Since its introduction in 1979, the one child policy has had a direct impact on the lives of over one-fifth of the world’s population. The policy has influenced reproductive choice, preferred family size and access to abortion. In a country where preference for male offspring is common, and where there is easy access to abortion, it has also contributed to an excess of male births. Some relaxation of the policy has started, and this is expected to continue.
Therese Hesketh is Professor of Global Health at the UCL Centre for International Health and Development. She trained in paediatrics and public health in the UK and has extensive experience as a clinician and health researcher in Asia. She has taken the lead on a number of large collaborative population studies in China: in health system reform, the health needs of rural-urban migrants, reproductive health, and the demographic, health and social effects of the one child policy.
China has officially abandoned its One Child Policy amid deepening demographic crisis of shrinking workforce and aging population in the world’s second largest economy.
The new law allows couples to have two children from January 1, 2015 and marks the ending its over three decades old One Child Policy.
During the 1940’s the Chinese government encouraged people to have large families, to gain military strength and for the people to help with agricultural production led to OVERPOPULATION in china.
China has officially abandoned its One Child Policy amid deepening demographic crisis of shrinking workforce and aging population in the world’s second largest economy.
The new law allows couples to have two children from January 1, 2015 and marks the ending its over three decades old One Child Policy.
During the 1940’s the Chinese government encouraged people to have large families, to gain military strength and for the people to help with agricultural production led to OVERPOPULATION in china.
This is awareness campaign report during health teaching in a rural community within the Philippines to increase awareness of increasing trend of teenage pregnancy especially among low poverty income and less educated residents in a certain community in the Philippines
This presentation was part of Embody's Safe Healthy Strong 2015 conference on sexuality education (www.ppwi.org/safehealthystrong). Embody is Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin's education and training programs. Learn more: www.ppwi.org/embody
DESCRIPTION
Reproductive life planning (RLP) is a client-based assessment of personal life goals to determine if and where childbearing fits in with education, family, relationships, work, and more. This assessment then informs the development of a flexible strategy to prevent or plan future pregnancies in order to successfully meet these goals.
However, getting patients to modify their health or sexual habits isn’t always easy. The practice of motivational interviewing (MI) is an effective catalyst for behavior change. MI is a quick, effective, client-centered counseling technique that allows clients to define their own goals and make their own choices by helping them identify what is personally meaningful and valuable in their own lives, and to act in ways that will help them meet their goals. Best of all, it works.
This full-day pre-conference workshop introduced participants to the core concepts of motivational interviewing, placed within the context of reproductive life planning, a process which allows individuals to make appropriate decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health, desire to have children, and birth spacing.
Participants learned the basic techniques of motivational interviewing and discovered how to help clients assess their own goals, make a plan that will help them meet those goals, and find ways to overcome obstacles that may occur along the way.
ABOUT THE PRESENTERS
Meghan Benson, MPH, CHES, has worked in the field of sexuality education since she was a teen peer HIV educator in high school. Throughout her education and professional experience, she remained dedicated to advocacy and education around women’s sexual health. She completed her MPH in Community Health Sciences with a focus on adolescent health and development at the University of Illinois-Chicago and will be pursuing her PhD at the UW-Milwaukee Zilber School of Public Health in Fall 2015. As the director of Embody, Meghan develops programming and coordinates educational opportunities throughout the state. Meghan is a board member for the Association of Planned Parenthood Leaders in Education, a Wisconsin Alliance for Women's Health board member, and a member of the Dane County Youth Commission.
Anne Brosowsky-Roth has been with Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin for over 20 years. During that time, she has held various positions within the patient services and community education departments. In her current role, she provides direct education for Planned Parenthood staff and other health professionals on reproductive and sexual health. Anne also provides research and support for staff as the manager of the Maurice Ritz Resource Center, the Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin community library.
“Condoms are not a family planning Method”: Why efforts to prevent HIV have failed to comprehensively address adolescent sexual and reproductive health
Access to Contraception by Alok Vajpeyi
National Consultation on ‘Expanding Access and Using the Law to Ensure Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights’ was held in December’ 2015. The consultation brought together experts, activists, lawyers, health workers and students from all corners in the country, in building the understanding on the issues and the emerging challenges.
Human Rights Law Network
http://hrln.org
Jack Price: Stem cell research: changing values and scientific questsWellcome Collection
Everyone has heard of stem cells and the biomedical revolution they herald, but what are these cells, and what should we make of them? Does China have a different ethical framework for valuing unborn life? Western politicians have warned against the growing reliance on China for embryonic and fetal stem cell research. In truth, what scientists mean by 'stem cells' is changing so fast that even they have trouble keeping up. Jack Price and Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner will explore the complex nature of stem cell research in China.
Jack Price trained at the Open University, UCL and MIT. He is Professor of Developmental Neurobiology and Director of the Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London. He also acts as Consultant for ReNeuron Ltd, a UK biotech company developing stem cell therapeutics. In 2004, he led the UK government Global Watch Stem Cell Mission to China and the Far East. He has worked on brain stem cells for about 25 years.
Diana Yeh: Art, Migration and the Complexity of BelongingWellcome Collection
To what extent are identity and belonging related to birth and birthplace? How do processes of art making and experiences of migration complicate this question? By illuminating little-known stories of artists and writers of Chinese descent in Britain, this talk explores how their lives and works challenge our commonsense ideas about Chinese identity and belonging. While family, ancestry and birthplace are often vital to our sense of who we are, this talk highlights how they relate to identity and belonging in complex and often unexpected ways.
Diana Yeh's research lies in the interdisciplinary fields of art and migration. Her work explores the translocal lives and works of artists of Chinese descent in order to interrogate 'racial'/ethnic and national paradigms of identity and belonging. She is a Visiting Lecturer at the University of East London and is affiliated to its newly launched Centre for Migration, Refugees and Belonging.
A talk by Rana Mitter, Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China at the University of Oxford.
Modern Chinese identity has been shaped by the experience of repeated conflict, and in particular the war against Japan in the 1930s and 40s. We will hear about ways in which Chinese identity changed because of the impact of war, including the identities of women, ethnic minorities and refugees. We then see how China's turbulent history is reflected in the shaping of contemporary Chinese identity in the 21st century.
This was recorded at the China: Birth and belonging symposium at Wellcome Collection http://www.wellcomecollection.org/whats-on/events/china-birth-and-belonging.aspx.,
Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner: Unborn life and human embryonic stem cell researc...Wellcome Collection
A talk by Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner, Reader in Anthropology at the University of Sussex.
Everyone has heard of stem cells and the biomedical revolution they herald, but what are these cells, and what should we make of them? Does China have a different ethical framework for valuing unborn life? Western politicians have warned against the growing reliance on China for embryonic and fetal stem cell research. In truth, what scientists mean by 'stem cells' is changing so fast that even they have trouble keeping up.
Bobby Baker's diary drawings chart her experience of day centres, acute psychiatric wards, 'crisis' teams and a variety of treatments. This event was a chance to hear directly from Bobby about her life, art and work. She was joined in conversation by Kamaldeep Bhui, Professor of Cultural Psychiatry and Epidemiology at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry.
Working with veterans suffering from mental health problemsWellcome Collection
Veterans with chronic mental health problems commonly isolate themselves from mainstream society, have poor relationships with others and suffer marital, family and economic difficulties. While the true scale of the mental health problem is unknown in Britain, as veteran population studies have not been performed, Combat Stress – the national charity that looks after veterans with mental health problems – has had increasing demands for help over the past few years. This session discussed rehabilitation strategies for veterans with mental health problems and highlighted the work of Combat Stress.
From the Remembering War Symposium at Wellcome Collection www.wellcomecollection.org
How do we construct memories? Remembering engages many different areas of the brain and relates closely to emotion. But what impacts on our memories of war? How do age, gender and context affect how we recall different events? This session presented some initial findings on people's memories that have been collected on the Wellcome Collection website since the 'War and Medicine' exhibition has been open.
From the Remembering War Symposium at Wellcome Collection www.wellcomecollection.org
War memorials are usually perceived as monumental objects in public spaces. Made from bronze and stone, they deliver messages intended to endure. This presentation considers the processes of creating memorials and suggests that the activity of memorial-making - as much as the objects themselves - reveals a great deal about the nature of commemoration at a national, local and personal level. Despite the conventions of memorial forms and language, a closer focus on how particular projects were realised opens up new paths for considering the ways wars are remembered.
From the Remembering War Symposium at Wellcome Collection www.wellcomecollection.org
18. Sex Ratio at birth in China since onset of Policy Sex-selective Abortion
19. Sex ratio in 1-4 age band XINJIANG QINGHAI NEI MONGOL GANSU NINGXIA SHAANXI XIZANG SICHUAN CHONGQING YUNNAN GUIZHOU GUANGXI HAINAN TAIWAN HUNAN JIANGXI ZHEJIANG FUJIAN GUANGD ONG HONG KONG MACAU Shanghai SHANGHAI SHI Guangzhou JIAN GSU ANHUI HUBEI HENAN SHANXI SHANDONG Shenyang HEBEI BEIJING SHI TIA NJIN LIAONING JILIN HEILONGJIANG 110 - 120 120 - 130 > 130 < 110
20. Provincial Policies XINJIANG QINGHAI NEI MONGOL GANSU NINGXIA SHAANXI XIZANG SICHUAN CHONGQING YUNNAN GUIZHOU GUANGXI HAINAN TAIWAN HUNAN JIANGXI ZHEJIANG FUJIAN GUANGD ONG HONG KONG MACAU Shanghai SHANGHAI SHI Guangzhou Chengdu JIAN GSU ANHUI HUBEI HENAN SHANXI SHANDONG Beijiing Shenyang HEBEI BEIJING SHI TIA NJIN LIAONING JILIN HEILONGJIANG Relaxed 1 Child Policy Medium 1 Child Policy Strict 1 Child Policy
21. SRB by birth order rises dramatically in some provinces Source: 2005 1% survey 142 138 111 Hainan 167 146 108 Guangdong 176 166 104 Henan 206 178 108 Jiangxi 227 190 107 Anhui Third Second First
Assume all know about the policy how it works etc Caveat: what changes are attributable to the Policy?
Has created mostly one-child urban families, mostly two-child rural families, third and higher order births 9% Rural popualtion around 70%
One and a half polcvy
Long term contraception
PUBLIC HEALTH DILEMMAS - CHOICE VS POPULATION BENEFIT Feels very oppressive/ Dracnonian. Today’s world of carbon footp[rints – world should be grateful.
Tantalising question: would the decline have continued? Population still growing because 0.65% 148 in the world
Just some perspective – look at other countries with no policy.
How to make people accept restriction of choice in something so fundamental as reproduction
How did the Chinese achieve this? Winning hearts and minds-Propaganda and carrots and sticks Too many people in China
Quality, not quantity
Example of extreme choice which has been influenced by the Policy. Normal sex ratio at birth 103-107 males to 100 females SSA illegal
It was high in the 1930s and 40s, then declined after the Communist Revolution Many other Asian countries have high sex ratios: Taiwan 1.19, South Korea 1.12, parts of India 1.2 (Sen, 2002) Increase in sex ratio on China coincided with cheap, accessible ultrasound in rural and suburban areas
Highest sex ratio in medium strict provinces 7 normal provinces have sex ratios of <110 only 8% of the population % high provinces have 25% of the population
One and a half polcvy
Reproductive Choice to go for sex selective abortion being made with second births
19% of People’s congress female. Women’s status increased paradoxically
BUT did they mind….?
Dramatic change in South Korea with enforcement of the law and publicity campaigns. But IS THIS because of the Policy??
Graduate unemployement concerns When allowed to have more they choose not to
People said thay knew others who hadn’t wanted an abortion but were pressurised into getting on e