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Thesehelpfulchecklistswillguideyouthroughtheprocess
ofwritinganessay.
QuestionsaboutYourPurpose 14
QuestionsforCriticalReading 22
ReadingVisualTexts 25
SettingLimits 30
QuestionsforProbing 32
StatingYourThesis 45
RecognizingaPattern 50
WhatNottoDoinanIntroduction 53
EffectiveSupport 56
WhatNottoDoinaConclusion 60
ConstructingaFormalOutline 61
Drafting 63
Revising 66
GuidelinesforPeerEditing 69
EditingforGrammar 83
EditingforPunctuation 86
EditingforSentenceStyleandWordChoice 89
Proofreading 90
CheckingYourPaper’sFormat 91
Anoteaboutthecover
Artistsusepatternstogiveshapetotheirartandtoguidetheeyethrough
the
elementsofavisualwork.Inthesameway,patternsincompositionhel
pto
shapeawriter’sworkandtocreatepathwaysforunderstandingit.
FOURTEENTHEDITION
PatternsforCollegeWriting
ARhetoricalReaderandGuide
LaurieG.Kirszner
UniversityoftheSciences,Emeritus
StephenR.Mandell
DrexelUniversity
ForPeterPhelps,1936–1990,withthanks
ForBedford/St.Martin’s
VicePresident,Editorial,MacmillanLearningHumanities:EdwinHi
ll
DirectorofContentDevelopment:JaneKnetzger
DevelopmentManager:MauraShea
SeniorProgramDirector:LeasaBurton
ProgramManagerforReadersandLiterature:JohnE.SullivanIII
DevelopmentalEditor:SherryMooney
SeniorContentProjectManager:JessicaGould
MediaProducer:RandThomas
SeniorContentWorkflowManager:JenniferWetzel
MarketingManager:JoyFisherWilliams
AssociateEditor:JenniferPrince
CopyEditor:KathleenLafferty
SeniorPhotoEditor:MarthaFriedman
PhotoResearcher:SheriBlaney
PermissionsEditor:KalinaIngham
SeniorArtDirector:AnnaPalchik
TextDesign:RichardKorab
CoverDesign:JohnCallahan
CoverArt:AutumnInterior,Wheatley,Jenny;PrivateCollection/Bri
dgemanImages
OpenerBannerPhoto:JonnyDrake/Shutterstock
Composition:LuminaDatamatics,Inc.
Copyright©2018,2015,2012,2010byBedford/St.Martin’s.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinar
etrievalsystem,ortransmitted
inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,re
cording,orotherwise,exceptas
maybeexpresslypermittedbytheapplicablecopyrightstatutesorinw
ritingbythePublisher.
210987fedcba
Forinformation,write:Bedford/St.Martin’s,75ArlingtonStreet,Bo
ston,MA02116
ISBN-13978-1-319-12081-8(EPUB)
Acknowledgments
Textacknowledgmentsandcopyrightsappearatthebackofthebooko
npages786–90,whichconstitute
anextensionofthecopyrightpage.Artacknowledgmentsandcopyrig
htsappearonthesamepageas
theartselectionstheycover.
Preface
Sinceitwasfirstpublished,PatternsforCollegeWritinghasbeenused
by
millionsofstudentsatcollegesanduniversities acrosstheUnitedState
s.We
havebeendelightedbytheoverwhelminglypositiveresponsetothefir
st
thirteeneditionsofPatterns,andwecontinuetobegratifiedbypositive
feedbackfromthemanyinstructorswhofindPatternstobethemost
accessibleandthemostpedagogicallysoundrhetoric-
readertheyhaveever
used.Inpreparingthisfourteenthedition,wehaveworkedhardtofine-
tune
thefeaturesthathavemadePatternsthemostpopularcompositionread
er
availabletodayandtodevelopnewfeaturestoenhancethebook’susef
ulness
forbothinstructorsandstudents.
WhatInstructorsandStudentsLikeaboutPatterns
forCollegeWriting
AnEmphasisonCriticalReading
TheIntroduction,“HowtoUseThisBook,”andChapter1,“Readingto
Write:BecomingaCriticalReader,”preparestudentstobecomeanaly
tical
readersandwritersbyshowingthemhowtoapplycriticalreadingstrat
egies
toatypicalselectionandbyprovidingsampleresponsestothevariousk
inds
ofwritingpromptsinthebook.Notonlydoesthismaterialintroducest
udents
tothebook’sfeatures,butitalsopreparesthemtotacklereadingandwri
ting
assignmentsintheirothercourses.
ExtensiveCoverageoftheWritingProcess
TheremainingchaptersinPartOne,“TheWritingProcess”(Chapters
2
through5),comprisea“mini-
rhetoric,”offeringadviceondrafting,writing,
revising,andeditingastheyintroducestudentstoactivitiessuchas
freewriting,brainstorming,clusteri ng,andjournalwriting.Thesech
apters
alsoincludenumerouswritingexercisestogivestudentsopportunitie
sfor
immediatepractice.
DetailedCoverageofthePatternsofDevelopment
InPartTwo,“ReadingsforWriters,”Chapters6through14explainand
illustratethepatternsofdevelopmentthatstudentstypicallyuseinthei
r
collegewritingassignments:narration,description,exemplification
,process,
causeandeffect,comparisonandcontrast,classificationanddivision
,
definition,andargumentation.Eachchapterbeginswithacomprehen
sive
introductionthatpresentsadefinitionandaparagraph-
lengthexampleofthe
patterntobediscussedandthenexplainstheparticularwritingstrategi
esand
applicationsassociatedwithit.Next,eachchapteranalyzesoneortwo
annotatedstudentessaystoshowhowthepatterncanbeusedinparticul
ar
collegewritingsituations.Chapter15,“CombiningthePatterns,”illu
strates
howthevariouspatternsofdevelopmentdiscussedinChapters6throu
gh14
canworktogetherinanessay.
ADiverseandPopularSelectionofReadings
Variedinsubject,style,andculturalperspective,thesixty-eight
professionalselectionsengagestudentswhileprovidingthemwith
outstandingmodelsforwriting.Wehavetriedtoachieveabalancebet
ween
classicauthors(GeorgeOrwell,JessicaMitford,E.B.White,MartinL
uther
KingJr.)andnewervoices(BichMinhNguyen,ZeynepTufekci,Mari
na
Keegan)sothatinstructorshaveabroadrangeofreadingstochoosefro
m.
MoreStudentEssaysthanAnyComparableText
Toprovidestudentswithrealisticmodelsforimprovingtheirownwrit
ing,
weincludeeighteensamplestudentessays.
HelpfulCoverageofGrammarIssues
Grammar-in-
Contextboxesinchapterintroductionsofferspecificadvice
onhowtoidentifyandcorrectthegrammar,mechanics,andpunctuatio
n
problemsthatstudentsarelikelytoencounterwhentheyworkwithpart
icular
patternsofdevelopment.
ApparatusDesignedtoHelpStudentsLearn
Eachprofessionalessayinthetextisfollowedbythreetypesofquestio
ns.
Thesequestionsaredesignedtohelpstudentsassesstheirunderstandi
ngof
theessay’scontentandofthewriter’spurposeandaudience;torecogni
zethe
stylisticandstructuraltechniquesusedtoshapetheessay;andtobeco
me
sensitivetothenuancesoflanguage.Eachessayisalsoaccompaniedb
ya
JournalEntryprompt,WritingWorkshoptopics(suggestionsforfull -
length
writingassignments),andThematicConnectionsthatidentifyrelated
readings
inthetext.AlsofollowingeachessayisaCombiningthePatternsfeatur
ethat
focusesondifferentpatternsofdevelopmentusedintheessayandposs
ible
alternativestothesepatterns.EachchapterendswithalistofWriting
AssignmentsandaCollaborativeActivity.Manyoftheseassignments
and
activitieshavebeenupdatedtoreflectthemostcurrenttopicsandtrend
s.
ExtensiveCulturalandHistoricalBackgroundforAllReadings
Inadditiontoabiographicalheadnote,eachreadingisprecededbya
headnotecontainingessentialbackgroundinformationtohelpstuden
tsmake
connectionsbetweenthereadingandthehistorical,social,andecono
mic
forcesthatshapedit.
AnIntroductiontoVisualTexts
Everyrhetoricalchapterincludesavisualtext—
suchasaphotograph,a
pieceoffineart,orpanelsfromagraphicnovel—
thatprovidesanaccessible
introductiontoeachrhetoricalpattern.Apparatusthathelpsstudentsd
iscuss
thepatterninitsvisualformfollowsea chimage.
ThoroughCoverageofWorkingwithSources
PartThree,“WorkingwithSources,”takesstudentsthroughtheproce
ssof
writingaresearchpaperandincludesamodelstudentpaperinMLAsty
le.
(TheAppendixaddressesAPAstyleandincludesamodelAPApaper.)
What’sNewinThisEdition
EngagingNewReadings
Thetwenty-
fivenewprofessionalessaystreattopicsofcurrentinterest.
IsabelWilkersonexploresthehistoryof“EmmettTillandTamirRice,
Sons
oftheGreatMigration.”JoshBarroexplains“WhyStealingCarsWent
Outof
Fashion.”KarenMillerPensieroshowsusthe“PhotosThatChangeHi
story.”
Inallcases,readingshavebeencarefullyselectedfortheirhigh-
interest
subjectmatteraswellasfortheireffectivenessasteachablemodelsfor
studentwriting.
ArgumentationChapterUpdated
Theargumentchapterhasbeenrevisedtofocusonissuesofparticul ar
importancetocollegestudents.Itincludestwonewdebates(“ShouldP
ublic
CollegesBeFree?”and“DoesItPaytoStudytheHumanities?”)andon
enew
casebook(“DoCollegeStudentsNeedTriggerWarnings?”).
WithBedford/St.Martin’s,YouGetMore
AtBedford/St.Martin’s,providingsupporttoteachersandtheirstude
nts
whouseourbooksanddigitaltoolsisourtoppriority.TheBedford/St.
Martin’sEnglishCommunityisnowourhomeforprofessionalresourc
es,
includingBedfordBits,ourpopularblogwithnewideasforthecompos
ition
classroom.Joinustoconnectwithourauthorsa ndyourcolleaguesat
community.macmillan.com,whereyoucandownloadtitlesfromour
professionalresourceseries,reviewprojectsinthepipeline,signupfo
r
webinars,orstartadiscussion.Inadditiontothisdynamiconlinecom
munity
andbook-specificinstructorresources,weofferdigitaltools,custom
solutions,andvaluepackagestosupportbothyouandyourstudents.W
eare
committedtodeliveringthequalityandvaluethatyou’vecometoexpe
ct
fromBedford/St.Martin’s,supportedasalwaysbythepowerofMacmi
llan
Learning.Tolearnmoreaboutortoorderanyofthefollowingproducts,
contactyourBedford/St.Martin’ssalesrepresentativeorvisittheweb
siteat
macmillanlearning.com.
LaunchPadforPatternsforCollegeWriting:WhereStudentsLearn
LaunchPadprovidesengagingcontentandnewwaystogetthemostout
ofyourbook.Getaninteractivee-
Bookcombinedwithassessmenttoolsina
fullycustomizablecoursespace;thenassignandmixourresourceswit
h
yours.
InteractivePeerReviewWorksheetsallowstudentstotypetheir
responsesintoaformthatiseasytosharewithfellowstudentsandtheir
instructor.
ReadingComprehensionQuizzesforeveryselectioninPatternshelp
youquicklygaugeyourstudents’understandingoftheassigned
reading.
DiagnosticsandExerciseCentralprovideopportunitiestoassess
areasforimprovementandassignadditionalexercisesbasedon
students’needs.Eightdiagnosticquizzes—pre-andpost-testson
sentencegrammar,punctuationandmechanics,readingskills,and
http://community.macmillan.com
http://macmillanlearning.com
readingstrategies—offervisualreportsthatshowperformanceby
topic,class,andstudentaswellascomparisonreportsthattrack
improvementovertime.Usethesereportstotargetadditionalpractice
byassigningquizzesfromtheExerciseCentralquestionbank.
Pre-builtunits—includingreadings,videos,quizzes,discussion
groups,andmore—areeasytoadaptandassignbyaddingyourown
materialsandmixingthemwithourhigh-qualitymultimediacontent
andready-madeassessmentoptions,suchasLearningCurveadaptive
quizzing.
LaunchPadalsoprovidesaccesstoagradebookthatoffersaclear
windowontheperformanceofyourwholeclass,individualstudents,
andevenresultsofindividualassignments.
UseLaunchPadonitsownorintegrateitwithyourschool’slearning
managementsystemsothatyourclassisalwaysonthesamepage.
LaunchPadforPatternsforCollegeWritingcanbepurchasedonitsow
nor
packagedwiththeprintbookatasignificantdiscount.Anactivationco
deis
required.ToorderLaunchPadforPatternsforCollegeWritingwiththe
print
book,useISBN978-1-319-13642-0.Formoreinformation,goto
launchpadworks.com.
ChoosefromAlternativeFormatsofPatternsforCollegeWriting
Bedford/St.Martin’soffersarangeofaffordableformats,allowing
studentstochoosetheonethatworksbestforthem.
PaperbackToorderthepaperbackedition,useISBN978-1-319-
05664-
3.
Populare-BookformatsFordetailsofoure-Bookpartners,visit
macmillanlearning.com/ebooks.
SelectValuePackages
Addvaluetoyourtextbypackagingoneofthefollowingresourceswith
PatternsforCollegeWriting.Tolearnmoreaboutpackageoptionsfora
nyof
thefollowingproducts,contactyourBedford/St.Martin’ssalesrepre
sentative
orvisitmacmillanlearning.com.
LaunchPadSoloforReadersandWritersallowsstudentstoworkon
whatevertheyneedhelpwiththemost.Athomeorinclass,studentslear
nat
theirownpace,withinstructiontailoredtoeachstudent’suniqueneed
s.
LaunchPadSoloforReadersandWritersfeatures:
http://launchpadworks.com
http://macmillanlearning.com/ebooks
http://macmillanlearning.com
Pre-builtunitsthatsupportalearningarc.Eacheasy-to-assignunit
iscomposedofapre-
testcheck,multimediainstructionandassessment,
andapost-testthatassesseswhatstudentshavelearnedaboutcritical
reading,writingprocess,usingsources,grammar,style,andmechani
cs.
Dedicatedunitsalsoofferhelpfor multilingualwriters.
Diagnosticsthathelpestablishabaselineforinstruction.Assign
diagnosticstoidentifyareasofstrengthandareasforimprovementon
topicsrelatedtogrammarandreadingandtohelpstudentsplana
courseofstudy.Usevisualreportstotrackperformancebytopic,cla ss,
andstudentaswellascomparisonreportsthattrackimprovementover
time.
Avideointroductiontomanytopics.Introductionsofferanoverview
oftheunit’stopic,andmanyincludeabrief,accessiblevideoto
illustratetheconceptsathand.
Twenty-fivereadingselectionswithcomprehensionquizzes.Assign
arangeofclassicandcontemporaryessays,eachofwhichincludesa
labelindicatingLexileleveltohelpyouscaffoldinstructionincritical
reading.
Adaptivequizzingfortargetedlearning.Mostunitsinclude
LearningCurve,game-likeadaptivequizzingthatfocuse sontheareas
inwhicheachstudentneedsthemosthelp.
Theabilitytomonitorstudentprogress.Useourgradebooktosee
whichstudentsareontrackandwhichneedadditionalhelpwith
specifictopics.
Additionalreadingcomprehensionquizzes.PatternsforCollege
Writingincludesmultiple-choicequizzes,whichhelpyouquickly
gaugeyourstudents’understandingoftheassignedreading.Theseare
availableinLaunchPadSoloforReadersandWriters.
OrderISBN978-1-319-14527-
9topackageLaunchPadSoloforReadersand
WriterswithPatternsforCollegeWritingatasignificantdiscount.Stu
dents
whorentorbuyausedbookcanpurchaseaccess,andinstructorsmayre
quest
freeaccessatmacmillanlearning.com/readwrite.
Writer’sHelp2.0isapowerfulonlinewritingresourcethathelps
studentsfindanswerswhethertheyaresearchingforwritingadviceon
their
ownoraspartofanassignment.
Smartsearch.Builtonresearchwithmorethan1,600studentwriters,
http://macmillanlearning.com/readwrite
thesmartsearchinWriter’sHelpprovidesreliableresultsevenwhen
studentsusenoviceterms,suchasflowandunstuck.
Trustedcontentfromourbest-sellinghandbooks.ChooseWriter’s
Help2.0,HackerVersion,orWriter’sHelp2.0,LunsfordVersion,and
ensurethatstudentshaveclearadviceandexamplesforalloftheir
writingquestions.
Diagnosticsthathelpestablishabaselineforinstruction.Assign
diagnosticstoidentifyareasofstrengthandareasforimprovementon
topicsrelatedtogrammarandreadingandtohelpstudentsplana
courseofstudy.Usevisualreportstotrackperformancebytopic,class,
andstudentaswellascomparisonreportsthattrackimprovementover
time.
Adaptiveexercisesthatengagestudents.Writer’sHelp2.0includes
LearningCurve,game-
likeonlinequizzingthatadaptstowhatstudents
alreadyknowandhelpsthemfocusonwhattheyneedtolearn.
Readingcomprehensionquizzes.PatternsforCollegeWriting
includesmultiple-choicequizzes,whichhelpyouquicklygaugeyour
students’understandingoftheassignedreading.Theseareavailablei
n
Writer’sHelp2.0.
Writer’sHelp2.0canbepackagedwithPatternsforCollegeWritingat
a
significantdiscount.Formoreinformation,contactyoursalesreprese
ntative
orvisitmacmillanlearning.com/writershelp2.
MacmillanLearningCurriculum
Solution
s
Curriculum

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