henry Sleeman K.C.B.
(Sobriquet Thuggee Sleeman)
• William Henry Sleeman popularly known as Thuggee Sleeman was
the General Superintendent of the Department of Suppression of
Thugee and Dacoitee for the whole of India . Sleeman died at sea
(aboard the East India ship Monarch and was buried at sea) on
Sunday 10th
February 1856.
• He was knighted on 5th
February 1856 after 46 years of unbroken
service in India.
• Administrator-par excellence. Adept at Famine and epidemic
handling. Was easily accessible, sympathetic and
considerate. Action oriented. Decision maker.
• Environmentalist-planted fruit trees on both sides of the
roads for travelers for 86 miles.
18
19. Sleeman
• Agriculturist-Introduced the sugarcane, Saccharum
violaaceum from Mauritius in India and was awarded the
Gold medal by the Indian Agricultural Society.
• Religion-was a private affair but when he was not blessed
with a child even after four years of marriage he had no
qualms in visiting a shrine to seek blessings for a child. His
prayers were answered and Henry Arthur was born on
January 6th
1833. He donated land and money for the shrine.
The shrine still exists in the town of Sleemanabad in M.P. in
India, where people still revere him. He got married on 28th
June 1828 in Jabalpur at the Christchurch.
• Human-His views on the practice of Impressments and press
gangs, flogging, purveyance and on Slavery are well
documented in his books and show his Humanist nature.
• Policeman par excellence. Army Officer. Absolutely Spartan
in his habits.
19
20. Sleeman
• Wife- He married a French woman from an émigrés noble
family. Amélie Josephine Blandin de Chalain de Fontenne.
• Friendly nature-He was a master of many languages -Arabic,
Latin, English, French, Urdu, Persian and Greek. His mastery
over many Indian languages won him many friends in India.
• Author-his many works are for a serious reader only whether on
crime or economics or general administration.
• Social reformer-He banned the practice of Sati in Jabalpur
district in March 1828 on taking charge as a Collector of the
district. The EIC banned the practice vide Act XVI in December
1829 in the Bengal Presidency. The ban was extended to
Madras and Bombay presidencies much later.
20
21. Sleeman
He formed a school of Industry and a Factory with a high brick wall on the
periphery and sheds inside, where convicts carried and learnt alternate
various professions like blanket making, wick making, carpet weaving,
blacksmiths, dyers, spinners, carpenters .This was established in 1837. The
same premises house a vocational school these days in Jabalpur.
• A village for approvers was also set up and was surrounded by a mud wall.
They were however subject to surveillance. Captain Brown was responsible
for these reformatories. The Thugs interned here weaved a carpet 80 feet by
40 feet weighing two tons for Queen Victoria and this was taken to the
Waterloo Chambers in the Windsor Castle.
• Christchurch School and Jabalpur College in 1835.
• Three attempts were made on Sleeman’s life. He escaped on all occasions.
21
22. Sleeman
• Sleeman's wrote a number of books or reports e.g.
• Ramaaseana (785 pages) or the secret language of the Thugs and
measures taken by the Government to eradicate them.
• System of Megpunnaism (A rare form of thugee kidnapping for
ransom).
• Report on the Depredations of thug gangs of Upper and Central
India (549 pages)
• Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official (917 Pages)
• Bagree dacoits (433 pages)
• Journey through the Kingdom of Oudh (760 pages) and
• On the Doctrine of Ricardo.
-------------------------------------------------
• STUART N. GORDON’S VIEW ……
• Bobby –London Policeman’s nick name WHY?
22
23. D Strategy of the Deptt. of Thuggee
• Crime maps and genealogical trees. A meticulous study of all
approvers’ statements enabled them to draw up genealogical
trees and charts, obtain an accurate knowledge of the modus
operandi and the social practices of the Thugs and finally to
forecast movements and mark out criminals that had to be
sought out and arrested. Theme maps to eradicate cholera in
London were used in England in 1854. New York police
introduced in 1998 -Compstat system.
23
24. Strategy adopted by the Deptt. of Thuggee
Theme map of Thug Depradation -1836
24
25. Strategy adopted by the Deptt. of Thuggee –
Thug Genealogical Chart –Organisation Chart
SLEEMAN’S LIST
25
26. Strategy of the Thuggee Department
• Crime maps and genealogical
trees. A meticulous study of all
approvers’ statements enabled
them to draw up genealogical trees
and charts, obtain an accurate
knowledge of the modus operandi
and the social practices of the
Thugs and finally to forecast
movements and mark out criminals
that had to be sought out and
arrested. Theme maps to eradicate
cholera in London were used in
England in 1854. New York police
introduced in 1998 -Compstat
system. Thematic crime maps were
used in India in 1836!
26
27. Strategy adopted by the Deptt. of Thuggee
• Exradition treaties signed with Indian States by EIC.
• Approvers-The department relied on approvers for evidence and a
reprieve in return. This method was also used for the first time in India.
• Changes were incorporated in the Laws for severe and deterrent punishment,
removal of courts jurisdictions and punishment as per the Judge rather than
the dictate/fatwas of the Maulvis. Reference specially to the ACT XXX of 1836.
• Judges used to travel to the site of the crime and set up courts and decided the
criminal cases immediately. Punishments were immediately carried out.
• ACT XXX 1836
• 1. It is hereby enacted that whoever shall be proved to have belonged either
before or after passing of this act to have belonged to any gang of Thugs either
within or without the territories of the East India Company shall be punishable
with imprisonment for life with hard labour.
• 2. And it is hereby enacted that every person accused of the offence made
punishable by this ACT may be tried by any court ,which would have been
competent to try him,if this offence had been committed within the district of
that court sits ,anything to the contrary in any regulation not withstanding.
• 3. And it is hereby enacted that no court shall on trial of any person accused of
the offence made punishable by this Act require any futwah from any law
officer.
27
28. Strategy …2
• Informers: Even apprehended thugs were allowed freedom to
work inside a gang as informers in return for a reprieve.
Feringhea, the Royal Thug was apprehended on the basis of
informers. He turned approver and later on got a reprieve. He
died an ascetic on the banks of the Narbada. Amir Ali had killed
783 victims but had no remorse as he said he served the
Goddess. He had no remorse at having killed so many people.
• Patrolling: Use of the crime maps and the subsequent analysis
pointed out crime prone areas where patrolling was intensified
and checkpoints introduced.
• Mobility: Use of Cavalry by the policemen helped in greater
mobility. Some policemen distinguished themselves in
courageous deeds, which involved days of pursuit on
horseback.
• Firearm: Firearms were made available to the policemen.
28
29. Strategy…3
• Communication. Circulation of crime theme maps and
wanted criminals was a regular affair in the department.
Support of Lord William Bentinck -Governor General of
India. Sleeman's access to Indian languages and Ramasi
were added advantages. Easy accessibility to Sleeman, as
an administrator by the general public and his concern for
them were great assets to the deptt.
• Administration: Administration was getting a firm grip over
law and order and the police work in the thanas improved
considerably with no political interference and a motivated
police force.
• Recruitment: Sleeman selected and handpicked the best
men. A practice in vogue in the Intelligence Bureau till 1977
- earmarking scheme. First finger print bureau in the world?
29
30. History of Thuggee Deptt.
The Department of Thuggee was given additional
responsibility to neutralise organised gangs of dacoits. The
Department later became the agency for the collection and
collation of criminal intelligence, as also the rehabilitation of the
former thugs and dacoits. With the promulgation of the Police Act
1861, and the Provincial Governments being given the
responsibility for criminal administration, the Department lost
much of its relevance as an organisation to deal with serious
crimes. The foundation of the Indian Association by Surendra
Nath Banerjee in 1876 resulted in the Thuggee and Dacoity
Department being entrusted the additional duty of collecting
secret and political intelligence. With the formation of the Central
Special Branch (the precursor of the Intelligence Bureau, Central
Bureau of Investigation and State Criminal Investigating
Departments.) in 1887, the Thuggee department came to be
associated with the Central Special Branch. The Thuggee
Department was finally abolished in 1904, after about seventy
years of glorious existence.
30
31. .
The Log of the MonarchThe Log of the Monarch
A journal of the proceedings on board the EAST INDIA SHIPA journal of the proceedings on board the EAST INDIA SHIP
‘MONARCH’‘MONARCH’
Kept by Fleetwood John Williams ,Midshipman from CalcuttaKept by Fleetwood John Williams ,Midshipman from Calcutta
towards London. Captain John Wiltshire in Command.towards London. Captain John Wiltshire in Command.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..……………
Remarks Sunday ,February 10th ,1856. Courses SW 6 W.Remarks Sunday ,February 10th ,1856. Courses SW 6 W.
Unsteady. Light Breeze and Fine .3.45 A.M Departed this lifeUnsteady. Light Breeze and Fine .3.45 A.M Departed this life
Major General William Henry SleemanMajor General William Henry Sleeman
7.30 AM Tacked Ship7.30 AM Tacked Ship
10.30 Mustered Ship’s company and performed divine service10.30 Mustered Ship’s company and performed divine service
for the departed soul on the quarter deck.for the departed soul on the quarter deck.
Lat. By Obs. S 2.22 Long. By Obs. E 82.51Lat. By Obs. S 2.22 Long. By Obs. E 82.51
-------------------
Monday, February 11th
, 1856. Courses E.N.E. Light and Fine.
Throughout.
6.30 a.m. Committed the body of the departed to the deep with the
usual ceremonies.
-------------- 31
Annexure…1
32. Guess who this is?
• HINT : He is the founder of the Deptt. of Economics at MIT and a Nobel Laureatte and his
family size doubled when triplets arrived.
32
33. Annexure…2
Prof. Paul A. Samuelson
Professor of Economics MIT
Nobel Laureate Economics 1970
• Even crime and punishment are susceptible to economic
analysis. Does crime pay? If there were no police and courts
and never any punishments or deterrents to crime more people
would find themselves rewarded by illegal activities. On the
other hand, if strong locks are employed private and public
guards employed who maintain a vigilant watch, if
apprehension is likely, if trial is swift and the jury and the judge
can be presumed to be quite accurate in distinguishing
between the truly guilty and the innocent, that part of crime
which is undertaken in the rational hope of reward may be
reduced in total amount.
33
34. Annexure…3
SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLESEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE
(STEPHEN R. COVEY)(STEPHEN R. COVEY)
Be Proactive - Sati, Pre-1835 Thuggee success
Begin with the End in Mind- Colonel Ouvry 9th
Lancers
Put First Things First – Communication gaps reduced
Think Win/Win- Famine handling
Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood –
Interrogations
Synergize – Approvers and even convicts as informers and allies.
Sharpen the Saw- Forever inquisitive and seeker of knowledge
and an Author
34
35. William Sleeman a direct
descendant of Sir W.H.
Sleeman and Rajesh
Rampal at the former’s
residence in U.K.
William has never been to
India. A very private
person, he has preserved
the family heirlooms very
well.
You can see Sir W.H.
Sleeman’s portrait, sword
and baton in the
background. Partly in the
picture is the portrait of
Lady Sleeman.
35
36. Annexure…3
On a scale of 1 - 10 please grade the presentation
Feedback about the Faculty
Knowledge level
Enthusiasm for the subject
Arousing interest in the Subject
Ability to explain Subject
Ability to explain Questions
Other remarks if any.
Suggestions for Improvement
Would you like to read about this subject in further detail ?Fiction based on
hard fact.
Would you like to see a movie on this subject if it were made?
Did you find the subject too complex?
Was there a lesson that you think we could learn from this presentation on how
to tackle our present day problems globally on crime ?
Would you recommend that your seniors /juniors attend this presentation?
ANY OTHER POINT?SUGGESTION:
36
37. Earlier Films on Thuggee
The Deceivers
http://www.britishempire.co.uk/media/adventure/thedeceivers.htm
DirectorNicholas MeyerYear1988StarringPierce Brosnan as William SavageBased on a
story byJohn Masters
If the film has any faults, then it is only because of the film makers need or desire to create
tension. Truth is generally stranger than fiction, hence the idea of the film in the first
place. However, some of the coincidences and nick-of-time rescues are just too close to be
believable. The film also gets a little tied down in some strange pseudo-religious mystical
associations. Again, these are a little too far out of the scope of reality to be wholly
believable. The fact that it is based on a true story, however loosely, makes this film even
more of a useful film to watch.
The 1939 film, Gunga Din and the 1984 Indiana Jones film, Indiana Jones and the Temple of
Doom are other films on the subject.
Another popular movie on the Thugs of Benaras was "Sunghursh" (1968) directed by
Harnam Singh Rawail and based on a story Mahasweta Devi and it starred the legendary
Indian actor of yesteryears Dilip Kumar.
37
38. 38
Scene No1.
Sleeman died at Sea on 10th February, 1856 at 3.45 AM about 600 miles south of Sri Lanka
aboard the East India ship MONARCH on his return to England after 46 years of unbroken
service in India. Story starts in a flashback from the burial at sea on 11th February, 1856 6.30
AM.
Scene I
Long shot - MONARCH at High Seas.
Close up- Captain John Wiltshire comes down on the deck. Sailors are busy stitching Sleeman's
body into a canvas bag. Sailors give him the Naval salute. He salutes back. Captain enters the
cabin where Midshipman Fleetwood John Williams salutes and puts up the Log of the Monarch
for his signatures and says," The log for your signature. We are ready for the Burial, Captain."
The Log of the Monarch
A journal of the proceedings on board the EAST INDIA SHIP ‘MONARCH’
Kept by Fleetwood John Williams ,Midshipman from Calcutta towards London.
Remarks Sunday ,February 10th ,1856 Light and Fine 3.45 A.M Departed this life Major General
William Henry Sleeman.
7.30 AM Tacked Ship
10.30 Assembly on Quarter deck for divine service for the departed soul.
Lat. By Obs. S 2.22 Long. By Obs. E 82.51
Captain signs and says,"John, give him the Union jack burial. I shall get Mrs Sleeman."
"Aye, Aye , Sir"
Captain walks down and knocks at a cabin. Opens the door and nods at Amelie inside.
The body is now covered in the Union Jack with only the face showing. Amelie Nods. The Sailors
pass the last stitch through the Union Jack and the Nose of the body. Amelie grimaces and turns
her face away. The body is lowered into the Sea. Captain salutes. Guns are fired. The camera
turns on Amelie and her face is full of tears. A fellow Lady Passenger asks," How did it all
start."
Amelie chokes and starts," It started ......"