Este documento resume la perspectiva filosófica sobre el suicidio a lo largo de la historia. Desde la antigua Grecia, donde Sócrates bebió cicuta, hasta filósofos modernos como Camus, Nietzsche y Schopenhauer, quienes defendieron en algunos casos el derecho al suicidio. También analiza las posturas de filósofos cristianos como Santo Tomás de Aquino que lo condenaron. El documento explora las diferentes concepciones filosóficas sobre el suicidio y cómo ha evolucion
Topic :Critical note on waiting for BarbarianMEGHANA DODIYA
This document provides a critical analysis of the novel "Waiting for Barbarians" by J.M. Coetzee. It summarizes the major characters, themes, and symbolism in the novel. The story is about the magistrate of an unnamed empire and deals with themes of morality, human cruelty, and the impact of torture. It can be read as an allegorical critique of apartheid in South Africa. The barbarian girl represents the voiceless subaltern subjected to the violence and objectification of those in power.
The document discusses themes and symbols in Tennessee Williams' play The Glass Menagerie. It describes how Laura has the weakest grasp on reality and lives in a fanciful world, represented by her collection of glass animals. While Tom can function in the real world, he prefers escape through alcohol and entertainment. Amanda clings to conventional values but fails to see truths about her life. The play examines the conflict between one's obligations to family and one's desires. Laura's glass figurines symbolize her imagination and fragility, with her unicorn representing her peculiarity and loneliness. The fire escape is used as a physical and symbolic representation of feeling trapped or a means of escape.
Personal Development - Sigmund Freud's Theory of Human PsycheJuan Miguel Palero
This is a powerpoint presentation of one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Personal Development. For this powerpoint, this serves as a presentation about the topic of the definition of Sigmund Freud's Theory of the Human Psyche. It also includes the parts of the human psyche.
El documento resume la vida y obra del psicólogo suizo Carl Gustav Jung. Nació en 1875 en Suiza y desarrolló un interés temprano por lo irracional y lo espiritual. Se graduó en biología y comenzó a estudiar asociaciones verbales en pacientes, descubriendo los "complejos". Más tarde distinguió entre el inconsciente individual y el "inconsciente colectivo", que contiene arquetipos y símbolos compartidos por la humanidad. Sus teorías de los sueños, arquetipos y el inconsciente co
Este documento discute los caminos de la formación del síntoma en la neurosis. Explica que los síntomas son actos perjudiciales o inútiles que surgen de un conflicto interno entre la libido insatisfecha y el yo preconsciente. Cuando la libido es rechazada por la realidad, busca satisfacción a través de la regresión a etapas infantiles, dando lugar a la condensación y desplazamiento de representaciones en el inconsciente y eventualmente la formación del síntoma como compromiso. También señala que los sínt
The document provides background information on Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. It discusses that the novel is considered an early example of scientific fiction and uses a frame narrative structure with stories within stories. It also analyzes how the novel draws from the myths of Prometheus and Narcissus, with the protagonist Victor Frankenstein taking on aspects of both figures through his scientific experiments that go too far and his narcissistic personality.
Paper 108 Robert Jordan As a Typical Hemingway Hero.pptxKatariyaGhanshyam
This presentation was given as the semester-end presentation on the 'Robert Jordan As a Typical Hemingway Hero' for the paper 'The American Literature
108' in the M.A. English Semester 2
Este documento resume la perspectiva filosófica sobre el suicidio a lo largo de la historia. Desde la antigua Grecia, donde Sócrates bebió cicuta, hasta filósofos modernos como Camus, Nietzsche y Schopenhauer, quienes defendieron en algunos casos el derecho al suicidio. También analiza las posturas de filósofos cristianos como Santo Tomás de Aquino que lo condenaron. El documento explora las diferentes concepciones filosóficas sobre el suicidio y cómo ha evolucion
Topic :Critical note on waiting for BarbarianMEGHANA DODIYA
This document provides a critical analysis of the novel "Waiting for Barbarians" by J.M. Coetzee. It summarizes the major characters, themes, and symbolism in the novel. The story is about the magistrate of an unnamed empire and deals with themes of morality, human cruelty, and the impact of torture. It can be read as an allegorical critique of apartheid in South Africa. The barbarian girl represents the voiceless subaltern subjected to the violence and objectification of those in power.
The document discusses themes and symbols in Tennessee Williams' play The Glass Menagerie. It describes how Laura has the weakest grasp on reality and lives in a fanciful world, represented by her collection of glass animals. While Tom can function in the real world, he prefers escape through alcohol and entertainment. Amanda clings to conventional values but fails to see truths about her life. The play examines the conflict between one's obligations to family and one's desires. Laura's glass figurines symbolize her imagination and fragility, with her unicorn representing her peculiarity and loneliness. The fire escape is used as a physical and symbolic representation of feeling trapped or a means of escape.
Personal Development - Sigmund Freud's Theory of Human PsycheJuan Miguel Palero
This is a powerpoint presentation of one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Personal Development. For this powerpoint, this serves as a presentation about the topic of the definition of Sigmund Freud's Theory of the Human Psyche. It also includes the parts of the human psyche.
El documento resume la vida y obra del psicólogo suizo Carl Gustav Jung. Nació en 1875 en Suiza y desarrolló un interés temprano por lo irracional y lo espiritual. Se graduó en biología y comenzó a estudiar asociaciones verbales en pacientes, descubriendo los "complejos". Más tarde distinguió entre el inconsciente individual y el "inconsciente colectivo", que contiene arquetipos y símbolos compartidos por la humanidad. Sus teorías de los sueños, arquetipos y el inconsciente co
Este documento discute los caminos de la formación del síntoma en la neurosis. Explica que los síntomas son actos perjudiciales o inútiles que surgen de un conflicto interno entre la libido insatisfecha y el yo preconsciente. Cuando la libido es rechazada por la realidad, busca satisfacción a través de la regresión a etapas infantiles, dando lugar a la condensación y desplazamiento de representaciones en el inconsciente y eventualmente la formación del síntoma como compromiso. También señala que los sínt
The document provides background information on Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. It discusses that the novel is considered an early example of scientific fiction and uses a frame narrative structure with stories within stories. It also analyzes how the novel draws from the myths of Prometheus and Narcissus, with the protagonist Victor Frankenstein taking on aspects of both figures through his scientific experiments that go too far and his narcissistic personality.
Paper 108 Robert Jordan As a Typical Hemingway Hero.pptxKatariyaGhanshyam
This presentation was given as the semester-end presentation on the 'Robert Jordan As a Typical Hemingway Hero' for the paper 'The American Literature
108' in the M.A. English Semester 2
The document provides context on several key themes in James Joyce's short story "Araby". It begins by discussing how the story explores issues of growing up and coming of age through the first person narration of an adult reflecting on his youth. It also touches on themes of religion, sexuality, and unfulfilled desires represented by the boy's infatuation with his friend's sister. Literary devices used in the story are examined like imagery, symbolism, and the contrast between light and dark. The climax of the story involves the boy's disappointment at the bazaar when he is unable to buy a gift for the girl.
American dream and The Old Man and the SeaAvniDave1
This document discusses the American Dream and how it relates to Ernest Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea. It defines the American Dream as the ideals of democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity, and equality. It then analyzes how Santiago's dreams of lions in his youth represent his past strength and virility. His dream of catching the marlin represents his quest for the American Dream in his present struggle. The document concludes that Santiago symbolizes the American Dream through his success in winning the marlin through his own ability and power despite his old age.
- The document lists the group members and their student numbers who are submitting an assignment to their teacher, Mam Zulaikha. It then provides biographical information about Charles Lamb and analyzes his essay "Old China". The essay reflects on how one's ability to enjoy simple pleasures may diminish with wealth and increased means, as reminisced through a conversation between Elia and his cousin Bridget over a new set of china tea cups.
Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Jewish writer living in Prague in the early 20th century who felt like an outsider. He wrote The Metamorphosis in 1915, telling the story of Gregor Samsa who wakes up transformed into a large insect. Gregor's transformation represents alienation and meaninglessness in modern life. Through his new condition, Gregor begins an inward journey of self-discovery and accepting responsibility for his own life, ultimately finding meaning before his death. The story uses parable and symbolism to examine human psychology and behavior in a detached, thought-provoking way.
1) The document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, describing God as one entity composed of three coeternal persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
2) It then focuses on the Son as the second person of the Trinity, equal to God in essence. In Paradise Lost, the Son represents the merciful side of God and has qualities of power, bravery, and willingness to help mankind.
3) Adam and Eve are then described as the first humans created in Eden. Adam is presented as physically and mentally superior but shows respect, while Eve struggles with vanity. Both ultimately fall from grace by disobeying God's command.
Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London to an intellectual family. She grew up surrounded by literature but suffered from mental illness throughout her life. Some of her most famous works include Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando, which explored themes of feminism, mental illness, and the passage of time through modernist techniques. Woolf helped form the Bloomsbury Group and co-founded the Hogarth Press with her husband. Despite her struggles with mental health, she produced groundbreaking fiction until her death by suicide in 1941.
Laskavost k sobě a soucit se sebou v psychoterapiiJan Benda
Schopnost zaujmout k sobě samému emočně pozitivní postoj ve chvílích, kdy zažíváme trápení, selhání nebo si uvědomujeme nějaký svůj nedostatek, je důležitým aspektem regulace emocí a zároveň i předpokladem duševního zdraví a duševní pohody. Takový postoj, označovaný jako soucit se sebou (angl. self-compassion), je zřejmě i významným elementem psychoterapeutické změny.
Příspěvek představí koncept soucitu se sebou, který se vedle všímavosti (angl. mindfulness) stal v posledních letech jedním z dalších elementů tradiční buddhistické psychologie, vzbuzujících zájem západních odborníků. Porovná tento u nás nový koncept s příbuznými psychologickými pojmy. Nastíní předpokládaný vliv nedostatku soucitu se sebou v etiopatogenezi některých psychických poruch a zmíní možnosti, jak tento postoj k sobě rozvíjet. Uvede i výzkumné aktivity týkající se soucitu se sebou, jež aktuálně probíhají v České republice.
C.G. Jung (1875-1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. He had three periods in his career as a physician from 1900-1912 where he developed his ideas and theories. Some of his major contributions included concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes, extroversion and introversion personality types, and the process of individuation. Jung also differed from Freud in his views of the structure of personality, believing in additional parts of the psyche beyond the conscious mind.
Metaphysical poem "The Dream"by John Donnejinalparmar
This document is a paper analyzing John Donne's metaphysical poem "The Dream". It was written by Parmar Jinal B. for a Renaissance Literature class. The paper discusses Donne's use of metaphysical elements like far-fetched images and conceits in the poem. It analyzes specific lines where Donne uses conceits comparing the beloved to lightning and a torch, and comments on the metaphysical style of the poem.
Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest satirizes Victorian era moral and social values. The plot follows Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, two wealthy bachelors who use the pseudonym "Ernest" in the city and country respectively. Both Jack and Algernon fall in love, but their engagements are complicated by the women's insistence that they marry men named "Ernest." Throughout the acts, mistaken identities and misunderstandings arise until the final act reveals that Jack's real name is Ernest, allowing both marriages to proceed.
The document provides background information on Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, which uses the Salem witch trials of 1692 as an allegory for the anti-communist witch hunts of the 1950s led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. It discusses the historical context of the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism, as well as key characters and themes in Miller's play such as Abigail Williams' vendetta against Elizabeth Proctor and John Proctor's refusal to falsely confess to witchcraft and condemn others.
The document provides a summary of Oscar Wilde's play "An Ideal Husband". It discusses the plot, which involves a politician, Sir Robert Chiltern, being blackmailed over a past financial crime. Sir Robert is threatened with having his past revealed, which could ruin his career and marriage. The summary identifies the main characters, including Sir Robert, his wife Lady Chiltern, the blackmailer Mrs. Cheveley, and their friend Lord Goring. It also provides background on the themes of marriage, politics and gender roles in late Victorian Britain explored in the play.
Two men, Vladimir and Estragon, pass time by a tree waiting for someone named Godot to arrive, though they do not know when or if he will come. Throughout the day they encounter other characters like Pozzo and his servant Lucky. By the next day, circumstances have changed but Vladimir and Estragon remain, continuing their futile wait for Godot and debating the meaninglessness of their existence.
1) The document provides biographical information about author F. Scott Fitzgerald and summarizes his famous novel The Great Gatsby. 2) It discusses the key characters, plot, themes, motifs, and symbols of the novel. 3) The Great Gatsby tells the story of Jay Gatsby and his love for the character Daisy Buchanan set against the backdrop of the 1920s in New York City and is considered a masterful portrayal of the era.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
Question 1Psychology is the ________________ of ______________.docxJUST36
Question 1
Psychology is the ________________ of ________________ and mental processes.
A) study, the mind
B) knowledge, philosophy
C) study, personality
D) science, behavior
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 2
The best psychological information is typically based on
A) proven theories
B) opinions of experts and authorities
C) anthropomorphic
D) empirical evidence and measurements
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 3
Who among the following is most interested in the growth of young children?
A) learning theorist
B) personality theorist
C) comparative psychologist
D) developmental psychologist
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 4
Who among the following is LEAST likely to treat serious behavioral and emotional disturbances?
A) psychologist
B) counselor
C) psychiatrist
D) psychoanalyst
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 5
A hypothesis is a(n):
A)
observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables.
B)
testable prediction that gives direction to research.
C)
set of principles that organizes and explains newly discovered facts.
D)
unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 6
The cognitive perspective in psychology emphasizes how:
A)
feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
B)
people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
C)
behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
D)
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 7
All psychodynamic theories are based on the work of:
A) Titchner
B) Freud
C) Darwin
D) Piaget
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 8
Belief in astrology is based on the failure to:
A) collect relevant correlations
B) make use of introspection
C) distinguish between observation and inference
D) engage in critical thinking
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 9
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people, this would indicate that wealth and marital satis ...
This document contains a 50 question pretest for a psychology course covering chapters 7 and 11 on cognition, intelligence, and personality. The questions assess knowledge of key concepts like the different types of intelligence, stages of psychosexual development, personality theories of Freud, humanism, and traits. Response options are multiple choice with a single correct answer for each question.
1) The world as we know it today is characterized byA) more coll.docxdorishigh
1) The world as we know it today is characterized by
A) more collectivism in comparison to individualism
B) galloping technological changes
C) slower social change than was witnessed in previous decades
D) a movement toward increased industrialization and fewer service industries
2) The fear of technology is known as
A) technophobia
B) electronosis
C) decidophobia
D) computeritis
3) What is the most popular (frequent) method used by Americans to fi nd information?
A) radio
B) newspapers
C) Internet
D) TV
4) In today’s world, almost ________ percent of Americans use e-mail.
A) 75
B) 50
C) 100
D) 25
5) Which is NOT a technique to help the environment?
A) recycle
B) reproduce
C) reuse
D) reduce
6) Truly autonomous people who are unafraid to make important decisions and
who accept responsibility for their lives and their decisions are
A) collectivistic
B) self-actualized
C) normalistic
D) decidoteric
7) Researchers have found high stability across a life span for which personality
trait?
A) introversion-extroversion
B) authoritarianism
C) perfectionism
D) self-esteem
8) The highest degree of stability of personality has been found in the domain of
A) authoritarianism
B) introversion-extroversion
C) perfectionism
D) self-esteem
9) How does personal growth usually proceed?
A) acknowledgment, dissatisfaction, reorganization
B) dissonance, neutrality, consonance
C) dissatisfaction, reorganization, acknowledgment
D) dissonance, consonance, neutrality
10) The experience of personal growth usually ends with the stage of
A) changing our attitudes
B) reorganizing our experience
C) acknowledging change
D) feeling anxiety and discomfort
11) In which psychoanalytic stage did Freud say genuine love develops?
A) anal
B) genital
C) latency
D) oral
12) According to Erikson, the second stage of psychosocial development poses
the developmental task of
A) autonomy vs. shame
B) industry vs. inferiority
C) trust vs. mistrust
D) initiative vs. guilt
13) The process by which we learn by observing is called
A) reinforcement
B) punishment
C) observational learning
D) learning theory
14) ________ emphasizes the importance of learning and the environment rather
than biological or unconscious drives.
A) Jung’s analytical psychology
B) Bandura’s social learning theory
C) Erikson’s psychosocial theory
D) Freud’s psychodynamic theory
15) Ken argued with Audra that they should give up their stressful jobs and move
to a small town to start a winery. He was confi dent they would be successful.
Ken has high levels of
A) self-effi cacy
B) personality dynamism
C) self-actualizing tendency
D) ego as well as id
16) Humanistic psychology has received national prominence as
A) deconstructivist
B) the third force in psychology
C) emphasizing individual sameness
D) Freud’s theory
17) According to the concept of positive regard, children automatically develop a
need for
A) behavior rewards
B) acceptance by others
C) social consciousness
D) valuing self
18) According to Maslow, self-actua ...
1) The amount of information available for our use doubles every.docxdorishigh
1) The amount of information available for our use doubles every
A) two years
B) century
C) decade
D) 5-7 years
2) The highest levels of technophobia are exhibited by
A) women and minority group members
B) mid-level managers
C) children
D) middle-class men
3) What is the most popular (frequent) method used by Americans to find information?
A) radio
B) Internet
C) TV
D) newspapers
4) One of the dramatic changes in the United States today is the increase in
A) manufacturing and heavy industry
B) the homogeneity of the population
C) cultural diversity
D) blue-collar workers
5) People who habitually say, “Naturally, I act this way because of the way I grew up”
fail to realize, as the text suggests, that
A) free choice and responsibility go hand in hand
B) they have fewer options than their parents
C) they cannot take calculated risks
D) their choices are limited
6) All of the following traits remain rather stable over a lifetime EXCEPT
A) neuroticism
B) self-esteem
C) introversion
D) expressiveness
7) The experience of personal growth usually ends with the stage of
A) acknowledging change
B) feeling anxiety and discomfort
C) reorganizing our experience
D) changing our attitudes
8) We are more apt to have positive, gratifying feelings about an experience of personal
growth at the third and final stage designated as
A) sensing dissatisfaction
B) acknowledging change
C) experiencing dissonance
D) reorganizing our experience
9) When scientists examine existing data such as historical documents, they are using
the ________ method.
A) growth
B) conceptual
C) archival
D) empirical
10) In which psychoanalytic stage did Freud say genuine love develops?
A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) genital
11) Which concept is not part of Freud’s view of the psyche?
A) consciousness
B) unconscious
C) ultraconscious
D) preconscious
12) Carol likes Dr. Reed, the supervisor of her practice teaching. In fact, Carol often finds
herself adopting many of Dr. Reed’s methods and mannerisms in the classroom. Ban-
dura refers to this type of learning as
A) classical conditioning
B) observational learning
C) due to the effects of unconscious Oedipal wishes
D) identification with the parent figure
13) Social learning theorists such as Bandura regard the inconsistencies in human behav-
ior as largely the product of
A) conditioned responses
B) personality traits
C) unconscious conflicts
D) situational factors
14) From which perspective are psychologists most likely to argue that spanking is harm-
ful to children?
A) the humanistic perspective
B) the psychoanalysis perspective
C) the learning perspective
D) all of these
15) Humanistic psychology has received national prominence as
A) deconstructivist
B) emphasizing individual sameness
C) Freud’s theory
D) the third force in psychology
16) Research shows that older people score lower in ________ than younger people.
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) social vitality
D) all of the above
17) Research (Scarr) suggests that ________ ch ...
The document provides context on several key themes in James Joyce's short story "Araby". It begins by discussing how the story explores issues of growing up and coming of age through the first person narration of an adult reflecting on his youth. It also touches on themes of religion, sexuality, and unfulfilled desires represented by the boy's infatuation with his friend's sister. Literary devices used in the story are examined like imagery, symbolism, and the contrast between light and dark. The climax of the story involves the boy's disappointment at the bazaar when he is unable to buy a gift for the girl.
American dream and The Old Man and the SeaAvniDave1
This document discusses the American Dream and how it relates to Ernest Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea. It defines the American Dream as the ideals of democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity, and equality. It then analyzes how Santiago's dreams of lions in his youth represent his past strength and virility. His dream of catching the marlin represents his quest for the American Dream in his present struggle. The document concludes that Santiago symbolizes the American Dream through his success in winning the marlin through his own ability and power despite his old age.
- The document lists the group members and their student numbers who are submitting an assignment to their teacher, Mam Zulaikha. It then provides biographical information about Charles Lamb and analyzes his essay "Old China". The essay reflects on how one's ability to enjoy simple pleasures may diminish with wealth and increased means, as reminisced through a conversation between Elia and his cousin Bridget over a new set of china tea cups.
Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Jewish writer living in Prague in the early 20th century who felt like an outsider. He wrote The Metamorphosis in 1915, telling the story of Gregor Samsa who wakes up transformed into a large insect. Gregor's transformation represents alienation and meaninglessness in modern life. Through his new condition, Gregor begins an inward journey of self-discovery and accepting responsibility for his own life, ultimately finding meaning before his death. The story uses parable and symbolism to examine human psychology and behavior in a detached, thought-provoking way.
1) The document discusses the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, describing God as one entity composed of three coeternal persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
2) It then focuses on the Son as the second person of the Trinity, equal to God in essence. In Paradise Lost, the Son represents the merciful side of God and has qualities of power, bravery, and willingness to help mankind.
3) Adam and Eve are then described as the first humans created in Eden. Adam is presented as physically and mentally superior but shows respect, while Eve struggles with vanity. Both ultimately fall from grace by disobeying God's command.
Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London to an intellectual family. She grew up surrounded by literature but suffered from mental illness throughout her life. Some of her most famous works include Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando, which explored themes of feminism, mental illness, and the passage of time through modernist techniques. Woolf helped form the Bloomsbury Group and co-founded the Hogarth Press with her husband. Despite her struggles with mental health, she produced groundbreaking fiction until her death by suicide in 1941.
Laskavost k sobě a soucit se sebou v psychoterapiiJan Benda
Schopnost zaujmout k sobě samému emočně pozitivní postoj ve chvílích, kdy zažíváme trápení, selhání nebo si uvědomujeme nějaký svůj nedostatek, je důležitým aspektem regulace emocí a zároveň i předpokladem duševního zdraví a duševní pohody. Takový postoj, označovaný jako soucit se sebou (angl. self-compassion), je zřejmě i významným elementem psychoterapeutické změny.
Příspěvek představí koncept soucitu se sebou, který se vedle všímavosti (angl. mindfulness) stal v posledních letech jedním z dalších elementů tradiční buddhistické psychologie, vzbuzujících zájem západních odborníků. Porovná tento u nás nový koncept s příbuznými psychologickými pojmy. Nastíní předpokládaný vliv nedostatku soucitu se sebou v etiopatogenezi některých psychických poruch a zmíní možnosti, jak tento postoj k sobě rozvíjet. Uvede i výzkumné aktivity týkající se soucitu se sebou, jež aktuálně probíhají v České republice.
C.G. Jung (1875-1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. He had three periods in his career as a physician from 1900-1912 where he developed his ideas and theories. Some of his major contributions included concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes, extroversion and introversion personality types, and the process of individuation. Jung also differed from Freud in his views of the structure of personality, believing in additional parts of the psyche beyond the conscious mind.
Metaphysical poem "The Dream"by John Donnejinalparmar
This document is a paper analyzing John Donne's metaphysical poem "The Dream". It was written by Parmar Jinal B. for a Renaissance Literature class. The paper discusses Donne's use of metaphysical elements like far-fetched images and conceits in the poem. It analyzes specific lines where Donne uses conceits comparing the beloved to lightning and a torch, and comments on the metaphysical style of the poem.
Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest satirizes Victorian era moral and social values. The plot follows Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, two wealthy bachelors who use the pseudonym "Ernest" in the city and country respectively. Both Jack and Algernon fall in love, but their engagements are complicated by the women's insistence that they marry men named "Ernest." Throughout the acts, mistaken identities and misunderstandings arise until the final act reveals that Jack's real name is Ernest, allowing both marriages to proceed.
The document provides background information on Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, which uses the Salem witch trials of 1692 as an allegory for the anti-communist witch hunts of the 1950s led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. It discusses the historical context of the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism, as well as key characters and themes in Miller's play such as Abigail Williams' vendetta against Elizabeth Proctor and John Proctor's refusal to falsely confess to witchcraft and condemn others.
The document provides a summary of Oscar Wilde's play "An Ideal Husband". It discusses the plot, which involves a politician, Sir Robert Chiltern, being blackmailed over a past financial crime. Sir Robert is threatened with having his past revealed, which could ruin his career and marriage. The summary identifies the main characters, including Sir Robert, his wife Lady Chiltern, the blackmailer Mrs. Cheveley, and their friend Lord Goring. It also provides background on the themes of marriage, politics and gender roles in late Victorian Britain explored in the play.
Two men, Vladimir and Estragon, pass time by a tree waiting for someone named Godot to arrive, though they do not know when or if he will come. Throughout the day they encounter other characters like Pozzo and his servant Lucky. By the next day, circumstances have changed but Vladimir and Estragon remain, continuing their futile wait for Godot and debating the meaninglessness of their existence.
1) The document provides biographical information about author F. Scott Fitzgerald and summarizes his famous novel The Great Gatsby. 2) It discusses the key characters, plot, themes, motifs, and symbols of the novel. 3) The Great Gatsby tells the story of Jay Gatsby and his love for the character Daisy Buchanan set against the backdrop of the 1920s in New York City and is considered a masterful portrayal of the era.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
Question 1Psychology is the ________________ of ______________.docxJUST36
Question 1
Psychology is the ________________ of ________________ and mental processes.
A) study, the mind
B) knowledge, philosophy
C) study, personality
D) science, behavior
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 2
The best psychological information is typically based on
A) proven theories
B) opinions of experts and authorities
C) anthropomorphic
D) empirical evidence and measurements
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 3
Who among the following is most interested in the growth of young children?
A) learning theorist
B) personality theorist
C) comparative psychologist
D) developmental psychologist
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 4
Who among the following is LEAST likely to treat serious behavioral and emotional disturbances?
A) psychologist
B) counselor
C) psychiatrist
D) psychoanalyst
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 5
A hypothesis is a(n):
A)
observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables.
B)
testable prediction that gives direction to research.
C)
set of principles that organizes and explains newly discovered facts.
D)
unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 6
The cognitive perspective in psychology emphasizes how:
A)
feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
B)
people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
C)
behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
D)
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 7
All psychodynamic theories are based on the work of:
A) Titchner
B) Freud
C) Darwin
D) Piaget
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 8
Belief in astrology is based on the failure to:
A) collect relevant correlations
B) make use of introspection
C) distinguish between observation and inference
D) engage in critical thinking
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 points
Question 9
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people, this would indicate that wealth and marital satis ...
This document contains a 50 question pretest for a psychology course covering chapters 7 and 11 on cognition, intelligence, and personality. The questions assess knowledge of key concepts like the different types of intelligence, stages of psychosexual development, personality theories of Freud, humanism, and traits. Response options are multiple choice with a single correct answer for each question.
1) The world as we know it today is characterized byA) more coll.docxdorishigh
1) The world as we know it today is characterized by
A) more collectivism in comparison to individualism
B) galloping technological changes
C) slower social change than was witnessed in previous decades
D) a movement toward increased industrialization and fewer service industries
2) The fear of technology is known as
A) technophobia
B) electronosis
C) decidophobia
D) computeritis
3) What is the most popular (frequent) method used by Americans to fi nd information?
A) radio
B) newspapers
C) Internet
D) TV
4) In today’s world, almost ________ percent of Americans use e-mail.
A) 75
B) 50
C) 100
D) 25
5) Which is NOT a technique to help the environment?
A) recycle
B) reproduce
C) reuse
D) reduce
6) Truly autonomous people who are unafraid to make important decisions and
who accept responsibility for their lives and their decisions are
A) collectivistic
B) self-actualized
C) normalistic
D) decidoteric
7) Researchers have found high stability across a life span for which personality
trait?
A) introversion-extroversion
B) authoritarianism
C) perfectionism
D) self-esteem
8) The highest degree of stability of personality has been found in the domain of
A) authoritarianism
B) introversion-extroversion
C) perfectionism
D) self-esteem
9) How does personal growth usually proceed?
A) acknowledgment, dissatisfaction, reorganization
B) dissonance, neutrality, consonance
C) dissatisfaction, reorganization, acknowledgment
D) dissonance, consonance, neutrality
10) The experience of personal growth usually ends with the stage of
A) changing our attitudes
B) reorganizing our experience
C) acknowledging change
D) feeling anxiety and discomfort
11) In which psychoanalytic stage did Freud say genuine love develops?
A) anal
B) genital
C) latency
D) oral
12) According to Erikson, the second stage of psychosocial development poses
the developmental task of
A) autonomy vs. shame
B) industry vs. inferiority
C) trust vs. mistrust
D) initiative vs. guilt
13) The process by which we learn by observing is called
A) reinforcement
B) punishment
C) observational learning
D) learning theory
14) ________ emphasizes the importance of learning and the environment rather
than biological or unconscious drives.
A) Jung’s analytical psychology
B) Bandura’s social learning theory
C) Erikson’s psychosocial theory
D) Freud’s psychodynamic theory
15) Ken argued with Audra that they should give up their stressful jobs and move
to a small town to start a winery. He was confi dent they would be successful.
Ken has high levels of
A) self-effi cacy
B) personality dynamism
C) self-actualizing tendency
D) ego as well as id
16) Humanistic psychology has received national prominence as
A) deconstructivist
B) the third force in psychology
C) emphasizing individual sameness
D) Freud’s theory
17) According to the concept of positive regard, children automatically develop a
need for
A) behavior rewards
B) acceptance by others
C) social consciousness
D) valuing self
18) According to Maslow, self-actua ...
1) The amount of information available for our use doubles every.docxdorishigh
1) The amount of information available for our use doubles every
A) two years
B) century
C) decade
D) 5-7 years
2) The highest levels of technophobia are exhibited by
A) women and minority group members
B) mid-level managers
C) children
D) middle-class men
3) What is the most popular (frequent) method used by Americans to find information?
A) radio
B) Internet
C) TV
D) newspapers
4) One of the dramatic changes in the United States today is the increase in
A) manufacturing and heavy industry
B) the homogeneity of the population
C) cultural diversity
D) blue-collar workers
5) People who habitually say, “Naturally, I act this way because of the way I grew up”
fail to realize, as the text suggests, that
A) free choice and responsibility go hand in hand
B) they have fewer options than their parents
C) they cannot take calculated risks
D) their choices are limited
6) All of the following traits remain rather stable over a lifetime EXCEPT
A) neuroticism
B) self-esteem
C) introversion
D) expressiveness
7) The experience of personal growth usually ends with the stage of
A) acknowledging change
B) feeling anxiety and discomfort
C) reorganizing our experience
D) changing our attitudes
8) We are more apt to have positive, gratifying feelings about an experience of personal
growth at the third and final stage designated as
A) sensing dissatisfaction
B) acknowledging change
C) experiencing dissonance
D) reorganizing our experience
9) When scientists examine existing data such as historical documents, they are using
the ________ method.
A) growth
B) conceptual
C) archival
D) empirical
10) In which psychoanalytic stage did Freud say genuine love develops?
A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) genital
11) Which concept is not part of Freud’s view of the psyche?
A) consciousness
B) unconscious
C) ultraconscious
D) preconscious
12) Carol likes Dr. Reed, the supervisor of her practice teaching. In fact, Carol often finds
herself adopting many of Dr. Reed’s methods and mannerisms in the classroom. Ban-
dura refers to this type of learning as
A) classical conditioning
B) observational learning
C) due to the effects of unconscious Oedipal wishes
D) identification with the parent figure
13) Social learning theorists such as Bandura regard the inconsistencies in human behav-
ior as largely the product of
A) conditioned responses
B) personality traits
C) unconscious conflicts
D) situational factors
14) From which perspective are psychologists most likely to argue that spanking is harm-
ful to children?
A) the humanistic perspective
B) the psychoanalysis perspective
C) the learning perspective
D) all of these
15) Humanistic psychology has received national prominence as
A) deconstructivist
B) emphasizing individual sameness
C) Freud’s theory
D) the third force in psychology
16) Research shows that older people score lower in ________ than younger people.
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) social vitality
D) all of the above
17) Research (Scarr) suggests that ________ ch ...
test bank Psychology in Modules, 13e David Myers, Nathan DeWall test bank.pdfNailBasko
This document contains a multiple choice quiz on concepts in psychology. It covers topics like:
- Early schools of thought like structuralism and functionalism that studied mental processes.
- Wilhelm Wundt who established the first psychology laboratory and used experiments.
- John B. Watson who established behaviorism which studies observable behavior.
- Sigmund Freud who developed psychoanalytic psychology which studies unconscious thought processes.
- Humanistic psychology developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow which focuses on growth potential.
Abnormal Psychology 12th Edition Kring Test BankStephensonner
This document provides information about import settings and a multiple choice quiz with questions about paradigms in psychopathology. It includes 15 questions about the genetic paradigm, focusing on topics like heritability, genes, alleles, phenotypes, and gene-environment interactions. It also includes 5 questions about the neuroscience paradigm, concerning topics such as neurotransmitters, synapses, and the link between aberrant brain processes and mental disorders. The document tests understanding of the essentials of the genetic, neuroscience, and cognitive behavioral paradigms in psychopathology.
FINAL EXAMNote It is recommended that you save your response as.docxssuser454af01
FINAL EXAM
Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.
Question 1 (1 point)
Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following?
Question 1 options:
a)
The science of behavior
b)
The study of mental processes
c)
The study of mental disorders and their treatment
d)
The science of mind and behavior
Question 2 (1 point)
One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful earthquake occurred in California. “I told you the big one would hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the _____ bias.
Question 2 options:
a)
cognitive
b)
hindsight
c)
predictive
d)
foresight
Question 3 (1 point)
Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the _____ method.
Question 3 options:
a)
deductive
b)
psychological
c)
rational
d)
scientific
Question 4 (1 point)
Andrea is reading a general, comprehensive explanation of the causes of human aggression in the introduction to a research report in psychology. Andrea is reading a(n):
Question 4 options:
a)
theory
b)
hypothesis
c)
operational definition
d)
explanation
Question 5 (1 point)
A hypothesis is best defined as a(n):
Question 5 options:
a)
specific prediction concerning the relationship between variables
b)
specification of a variable in terms of the procedures that will be used to measure it
c)
broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest
d)
behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different values
Question 6 (1 point)
Which of the following researchers is conducting a case study?
Question 6 options:
a)
Dr. Henriette, who is measuring how fast a group of students can respond to a stimulus.
b)
Dr. Innis, who is examining the tactile perception of a blind woman
c)
Dr. Jenner, who is observing children on a playground
d)
Dr. Kulik, who is combing through newspaper stories on serial killers
Question 7 (1 point)
The number of violent TV shows that a child watches is positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the child’s play. Why might this be?
Question 7 options:
a)
Viewing violent TV causes aggressive behavior
b)
Aggressive behavior causes viewing violent TV
c)
There is a third common-causal variable that creates the correlation
d)
A, B, or C may be correct but the correlation cannot tell us which one is correct
Question 8 (1 point)
Which of the following is the goal of experimental research?
Question 8 options:
a)
To assess the validity of a measurement
b)
To assess the relationships among variables
c)
To assess the current state of affairs
d)
To assess the causal influence of one or more manipulations
Question 9 (1 point)
Psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the pattern of enduring characteristics that lend stability and consistency to an individual's behavior and serve to differentiate one individual from another.
Qu ...
This document provides a review on key concepts in the philosophy of the human person. It contains 50 multiple choice questions covering topics like ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle, medieval philosophers like Thomas Aquinas, modern philosophers like Descartes and Hume, and concepts in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and existentialism. The review tests understanding of philosophical definitions and analyses of concepts related to human nature, knowledge, freedom, and the mind-body problem.
Sociology for Everyone 1st Edition Ravelli Test BankMaxineMueller
The document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology, including:
- The sociological imagination allows one to see how personal issues are influenced by larger social forces.
- Early theorists like Comte, Marx, Durkheim and Weber established sociology's foundations by studying how industrialization impacted society.
- Contemporary theories like globalization and feminism examine how social structures shape individual experiences in modern times.
- Sociology utilizes different perspectives from macro to micro levels to understand human groups and social phenomena.
Test bank criminal behavior a psychological approach 12e bartol.pdfDonc Test
Test bank criminal behavior a psychological approach 12e bartol.pdf
Test bank criminal behavior a psychological approach 12e bartol.pdf
Test bank criminal behavior a psychological approach 12e bartol.pdf
test bank Exploring Psychology in Modules,12e David Myers, Nathan DeWall test...NailBasko
1. The document is a multiple choice quiz about concepts in psychology. It covers topics like the empirical approach, structuralism, functionalism, introspection, behaviorism, psychoanalytic psychology, and critical thinking.
2. Early sections discuss defining features of the empirical approach, structuralism, and functionalism from the late 19th century. Later questions cover behaviorism with figures like Watson, as well as the development of psychoanalytic psychology with Freud.
3. The quiz concludes by assessing understanding of concepts like the scientific attitude, skepticism, and critical thinking as they relate to conducting psychological research.
Subject PSY 011Name1. Useful theoriesA. lead to practica.docxhanneloremccaffery
Subject: PSY 011
Name:
1. Useful theories
A. lead to practical solutions to problems
B. provide researchers with many testable hypotheses
C. stimulate debate and research
D. all of the above
2. Random assignment is used to control for
A. Experimenter bias
B. The placebo effect
C. Selection bias
D. Participants bias
3. A _______ psychologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders
A. Social B. Development C. Clinical D. Cognitive
4. Which of the following psychologists is associated with the humanistic perspective?
A. Maslow B. Darwin C. Watson D. Freud
5. The branch like extensions of neurons that act as receivers of signals from other neurons are the
A. dendrites B. axons C. neurotransmitters D. cell bodies
6. According to a growing consensus among trait theorists, there are _______ major dimensions of personality
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 16
7. The electrical charge inside a neuron is about -70mV and is known as the blank potential.
A. Action B. Refractory C. Resting D. Impulse
8. An illusion is
A. an imaginary sensation B. an impossible figure
C. a misperception of a real stimulus D. a figure-ground reversal
9. Perception is the process we used to
A. organize and interpret stimuli B. detect stimuli
C. gather information from the environment D. retrieve information from memory
10. The process by which humans detect visual, auditory, and other stimuli is known as
A. perception B. transduction C. sensation D. threshold
11. Tactile is used in reference to the sense of
A. smell B. balance C. taste D. touch
12. Which of the following best defines consciousness?
A. Awareness B. Wakefulness C. Perceptiveness D. Rationality
13. Which type of sleep seems to a learning and memory?
A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 and 4 D. REM sleep
14. Dreams are difficult to remember because most of them occurred during Stage 4 sleep.(T/F)
15. Which theory proposes that the purpose of sleep is to allow the body to test an recover?
A. Restorative theory of sleep B. Evolutionary theory of sleep
C. Adaptive theory of sleep D. Circadian theory of sleep.
16. A dog’s salivation in response to a musical note is a(n) (conditioned, unconditioned) response.
17. Punishment is roughly the same as negative reinforcement. (T/F)
18. Pavlov is associated with _______ conditioning.
A. Classical B. Operant C. Cognitive D. Watsonian
19. Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory is called _______; bringing to mind the material that has been stored is called _______.
A. Encoding; decoding B. Consolidation; retrieval
C. Consolidation; decoding D. Encoding; retrieval
20. When you remember where you were an what you were doing when you received a shocking piece of news, you are experiencing
A. flashbulb memory B. sensory memory
C. semantic imagery D. interference
21. The 1st s.
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Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition Cloninger Test Bank
1. 75
Theories of Personality, 6e (Cloninger)
Chapter 2
Multiple Choice
1) Chapter two begins with a psychoanalytic discussion of Adolf Hitler. According to the author’s
analysis, at what stage was Hitler fixated?
A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) genital
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 20
Question Type: Factual
2) In the analysis of Adolf Hitler, to what did the analysts attribute Hitler’s tyrannical rage?
A) His underdeveloped id.
B) His overactive superego.
C) His failure as an artist.
D) His weak/non-existent ego.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 20
Question Type: Factual
3) Which of the following is the least important influence on human thought and behavior, according to
Freud?
A) childhood emotion
B) instincts
C) reason
D) unconscious forces
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 21
Question Type: Factual
4) Freud's theory challenged our trust in
A) conscious experience.
B) science.
C) therapy.
D) hypnosis.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1, p, 22
Question Type: Factual
5) Before he became a psychoanalyst, Freud was a
A) business executive.
B) neurologist.
C) rabbi.
D) singer.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p.22
Question Type: Factual
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition Cloninger Test Bank
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2. 76
6) The term "psychic determinism" refers to
A) the scientific method.
B) the influence of the unconscious.
C) extra-sensory perception.
D) will power.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 23
Question Type: Factual
7) Freud explained neurotic symptoms according to the principle of
A) psychic determinism.
B) mesmerism.
C) hypnosis.
D) catharsis.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 23
Question Type: Factual
8) Freud's "iceberg metaphor" illustrates that
A) most people are "cold."
B) repression requires energy.
C) most of the mind’s processes are unconscious.
D) the same substance can appear in quite different forms.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 23
Question Type: Conceptual
9) The conscious mind is
A) the major component of the personality (according to Freud).
B) experience of which we have awareness.
C) expressed in dreams.
D) repressed.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1, p. 23
Question Type: Factual
10) Material that is not in awareness at a particular time, but that can readily be recalled if we try, is
A) unconscious.
B) preconscious.
C) conscious.
D) postconscious.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 23
Question Type: Factual
3. 77
11) Mental processes of which we are chronically unaware are called
A) preconscious.
B) conscious.
C) sublimated.
D) unconscious.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1, pp. 23-24
Question Type: Factual
12) According to Freud, a child who has been sexually abused and who cannot remember the experience
A) is psychotic.
B) is lucky, since the event cannot have produced any psychological damage.
C) has suppressed the experience into the preconscious.
D) has repressed the experience into the unconscious.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 24
Question Type: Conceptual
13) Because of an unconscious guilt about what she has said, a woman becomes mute, unable to speak.
This is an example of
A) hypnosis.
B) conversion hysteria.
C) preconsciousness.
D) malingering.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 24
Question Type: Conceptual
14) Hypnosis is best described as
A) a separate state of consciousness.
B) a fraudulent claim.
C) a state of great suggestibility.
D) an epileptic-like seizure.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3, p. 24
Question Type: Factual
15) Which of the following is not caused by unconscious forces, according to Freud?
A) psychosis
B) dreams
C) intentional actions
D) forgetting
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, pp. 24 - 26
Question Type: Factual
4. 78
16) Freud praised __________ as "the royal road to the unconscious."
A) hallucinations
B) dreams
C) hypnosis
D) free association
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p, 25
Question Type: Factual
17) "Let me introduce today's topic, psychoanalysis, developed by Dr. FRAUD," says the instructor. This
error illustrates a
A) countertransference.
B) conversion hysteria.
C) Freudian slip.
D) cathexis.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 26
Question Type: Conceptual
18) A "Freudian slip" is caused by
A) unconscious wishes.
B) childhood trauma.
C) dreams.
D) catharsis.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 26
Question Type: Factual
19) The characteristics of dream work described by Freud do not include
A) Condensation
B) Projection
C) Symbolism
D) Displacement
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 26
Question Type: Factual
20) According to Freud's hedonic hypothesis, people seek
A) consciousness.
B) pleasure.
C) ego.
D) the opposite-sex parent.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 27
Question Type: Factual
5. 79
21) Researchers have used projective tests to investigate each of the following motives with the exception
of
A) Achievement motives
B) Affiliation motives
C) Intimacy motives
D) All the above
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1, p. 27
Question Type: Factual
22) The unconscious is least likely to be revealed through
A) The interpretation of dreams
B) Humor
C) Objective tests
D) Free association
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, pp. 25 – 27, 38
Question Type: Factual
23) The most primitive structure of personality is the
A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) Oedipus conflict.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
24) The energy of personality is called
A) libido.
B) cathexis.
C) homeostasis.
D) sublimation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
25) The two kinds of psychic energy are
A) conscious and unconscious.
B) neurotic and normal.
C) Eros and Thanatos.
D) primary process and secondary process.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
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26) The aim of instincts is
A) mental health.
B) sublimation.
C) tension reduction.
D) unknown.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3, pp. 28 - 29
Question Type: Factual
27) The four characteristics of instincts do not include
A) Object
B) Resource
C) Aim
D) Pressure
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, pp. 28 - 29
Question Type: Factual
28) The person or thing in the real world that permits an instinct to be satisfied is termed a(n)
A) aim.
B) object.
C) pressure.
D) source.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
29) The id functions according to
A) primary process.
B) secondary process.
C) tertiary process.
D) the reality principle.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
30) Which structure of personality is responsible for conscious adaptation to reality?
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1, p. 29 – 30
Question Type: Factual
7. 81
31) The ego functions according to the __________ principle.
A) hedonic
B) reality
C) libidinal
D) homeostatic
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
32) Which structure of personality corresponds to the "voice of conscience," warning us to avoid evil?
A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) hallucination
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 30
Question Type: Factual
33) The superego corresponds to
A) reality.
B) mature ethics.
C) highly developed personal qualities.
D) childish understandings of morality.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3, p. 30
Question Type: Conceptual
34) __________ signals that id impulses may break through (overcome repression) and be expressed.
A) Moral anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Reality anxiety
D) Hedonic anxiety
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 30
Question Type: Factual
35) The purpose of defense mechanisms is to
A) resolve intra-psychic conflict.
B) preserve life.
C) preserve sleep.
D) signal that the id may take over the personality.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 31
Question Type: Conceptual
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36) Which of the defense mechanisms listed below is the most primitive?
A) projection
B) denial
C) identification
D) rationalization
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 31
Question Type: Conceptual
37) A person who unconsciously hates a sibling, but consciously feels only love for the sibling, is using
the defense mechanism of
A) projection.
B) isolation.
C) identification.
D) reaction formation.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 30
Question Type: Conceptual
38) In the defense mechanism of __________, the person's own unacceptable impulse is instead thought
to belong to someone else.
A) projection
B) isolation
C) identification
D) reaction formation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, pp. 31 - 32
Question Type: Factual
39) A child who is really angry with his or her mother yells at the baby-sitter instead. Which defense
mechanism is this?
A) projection
B) reaction formation
C) isolation
D) displacement
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 32
Question Type: Conceptual
40) A person who borrows or merges his or her identity with someone else, such as a powerful parent, is
using the defense mechanism of
A) identification.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) rationalization.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 32
Question Type: Conceptual
9. 83
41) A parent who punishes a child because of unconscious aggression, but who gives plausible reasons
("It will teach the child obedience," and so forth) is using the defense mechanism of
A) identification.
B) rationalization.
C) projection.
D) denial.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 32
Question Type: Conceptual
42) Which kind of person is most likely to deal with impulses through sublimation?
A) a child
B) a psychotic
C) a neurotic
D) a creative artist
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 33
Question Type: Conceptual
43) George has been diagnosed as having a sexual identity disorder and he is seeking gender-
reassignment surgery. How would psychoanalytic theorists explain George’s desire to voluntarily
castrate himself?
A) George is projecting his sexual perversions onto others.
B) George has identified too closely with his mother and therefore he must castrate himself.
C) George is upset with his father and is displacing that anger onto his own sexuality.
D) George’s biology matches that of a woman and that is why he desires the surgery.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 33
Question Type: Conceptual
44) Defense mechanisms can be measured by
A) interviews.
B) projective tests.
C) self-report inventories.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 33
Question Type: Factual
45) People with a repressive coping style
A) seldom become anxious.
B) usually outgrow this defensiveness.
C) use negative emotion as a cue to repress or forget material.
D) all of the above.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3, pp. 33-34
Question Type: Factual
10. 84
46) What has cross-cultural research examining defense mechanisms found?
A) Although there were some slight differences, samples in the U.S. and Thailand were quite similar in
their use of defense mechanisms.
B) People in Thailand do not display any of the defense mechanisms.
C) Women in both countries used the defense mechanisms, but the men did not.
D) Defense mechanisms vary wildly across cultures.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 34
Question Type: Factual
47) In order of their occurrence, the first three psychosexual stages are:
A) anal, oral, phallic
B) phallic, anal, oral
C) oral, anal, phallic
D) oral, phallic, anal
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, pp. 34-37
Question Type: Factual
48) By age __________, the personality has been formed, according to Freud.
A) two
B) five
C) ten
D) eighteen
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
49) Fixation during the oral period typically results in certain oral character traits. Which of the following
is not an oral trait?
A) dependency
B) obstinacy
C) optimism
D) passivity
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
50) Optimism, passivity, and dependency are characteristic of the
A) oral character.
B) anal character.
C) phallic character.
D) latent character.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
11. 85
51) Orderliness, parsimony, and obstinacy are characteristic of the
A) oral character.
B) anal character.
C) phallic character.
D) genital character.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
52) Attitudes toward money are, according to psychoanalytic theory, related to development during the
__________ stage.
A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) latency
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
53) During the Oedipal Conflict, according to Freud, what do boys want from their mothers?
A) attention
B) nurturance
C) a sexual relationship
D) a baby sister or brother
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
54) During the Oedipal stage, boys are afraid of
A) all women.
B) their mothers.
C) castration.
D) failure in school.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
55) During the phallic period, a boy may develop
A) a superego.
B) male sex-typing.
C) an Oedipus complex.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
12. 86
56) Sex roles, according to Freud, are learned at about age
A) two.
B) four.
C) ten.
D) fourteen.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3, pp. 36-37
Question Type: Factual
57) Male and female superego development are different, according to Freud, because
A) fathers usually spend little time at home.
B) girls usually have better language skills than boys.
C) parents usually want to have a son, rather than a daughter.
D) boys have penises, but girls don't.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, pp. 36-37
Question Type: Factual
58) Normal feminine development, according to Freud, results in the traits of
A) nurturance and warmth.
B) happiness and enthusiasm.
C) optimism and generosity.
D) passivity and masochism.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3, pp. 36-37
Question Type: Factual
59) According to Freud's latest thinking, in the Electra phase
A) young girls fantasize being their fathers' lovers.
B) girls are often seduced by their fathers.
C) girls as well as boys are interested in science.
D) girls are closer to their mothers than to their fathers.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3, p. 37
Question Type: Factual
60) Before he abandoned the seduction hypothesis, Freud believed that psychiatric maladjustment in his
female patients was caused by
A) incest between daughters and their fathers.
B) excessive talk about adult sexuality in the presence of children.
C) seduction of children by strangers.
D) fear of sexual temptations.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 37
Question Type: Factual
13. 87
61) Psychoanalytic theory says that fixation during the phallic period results in problems with
A) sexual promiscuity.
B) homosexuality.
C) superego formation.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3, p. 37
Question Type: Factual
62) Freud described middle childhood as a time of
A) important psychosexual development.
B) conflict with the parents.
C) peer group interaction.
D) relative calm for the sexual instincts.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 37
Question Type: Factual
63) The most healthy, developed personality is called a(n) __________ in Freudian theory.
A) anal character
B) genital character
C) oral character
D) phallic character
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, pp. 37 - 38
Question Type: Factual
64) Freud's criterion of mental health is
A) love and work.
B) frequency of dreaming.
C) willingness to undergo psychoanalysis.
D) wealth.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
65) The basic technique of psychoanalysis is
A) dream interpretation.
B) free association.
C) transference.
D) catharsis.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
14. 88
66) During psychoanalytic treatment, buried feelings may emerge from the unconscious. This is called
A) cathexis.
B) catharsis.
C) free association.
D) transference.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
67) __________ refers to awareness of one's true motivations, and is achieved in psychoanalytic
treatment.
A) Insight
B) Intellectualization
C) Rationalization
D) Interpretation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
68) If a patient falls in love with her (or his) psychoanalyst, she (or he) is probably experiencing
A) sublimation.
B) countertransference.
C) transference.
D) catharsis.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Conceptual
69) If a psychoanalyst falls in love with his (or her) patient, he (or she) is probably experiencing
A) transference.
B) countertransference.
C) free association.
D) seduction.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Conceptual
70) According to your text, what does research say about the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment?
A) It is not effective.
B) It is less effective than other therapies, but better than no treatment.
C) Results are mixed compared to other treatment but is shown to be more effective for psychosomatic
disorders.
D) It is generally as effective as other treatments, and probably more effective for phobias.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
15. 89
71) The recovered memory controversy is concerned with memories
A) of prenatal experience.
B) conveyed from another person by telepathic powers.
C) of childhood sexual abuse that have troubled people throughout their lives.
D) of childhood sexual abuse that are not recalled until therapy.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2, p. 39
Question Type: Factual
72) As a scientific theory, psychoanalysis
A) has been well supported by many experimental studies.
B) has been supported in its statements about development but not about therapy.
C) fails to make clear, verifiable predictions.
D) uses highly reliable measurement, such as projective tests.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 39
Question Type: Factual
73) Silverman tested psychoanalytic research using the technique of
A) dream interpretation.
B) Rorschach inkblot tests.
C) hypnosis.
D) subliminal psychodynamic activation.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3, p. 40
Question Type: Factual
74) The phrase "Mommy and I are one" generally has __________ effects, according to Silverman's
experiments.
A) beneficial
B) harmful
C) psychosomatic
D) no
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 40
Question Type: Factual
75) Which statement best describes the current cognitive interpretation of the unconscious?
A) Some material is not conscious because it was never the focus of attention.
B) Material is unconscious if conscious awareness would be too anxiety provoking.
C) Material is unconscious if it is dynamically related to fixations.
D) Material becomes unconscious if a person was tired when events occurred.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, pp. 40-41
Question Type: Conceptual
16. 90
76) Which statement best describes explanations of the unconscious?
A) Both Freud and modern theorists propose a dynamic unconscious.
B) Both Freud and modern theorists propose a cognitive unconscious.
C) Freud proposed a dynamic unconscious; modern theorists propose a cognitive unconscious.
D) Freud proposed a cognitive unconscious; modern theorists propose a dynamic unconscious.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2, p. 41
Question Type: Conceptual
True/False
77) Psychoanalysts believe that Adolf Hitler had an unresolved Oedipus Complex wherein he hated his
abusive father and loved his overprotective mother.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 20
Question Type: Factual
78) In his analysis of Hitler, Henry Murray suggested that Hitler had all of the symptoms of paranoid
schizophrenia.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 20
Question Type: Factual
79) In the analysis of Adolf Hitler, Henry Murray suggested that Hitler had higher levels of eros energy
than thanatos energy.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, pp. 20 - 21
Question Type: Factual
80) Material that has been repressed is said to be "unconscious."
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 1, pp. 23 - 24
Question Type: Factual
81) People generally identify with their unconscious mental processes.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 24
Question Type: Factual
82) Hypnosis has been shown to be able to help treat a number of conditions including asthma, warts,
psoriasis, and eating disorders.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 1, p. 24
Question Type: Factual
83) According to Freud, in cases of "conversion hysteria," physical symptoms (paralysis, deafness, tics,
and so forth) are caused by unconscious forces.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 24
Question Type: Factual
17. 91
84) "Glove anesthesia" has been shown to result from neurological damage.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 24
Question Type: Factual
85) Hypnosis is a separate brain state, not influenced by social factors.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 25
Question Type: Factual
86) Freud considered psychosis to be the experiencing of the unconscious in the raw.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 25
Question Type: Factual
87) The hidden meaning underlying dream symbols is called the "manifest content" of a dream.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 25
Question Type: Factual
88) Freud did not believe that further information apart from the dream itself was necessary for the
dreams interpretation.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 26
Question Type: Factual
89) The id functions according to the pleasure principle.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 1, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
90) Thanatos is "the death instinct."
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
91) Source, pressure, aim, and object are the four characteristics of instincts.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, pp. 28 – 29
Question Type: Factual
92) In humans, the object of an instinct is determined by biological factors and is not changed by
experience.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
18. 92
93) The ego operates according to the pleasure principle.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 1, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
94) The ego functions according to the reality principle.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 1, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
95) The superego functions according to primary process.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 30
Question Type: Factual
96) The "ego ideal" is an image of what a person would like to be.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 30
Question Type: Factual
97) The id, ego, and superego coexist peacefully.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 1, p. 30
Question Type: Conceptual
98) Repression of unacceptable thoughts or impulses requires psychic energy.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 30
Question Type: Conceptual
99) A person who uses projection as a defense mechanism perceives other people as having
characteristics (such as dishonesty) that are actually the person's own unconscious wishes.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, pp. 31 - 32
Question Type: Conceptual
100) Cultural scapegoats can be unfairly accused of immoral acts because of the defense mechanism of
projection.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 3, p. 32
Question Type: Factual
101) An overweight person who defends his or her overeating with many reasons ("I need the energy," "I
need the vitamins," and so forth) is using the defense mechanism of rationalization.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 3, p. 32
Question Type: Conceptual
19. 93
102) The most desirable and healthy way of dealing with unacceptable impulses is intellectualization.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 33
Question Type: Factual
103) Defense mechanisms cannot be measured by psychological tests.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 3, p. 33
Question Type: Factual
104) Psychoanalytic theory suggests that people desiring sexual reassignment surgery are displacing
childhood sexual trauma.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 33
Question Type: Factual
105) Cross-cultural research suggests that the defense mechanisms are largely universal.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 2, p. 34
Question Type: Factual
106) Fixation can result from a child’s early experience of psychic trauma
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 3, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
107) The first psychosexual stage is the anal stage.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 1, pp. 34 - 35
Question Type: Factual
108) As the infant develops from the oral erotic to the oral sadistic phase, he or she becomes increasingly
passive.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 3, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
109) Fixation in the oral period often results in the character trait of dependency.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 3, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
110) The anal period occurs when the child is two and three years old.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 1, p. 35
Question Type: Factual
111) Fixation at the anal phase may result in conflicts over issues of control.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: 3, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
20. 94
112) According to Freud, girls differ from boys in that they do not want a sexual union with the opposite
sex parent during the phallic period.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, pp. 36 - 37
Question Type: Conceptual
113) Freud thought that it was normal and healthy for a woman to prefer a career to motherhood.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, pp. 36 - 37
Question Type: Conceptual
114) It has been conclusively demonstrated that childhood seduction causes hysteria.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 2, p. 37
Question Type: Factual
115) In psychoanalytic treatment, the patient is instructed to say only things that are sensible and rational,
in order to practice good ego skills.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: 1, p. 38
Question Type: Conceptual
Essay
116) Your book provides an in-depth Freudian analysis of Adolf Hitler. Summarize the analysis and
describe how psychoanalytic theory explains Hitler’s behavior.
Difficulty: 3, pp. 19 – 21
117) Discuss why the time in which Freud practiced and theorized should be considered when evaluating
his ideas.
Difficulty: 3, p. 22
118) Explain Freud's concept of psychic determinism. Give two hypothetical examples and explain them
in terms of psychic determinism.
Difficulty: 2, p. 23
119) Discuss the therapeutic benefits of hypnosis and the different theories explaining hypnosis.
Difficulty: 3, pp. 24 – 25
120) Alex dreams that he has a brand new baseball bat, bigger than any he has had before. Discuss this
dream from a Freudian perspective. In your answer, include the manifest content of the dream and
the latent content of the dream.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 25 - 26
121) Discuss the role of humor in the expression of the unconscious.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 26 – 27
122) List and discuss the four basic aspects of instincts.
Difficulty: 3, pp. 28 – 29
123) Explain the functions of the id, the superego, and the ego.
Difficulty: 1, pp. 28 - 30
21. 95
124) What is intrapsychic conflict? Describe the roles of the id, the ego, and the superego in this conflict.
Difficulty: 3, p. 30
125) What is the purpose of defense mechanisms? List three defense mechanisms, and give an example
of each.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 31 - 33
126) Explain what motivates an artist to paint, according to Freudian theory.
Difficulty: 2, p. 33
121) List the five psychosexual stages of development. What development occurs in each of the first
three stages?
Difficulty: 2, pp. 34 - 38
122) Summarize and discuss Freud's theory of the personality differences between males and females.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 36 - 37
123) Discuss the controversy over Freud's seduction hypothesis.
Difficulty: 3, p. 37
124) Describe psychoanalytic treatment.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 38 - 39
125) What is the recovered memory controversy? What does available scientific evidence indicate?
Difficulty: 3, p. 39
126) Describe empirical evidence that tests Freud's theory.
Difficulty: 2, pp. 39 - 40
127) Discuss Silverman’s experiments on subliminal psychodynamic activation.
Difficulty: 3, p. 40
128) Discuss the concept of nonconscious cognition and how it differs from Freud’s idea of the
unconscious.
Difficulty: 3, pp. 40 - 41
22. 96
Name:________________________________
Chapter 2 – Quick Quiz
1) Mental processes of which we are chronically unaware are called
A) preconscious.
B) conscious.
C) sublimated.
D) unconscious.
2) The most primitive structure of personality is the
A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) Oedipus conflict.
3) Which structure of personality is responsible for conscious adaptation to reality?
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious
4) Which structure of personality corresponds to the "voice of conscience," warning us to avoid evil?
A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) hallucination
5) The purpose of defense mechanisms is to
A) resolve intrapsychic conflict.
B) preserve life.
C) preserve sleep.
D) signal that the id may take over the personality.
6) In order of their occurrence, the first three psychosexual stages are:
A) anal, oral, phallic.
B) phallic, anal, oral.
C) oral, anal, phallic.
D) oral, phallic, anal.
7) During the Oedipal stage, boys are afraid of
A) all women.
B) their mothers.
C) castration.
D) failure in school.
8) According to Freud's latest thinking, in the Electra phase
A) young girls fantasize being their fathers' lovers.
B) girls are often seduced by their fathers.
C) girls as well as boys are interested in science.
D) girls are closer to their mothers than to their fathers.
23. 97
9) Freud's criterion of mental health is
A) love and work.
B) frequency of dreaming.
C) willingness to undergo psychoanalysis.
D) wealth.
10) During psychoanalytic treatment, buried feelings may emerge from the unconscious. This is called
A) cathexis.
B) catharsis.
C) free association.
D) transference.
24. 98
Answer Key
Chapter 2 – Quick Quiz
1. Answer: D
Difficulty: 1, pp. 23 - 24
Question Type: Factual
2. Answer: A
Difficulty: 1, p. 28
Question Type: Factual
3. Answer: B
Difficulty: 1, p. 29
Question Type: Factual
4. Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 30
Question Type: Factual
5. Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 30
Question Type: Conceptual
6. Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 34
Question Type: Factual
7. Answer: C
Difficulty: 1, p. 36
Question Type: Factual
8. Answer: A
Difficulty: 3, pp. 36 - 37
Question Type: Factual
9. Answer: A
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
10. Answer: B
Difficulty: 2, p. 38
Question Type: Factual
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