The document discusses traditional fare payment methods like cash and passes and their pros and cons, as well as newer "outside the farebox" options like mobile apps, online ticketing, integrated ticketing/management systems, marketplaces, and partnerships. It provides examples of vendors for each option and the author's personal recommendations, favoring mobile ticketing apps like Token Transit, online ticketing like Betterez, and pursuing partnerships. The author believes these newer options can address issues with traditional methods while providing benefits like fast boarding and user account information.