This white paper is intended to encourage simulation engineers to be good steward of their talent to understand the art of simulation. Additionally, I hope that the reader will also greatly appreciate the effect of "misusing" their talent to make a story that is not real or true whether such an activity is intentional or inadvertent. The question that I am urging the reader to ask himself or herself is this, "Can a person falling 2 inches while seating in a cushion seat have biomechanical damage to the spinal cord unless such a person has had a pre-existing condition such as a 'herniated disc' versus our own experience that people often times, even ourselves, have fallen a couple of feet as when we play the game of pulling a chair from our 'play frineds' unbeknownst to them and simply laugh when they 'fall flat on their posterior' but we never recall anyone of us being suit because 'our buddy filed a claim against us for 'pulling the chair causing the 'damaging fall"
Seek the truth, report it the best one can, this is the essential ingredient of a truly objective analyst.
"Yo Creo", the author's avatar (virtual) name, has the dual meaning, in Spanish, "I believe" and "I create". Therefore I encourage the reader of this paper to ponder on this idea, that simulating is an art in which one must believe that one can can create anything they set themselves to achieve; that is, a thought is a virtual world while the actualization of such thoughts create our physical reality.
In this presentation you will learn:
- Methods and models that support the effectiveness of predictive analytics applications
- Demonstration of today's predictive analytics tools and solutions
- How to translate respective data sets into predictive models and apply to business needs
The one page document was located at http://www.chirozone.net/TheDivineMatrix.pdf. I simply show the equation to illustrate the power of the caring individuals, "intenders" or "givers". Simplified states take the square root of the population intended to be affected by the intenders, then divide it by 10. For instance, if we want to affect 100 people, taking the square root produces 10 which divided by 10 results in one. Yes, the power of one rule. We can make a change in the world by simply believing that we can. See "The Power of Awareness" which can be summarized as follows:
The shadow effect enlightenment based upon “The Power of Awareness” *
“ it is only when we have the courage to face things exactly as
they are without any self-deception or illusion that the light
will develop out events by which the path to success may be
recognized”
I Ching
Lecture notes from my BSMET Heat Transfer Course in Heat Transfer at WIT (Wentworth Institute of Technology), Boston, Massachusetts.
It is intended to be utilized by persons interested in the subject of heat transfer as a self-study course.
I am much appreciative of my education at WIT and wish the interested student the best experience in the pursuit of such a practical and beautiful branch of science and engineering.
My WIT and Tufts University (Medford, Massachusetts) has afforded me a quite comfortable standard of living and I wish to share such an experience with those interested in the subject matter of Heat Transfer.
In this presentation you will learn:
- Methods and models that support the effectiveness of predictive analytics applications
- Demonstration of today's predictive analytics tools and solutions
- How to translate respective data sets into predictive models and apply to business needs
The one page document was located at http://www.chirozone.net/TheDivineMatrix.pdf. I simply show the equation to illustrate the power of the caring individuals, "intenders" or "givers". Simplified states take the square root of the population intended to be affected by the intenders, then divide it by 10. For instance, if we want to affect 100 people, taking the square root produces 10 which divided by 10 results in one. Yes, the power of one rule. We can make a change in the world by simply believing that we can. See "The Power of Awareness" which can be summarized as follows:
The shadow effect enlightenment based upon “The Power of Awareness” *
“ it is only when we have the courage to face things exactly as
they are without any self-deception or illusion that the light
will develop out events by which the path to success may be
recognized”
I Ching
Lecture notes from my BSMET Heat Transfer Course in Heat Transfer at WIT (Wentworth Institute of Technology), Boston, Massachusetts.
It is intended to be utilized by persons interested in the subject of heat transfer as a self-study course.
I am much appreciative of my education at WIT and wish the interested student the best experience in the pursuit of such a practical and beautiful branch of science and engineering.
My WIT and Tufts University (Medford, Massachusetts) has afforded me a quite comfortable standard of living and I wish to share such an experience with those interested in the subject matter of Heat Transfer.
Monte Carlo Simulations (UC Berkeley School of Information; July 11, 2019)Ivan Corneillet
My guest lecture on Monte Carlo simulations [or "how to be approximately right, now vs. precisely wrong, later (or never…)"] for the Managing Cyber Risk course of UC Berkeley School of Information's Cybersecurity Master.
Why Do Computational Scientists Trust Their Sojpipitone
A very informal talk I gave to Hausi Muller's group at UVic in June 2009.
I have included, without permission, slides from Daniel Hook's excellent presentation at SE-CSE 2009 (http://www.cs.ua.edu/~SECSE09/schedule.htm).
Apologia - A Call for a Reformation of Christian Protestants Organizations.pdfJulio Banks
This document shows how to know whether an organization claiming to be IRS 501(C)(3) tax exempted nonprofit is being partisan by teaching that the republican party is the party of Jesus Christ violating the nonpartisan IRS requirement are false Christian organizations.
The treatment of large structural systems may be simplified by dividing the system into
smaller systems called components. The components are related through the
displacement, and force conditions at their junction points. Each component is represented
by mode shapes (or functions).
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Monte Carlo Simulations (UC Berkeley School of Information; July 11, 2019)Ivan Corneillet
My guest lecture on Monte Carlo simulations [or "how to be approximately right, now vs. precisely wrong, later (or never…)"] for the Managing Cyber Risk course of UC Berkeley School of Information's Cybersecurity Master.
Why Do Computational Scientists Trust Their Sojpipitone
A very informal talk I gave to Hausi Muller's group at UVic in June 2009.
I have included, without permission, slides from Daniel Hook's excellent presentation at SE-CSE 2009 (http://www.cs.ua.edu/~SECSE09/schedule.htm).
Apologia - A Call for a Reformation of Christian Protestants Organizations.pdfJulio Banks
This document shows how to know whether an organization claiming to be IRS 501(C)(3) tax exempted nonprofit is being partisan by teaching that the republican party is the party of Jesus Christ violating the nonpartisan IRS requirement are false Christian organizations.
The treatment of large structural systems may be simplified by dividing the system into
smaller systems called components. The components are related through the
displacement, and force conditions at their junction points. Each component is represented
by mode shapes (or functions).
The synchronicity time or common time of two (2) independent and asynchronous events can be readily
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web site: http://www.joycenter.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Mans-Search-for-Meaning-Viktor-Frankl.pdf
A case can be made that since the main basis of "The Theory" of evolution is the "Self-preservation principle". That is, how could the propagation of the a specie be enhanced by the demeaning action of a group against its constituents and even self-against-self. The only explanation is that humas were created and not a result of a random sett of actions causing consciousness arriving from non-conscious matter. Life comes from life, and intelligence (DNA), comes from intelligence. This book can be contrasted with: The Lucifer Effect Understanding How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo' and also with the Bible for a view of The Meaning of Life from ancient to contemporary writings for balance understanding of the physical (Psyche) to the metaphysical (Spiritual). We can view the human condition as the effect of gravity of interacting physical objects and human interaction as the response to spiritual influence (angels and demons).
When the Scriptures command us to “love your enemies”, “bless those who curse you” as well as “Judge not because as you judge you will also be judged and the very same standard you apply in condemning others you also be condemned”. One can see, in the context of this essay, that we are actually harming ourselves if we do not love our “perceived enemies” since it is well known that “There are no greater flaws than the ones we perceive in others than the ones residing within ourselves (known as “our personal demons” or “small judging sub-self)”. This is in essence the basis of psychological projection which is a form of psychological dissonance (the closer one is to danger, the more one tends to minimize or even ignore its potential harm to us). Psychological dissonance is a defense mechanism by which “the human mind minimizes the pain of being less than the person that we all believe we are and we seek to find. The true self is the enlightened being who has discovered the meaning of love. Finally, we are home when we feel at peace at being who we are; unique individuals just as our DNA and fingerprints identifies us from billions of other humans. Be yourself and celebrate your uniqueness then you will be truly enlightened - you have arrived at the place call true self and therefore happy
The first step required to defeating an enemy is by first thoroughly defining it. A physician runs tests of their patients to determine the type of pathogen ailing such patients. Similarly, we must be clear that A Muslim Terrorist is indeed a Fundamentalist and not a Radical Terrorist since the method of striking terror is explicitly and clearly defined in the Qur'an. Christianity is the only religion that needs not attack any other religion such as the Islam religion since God is the author and finisher of our faith and also commands the Christians to allow God to avenge Himself for our attacks even from Islamic Terrorist. A Christian is commanded to live at peace with all humans and when such a peaceful coexistence is not achieved then we must simply stay away from such toxic humans.
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I know all the things you do, that you are neither hot nor cold. I wish that you were one or the other! 16But since you are like lukewarm water, neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of my mouth!” - Revelation 3:15-16
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information terms. The suggested framework does not require amendments to the laws of physics: but rather
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It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
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NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
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Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
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An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Three types of lies which should not apply to simulations
1. Three types of lies; lies, damn lies and … simulations?
The title of this paper is “Three types of lies which should not apply to simulations” is intended to be an
apologetic report on behalf of all scrupulous modelers of physical events or simulators.
This short commentary is intended to blow the whistle on litigation settlement by insurance companies
based upon faulty simulations modeling and results from attorneys on behalf of their clients; whether
inadvertently or intentional. The case presented in this paper had been in my mind for fourteen (14)
years. When I first saw the article in the May 2000 issue of ASME I had waited to see whether there would
be any objections to its claims. To my knowledge none has been made.
Here is my perplexity of this case; I have a MSME from Tufts University, 1984 with computational
mechanics (simulations) core courses of study. As of this year, 2014, I have been creating and evaluating
thermo‐structural simulations for 30 continuous years and have never seen a credible simulation without
classical hand calculations to establish the boundaries of the proverbial, “Ball Park”. The case I am
presenting has many obvious flaws but to my surprise, even the ASME (American Society of Mechanical
Engineers) published the flawed‐simulation perpetuating the offense to investigators of physical events
via numerical simulation”.
I propose that the readers of this white paper will take it upon themselves to prove whether or not my
claims of inadequate simulation are true.
2. Like the Phoenix rising from the remaining ashes after a fire, it is my hope that students of simulations
methodology and practicing engineers would take this case as a benchmark of “erroneous zones” to be
understood and avoided in their own practice.
Having watched on TV two (2) separate beauty contestants fall on their posterior, without a “cushioned
seat” from full height without damage to their spines, then reading the article that a man falls two (2)
inches on a “cushioned seat” with consequential damages worthy of a law suit and the subsequent
publication of such a “Heroic simulation” in the ASME simply infuriated me that after fourteen (14) yeas
of contemplation decided to publish this white paper. Due to this misuse of simulation, I shall endeavor
to participate in any event that I can find in which simulations are being misused for financial gain by
attorneys and their clients. This area of simulation pertains to “Forensic Examination of Biomechanics
Claims of Bodily Damage Litigations”. The average weight, and height of a feminine beauty contestant is
120 lb (10 pounds lower than the average woman of the same height), and 5 feet 6 inches (66 inches) in
height, respectively. The following image can be used to establish an estimate of the height from the
ground to the bottom of the spinal cord
Reference: NASA‐STD‐3000, Vol. 1, Man‐Systems Integration Standards, page 3‐11 (81 of 801 in the PDF
file).
The height in inches corresponding to the bottoms of the buttock, 973 mm, is found by the linear ratio,
x/66” = 605 mm/ 973 mm. That is, x = 66” x (605/973) = 41.0”. Using this height for “Miss Beauty” and
multiplying it by the weight of 120 lb we get the potential energy (PE) at the time of being standing:
PE1 = w1 x h1 = 120 lbf x 41 inches = 4920 lbf‐in
The operator who claim that he was injured from a 2 inch fall while seating on a cushioned seat is 288 lbf
x 2 inches = 576 lbf‐in. The ratio of energy at the time of impact of “Miss Beauty” and “unfortunate
operator” is 4950/576 = 8.6. That is to say, “Miss Beauties had experienced an impact force 8.6 time
greater than that of the ‘unfortunate operator’ but did not report any injuries due to such a fall”.
3. My conclusion is that either the two (2) “Miss Beauty” contestants are actually “Bionic women” or the
man had a “pre‐existing condition such as herniated disc”. See detailed calculations starting on the next
page.
Let us think of the scenario where the “unfortunate operator” claim that he had his head resting on some
support system that failed and his head impacted the ground from a height of 2 inches; would anyone
believe him? How would one not believe the damage caused by a 2 inch drop of a person’s head onto a
rigid foundation while readily and implicitly admitting that the normal curvature of the snail cord would
not absolve most of the impact energy by means of the flexibility of spinal cartilage discs?
The only condition under which I would accept an injury claim from a 2‐inch fall is if the “unfortunate
operator” was “operating a rocket during take‐off and the seat broke at such an instant”.
The advices that apply to this case are extracted from the article published in BENCHmark magazine on
April 2001, page 11:
Don't apply any model until the simplifying assumptions on which it is based are, fully understood
and the assumptions can be tested for applicability,
Don't believe that the model is reality. A simulation no matter how complex is always subject to
the GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) rule. GIGO rule means that regardless of how accurate the
simulations model is, the output quality of the simulation results is ultimately governed by the quality
of the input data.
Don't distort reality to fit the model. The model only represents results for the analyst to determine
correctness.
Don't believe the second order consequences of a first-order model
I believe the model is flowed with subsequent erroneous results and conclusions due to being:
Not having classical hand calculations to establish the limiting results such as potential energy
estimate. That is KE (Kinetic Energy) at time of impact equals the PE (Potential Energy) at the start
of the free fall.
Not modeling the curvature of the spinal cord which would have required “beam elements”
instead of “truss elements”. The model simulates a “first‐order” phenomenon but the author used
such results to make a conclusion requiring “Second‐order simulation”.
SUMMARY: A computer model of a physical event is only good as the assumed governing equations,
constraint and input data. The model case being presented in this paper should be consider a
“benchmark” to avoid similar errors in our own digital simulation models.
CONCLUSION: The insurance companies should establish a forum where simulations analysts can be given
an opportunity to evaluate models submitted for claims keeping the litigants anonymously by not
mentioning their cases as either pending or resolved nor any identification of the litigants and their
attorneys. Group sourcing would enhance the discipline of simulations by allowing contributors to both
learn and teach the arts and sciences of simulations.
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more non-linear effects, simple checks always conditioned to behave by a set ' • Don't distort reality to fit the model.
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impractical. In these situations it is perform well for only one set of specific =modeISl R9'rQr RSAt• .J.t..enly presents·~ ;2
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This Mechanical Event Simulation model replicated the seat's dead-drop onto a stiff floor, showing the motion, flexing, and stresses involved in the impact.
involved in the accident, although he tried to recover
the seat at the mine site. He thought that it was buried
there, but it had been discarded, and a search of the site
failed to recover it.
Thus, instead of the original, Giesen decided to acquire
two seat pedestals of the same model and the
seat pedestal design drawings through the legal discov-ery
process.
By reviewing the design drawings, Giesen detected two
important facts about the design: The bearings that support
the axles overhang the axle roots, and there are no
fillets at the roots of the axles. The effect of the first fact
is to create a significantly overhung load, which stresses
the root heavily under a bending load. This stress concentration
at the root is further amplified by the second
fact-the absence of root fillets.
Failure to provide axle root fillets was a design flaw
and was the root cause of the failure and the operator's
injury, Giesen wrote in his final
port the axle was tapered and ragged, possibly because the
hole was punched in manufacturing.
The tapered axle hole would have allowed for an
axle root fillet radius of approximately 0.02 inch,
Giesen wrote. A fillet of that size would have significantly
reduced the stress concentration factor and,
hence, the likelihood of the failure. Alternatively, a
non-tapered hole would have better supported the axle
root as machined. Either way, it was unambiguously
clear that no relief had been specified in the machining
of the axle root.
By studying the drawings and by a destructive test of
one of his samples, Giesen became convinced that design
and manufacturing flaws were causal factors in the
failure of the seat pedestal. When Mann came onto the
scene, he asked how much force was actually involved
in the impact.
Simple question, Giesen said, tough answer.
report. Had appropriate fillets SEEKING ANSWERS
been provided, the event most
probably would not have occurred.
Given these design flaws,
chronic cyclical and vibrational
stress are likely to cause fatigue
cracks to develop, propagate, and
cause failure.
As Giesen moved forward with
the destructive disassembly and examination
of the sample seat
pedestal to confirm that there were
no fillets at the axle roots as manufactured,
he also discovered that a
hole called for in the plans to sup-
Design and
lllanufacturing
flaws were cited as
causal factors in the
failure of the
In search of a practical method to
obtain the answer, Giesen talked to
a number of colleagues, who all
agreed that it was a tough problem
and, no, they didn't have any suggestions
to offer.
Since I am not an expert in mechanical
analysis of this sort, I
sought the counsel of mechanical
analysis experts I respect, Giesen
said. From them I learned that
quantifying an impact force defies
traditional methods provided by
handbooks and calculations in
seat pedestal.
38. practical terms. You just
can't do it.
Giesen happened to
notice an advertisement
for Algor's Accupak/ VE
Mechanical Event Simulation
software, which
simulates motion and
flexing in mechanical
events, and computes
stresses.
the operator, 360 pounds,
was discounted by 20 percent
to account for the partial
support from his feet on
the pedals and his hands on
the controls.
Boundary conditions
fixed the hands where they
would grasp the manipulator
and the feet where
the heels would rest on the
floor. Beam and contact
elements represented the
knee and shoulder joints.
The spine consisted of
truss elements.
Although Giesen had
extensive experience in
mechanical and electromechanical
design and
systems engineering, he
didn't have any hands-on
experience with finite element
analysis and simulation.
So he went to Algor's
Pittsburgh headIn
the assembled seat pedestal (top right), the axle is in the upper right corner of
the mechanism. The axle close-up at lower left shows no fillet at the axle root.
Although the human
spine naturally has a
curved shape, the spine
was modeled straight to
simplify the issue of imquarters
to work with an applications engineer to develop
an impact model, over the course of three days.
Giesen used another Algor product, Superdraw III, to
develop the model following the manufacturer's design
drawings. He incorporated information about the operator
as provided by the lawyer. Where numerical values
were not available, Giesen used conservative estimates
and varied them over several iterations.
The seat assembly was modeled in an upright position using
three-dimensional beam, plate/shell, and solid brick elements.
The beam and plate/shell elements were used to
represent the steel base of the seat and were defined using
the material properties of steel from the software's Material
Library Manager.
The seat cushions were modeled using solid brick elements
and were defined using a custom material. The
density of custom material was defined so that the seat
assembly would weigh a total of 120 pounds. Giesen researched
common material property values of polyurethane
foams at the University of Pittsburgh's engineering
library to establish a reasonable range of Young's
moduli for the cushions. The Young's modulus of the
seat cushioning was one of the variables that would be
altered over a series of iterations.
Although the seat in the accident dropped 3 to 5 inches,
Giesen decided to model conservatively and so
assumed a 2-inch dead drop onto a stiff floor. The contact
between the seat and the floor was modeled using
Algor's proprietary contact elements, which enable engineers
to model how parts of a mechanism behave when
they come into contact.
SUDDEN IMPACT
A representation of the operator in an upright postureperched
on the seat to reach the excavator's controls-was
then added to the seat assembly. The arms, legs, body, and
head were modeled using solid brick elements with a density
so that the weight totaled 288 pounds. The weight of
pact force. If the backbone had been curved, it would
have deflected in the analysis, thus absorbing much of
the force, rather than calculating a total impact force as
was intended. The Young's moduli for the body parts
was based on biomechanical information resources, including
a telephone call from Algor's offices to an expert
in the field, and were varied over a series of iterations.
STANDARD GRAVITY LOADING
The complete model was subjected to a standard gravity
loading for the duration of one second, analyzed in 100
time steps. Giesen could watch the event unfold as it
was processed.
The software displays the movement of the mechanism
and stresses as they occur over time. Thus, Giesen
was able to vary the stiffness of the seat cushions and
body based on the behavior of the model.
He evaluated the results at the moment of impact in
gs, for force amplification factor, which is a factor of
how much a subject's body weighs at the time of impact.
Depending on the input variables, including
height, some of Giesen's models yielded an impact
force of as much as 5 and 6 gs. However, Giesen's final,
optimized model, with the 2-inch fall, yielded 2.24 gs.
Multiplying the estimated 288 pounds by the g force
gave the operator an effective weight of 645.12 pounds
at the moment of impact-a considerable load for the
human spine to bear.
Giesen followed the event step by step on his computer
screen and watched the force operating at points
on the body in real time. It was remarkable to see the
reverberation in very high mechanical frequency rippling
up and down the backbone, he said.
There was no need for Giesen to swear in and tell a
jury of his results. The report of his destructive examination
and Mechanical Event Simulation results was
one of many considerations in the subsequent settlement
of the lawsuit. _