THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM PART A
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THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM PART A PHUA JING SERN
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THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM SYNOPSIS
This document contains summaries of reaction papers for readings on theories of architecture and urbanism. The summaries discuss key ideas from the readings, including Jane Jacobs' emphasis on pedestrian access and street diversity in "The Death and Life of Great American Cities", the use of semiotics to challenge norms in architecture, and the importance of appealing to human senses and emotions over visual aesthetics alone in "The Geometry of Feeling". The student provides their own analysis and relates the concepts to examples like the works of Le Corbusier and Tadao Ando.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Project Part 2 Anal...
- The orientation and layout of the Perdana Homes in Kuantan, Malaysia are designed according to the local site context and climate conditions, with houses oriented to reduce solar exposure from the east and capture prevailing winds.
- The architectural design of the homes is influenced by Le Corbusier's principles of modern architecture, with an emphasis on simplicity, clarity of form, and expression of structural elements.
- Various housing sizes and layouts are provided to suit different user needs and budgets, with corner homes having better views and space than mid-terrace homes. Open plans and use of voids are intended to improve user experience and communication.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM PART B
Klang's Little India in Malaysia is situated along Jalan Tengku Kelana near the prominent Klang River. It began in the 19th century as a business area for Indian money lenders and textile exporters and has since grown exponentially. The area is now dominated by Indian culture as evidenced by the saris, jewelry, textiles, and cuisine found throughout. Key landmarks include the Masjid India Klang mosque, the Lax Boutique Hotel, and the old Klang KTM train station. Applying Kevin Lynch's theories of the image of the city, the document analyzes Klang's Little India and identifies its paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks based on a site visit by the
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Project Part 2 Anal...
This document provides biographical information about Malaysian architect Ar. Lum Chong Lin and analyzes the design of his Perdana Homes housing development in Kuantan, Malaysia. It discusses how Lum was influenced by modernist principles of form following function and simplicity. The design of Perdana Homes utilizes strategies like orientation, fenestration, overhangs and voids to promote natural ventilation and thermal comfort according to the local climate. The open floor plans and layout are designed for functionality and usability. Modernist ideas of standardization and simplicity are evident through the clarity of forms and reduction of ornamentation.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Synopsis: Interpret...
The document summarizes four texts related to architecture theory:
1. An Architecture of the Seven Senses addresses the loss of sensuality in modern architecture and calls for designs that engage all five senses.
2. Semiology and Architecture discusses how meaning is derived from architectural forms and can differ between individuals.
3. Semiology and the Urban examines the multiple interpretations of urban spaces and argues against fixed meanings.
4. Towards a Critical Regionalism proposes an approach that counters placelessness in modern design through contextual responses and universal progressive qualities.
Nature's Role in Sustainability
This is a PowerPoint for a presentation I gave recently at CNU21, the annual gathering of the Congress for New Urbanism, in Salt Lake City. I was honored to serve on a panel presentation titled "Urbanism and the Land," with Susan Mudd of CNU and Laura Hanson of the Jordan River Commission. This presentation was intended to share with urban planners my expression of Nature's Role in Sustainability, and to outline my framework for what Father Thomas Berry called Earth Jurisprudence. He called on the legal profession to "articulate the conditions for the integral functioning of the Earth process." My Evolutionary Law framework describes the elements of the Earth process, including The Rights of Nature, sustainable Rights to Nature, Biopilia, Biomimicry, Cooperation, and Coherence (Quantum and Ecological). When those elements are implemented in a synergistic way, they lead to greater Biodiversity, Natural Resilience and Natural Happiness (indicators of the Integral Functioning of the Earth Process).
Sypnosis - Theories of Architecture and Urbanism
The document discusses the concepts of ugly versus beautiful architecture and radical eclecticism. It provides examples of landmark buildings that symbolized development through their iconic and concave shapes that revolutionized technology. Radical eclecticism is defined as using elements from different traditions and cultures, and the document questions if this approach is agreed upon and applied to development. It examines a postmodern building in London that combines classical, Egyptian, and symbolic styles as an example of radical eclecticism.
URBANISM AS A WAY OF LIFE
Urbanism is characterized by impersonal social relations, a complex division of labor, high mobility, and interdependence among members. Louis Wirth identified four key aspects of urbanism: transiency, superficiality, anonymity, and individualism. Wirth proposed three factors that shape urbanism - population size, density, and demographic heterogeneity. Large populations in cities lead to impersonal, transitory contacts. High density segments activities and fosters competition. Heterogeneity erodes class distinctions but also leads groups to prioritize average interests over individuals. Wirth argued urbanism is shaped by its physical structure, social organization emphasizing non-kinship groups, and ideas that simplify communication.
Recommended
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM SYNOPSIS
This document contains summaries of reaction papers for readings on theories of architecture and urbanism. The summaries discuss key ideas from the readings, including Jane Jacobs' emphasis on pedestrian access and street diversity in "The Death and Life of Great American Cities", the use of semiotics to challenge norms in architecture, and the importance of appealing to human senses and emotions over visual aesthetics alone in "The Geometry of Feeling". The student provides their own analysis and relates the concepts to examples like the works of Le Corbusier and Tadao Ando.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Project Part 2 Anal...
- The orientation and layout of the Perdana Homes in Kuantan, Malaysia are designed according to the local site context and climate conditions, with houses oriented to reduce solar exposure from the east and capture prevailing winds.
- The architectural design of the homes is influenced by Le Corbusier's principles of modern architecture, with an emphasis on simplicity, clarity of form, and expression of structural elements.
- Various housing sizes and layouts are provided to suit different user needs and budgets, with corner homes having better views and space than mid-terrace homes. Open plans and use of voids are intended to improve user experience and communication.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM PART B
Klang's Little India in Malaysia is situated along Jalan Tengku Kelana near the prominent Klang River. It began in the 19th century as a business area for Indian money lenders and textile exporters and has since grown exponentially. The area is now dominated by Indian culture as evidenced by the saris, jewelry, textiles, and cuisine found throughout. Key landmarks include the Masjid India Klang mosque, the Lax Boutique Hotel, and the old Klang KTM train station. Applying Kevin Lynch's theories of the image of the city, the document analyzes Klang's Little India and identifies its paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks based on a site visit by the
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Project Part 2 Anal...
This document provides biographical information about Malaysian architect Ar. Lum Chong Lin and analyzes the design of his Perdana Homes housing development in Kuantan, Malaysia. It discusses how Lum was influenced by modernist principles of form following function and simplicity. The design of Perdana Homes utilizes strategies like orientation, fenestration, overhangs and voids to promote natural ventilation and thermal comfort according to the local climate. The open floor plans and layout are designed for functionality and usability. Modernist ideas of standardization and simplicity are evident through the clarity of forms and reduction of ornamentation.
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM [ARC61303] [ARC2224]- Synopsis: Interpret...
The document summarizes four texts related to architecture theory:
1. An Architecture of the Seven Senses addresses the loss of sensuality in modern architecture and calls for designs that engage all five senses.
2. Semiology and Architecture discusses how meaning is derived from architectural forms and can differ between individuals.
3. Semiology and the Urban examines the multiple interpretations of urban spaces and argues against fixed meanings.
4. Towards a Critical Regionalism proposes an approach that counters placelessness in modern design through contextual responses and universal progressive qualities.
Nature's Role in Sustainability
This is a PowerPoint for a presentation I gave recently at CNU21, the annual gathering of the Congress for New Urbanism, in Salt Lake City. I was honored to serve on a panel presentation titled "Urbanism and the Land," with Susan Mudd of CNU and Laura Hanson of the Jordan River Commission. This presentation was intended to share with urban planners my expression of Nature's Role in Sustainability, and to outline my framework for what Father Thomas Berry called Earth Jurisprudence. He called on the legal profession to "articulate the conditions for the integral functioning of the Earth process." My Evolutionary Law framework describes the elements of the Earth process, including The Rights of Nature, sustainable Rights to Nature, Biopilia, Biomimicry, Cooperation, and Coherence (Quantum and Ecological). When those elements are implemented in a synergistic way, they lead to greater Biodiversity, Natural Resilience and Natural Happiness (indicators of the Integral Functioning of the Earth Process).
Sypnosis - Theories of Architecture and Urbanism
The document discusses the concepts of ugly versus beautiful architecture and radical eclecticism. It provides examples of landmark buildings that symbolized development through their iconic and concave shapes that revolutionized technology. Radical eclecticism is defined as using elements from different traditions and cultures, and the document questions if this approach is agreed upon and applied to development. It examines a postmodern building in London that combines classical, Egyptian, and symbolic styles as an example of radical eclecticism.
URBANISM AS A WAY OF LIFE
Urbanism is characterized by impersonal social relations, a complex division of labor, high mobility, and interdependence among members. Louis Wirth identified four key aspects of urbanism: transiency, superficiality, anonymity, and individualism. Wirth proposed three factors that shape urbanism - population size, density, and demographic heterogeneity. Large populations in cities lead to impersonal, transitory contacts. High density segments activities and fosters competition. Heterogeneity erodes class distinctions but also leads groups to prioritize average interests over individuals. Wirth argued urbanism is shaped by its physical structure, social organization emphasizing non-kinship groups, and ideas that simplify communication.
Urbanism
This document discusses various concepts and theories of urbanism. It begins by defining urbanism and the study of urban societies and city planning. It then discusses perspectives on how people live in densely populated areas from sociological and other lenses. It outlines different frameworks for urban planning practices around the world. It also discusses concepts like network urbanism, which applies network thinking to urban planning in response to issues with zone-based conceptions. The document also discusses mainstream vs alternative urbanism and outlines various spheres of urban design practice. It proposes new concepts are needed to embrace networks in urban planning and adapt to changing technological and social contexts. Pragmatism is discussed as a philosophical approach to urbanism emphasizing inclusion, experimentation and democracy
New Urbanism
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep-konsep perencanaan kota yang berkelanjutan seperti new urbanism, compact city, mixed-use, vertical housing, dan transit oriented development (TOD). Konsep-konsep ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan penggunaan ruang kota yang ada, mengurangi penggunaan kendaraan pribadi, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup perkotaan.
Cities and Urban Life: Globalization and the Modern Metropolis. (Urbanization)
PowerPoint presentation on urbanization, urbanism (city) life and the metropolis in a globalizing world. Covers the rise of mega-cities and some sociological aspects of urban life; with many pictures, themes and key social theorists.
Urban sociology
This document defines and describes different types of human settlements from small hamlets to large cities. It discusses the historical shift from rural villages to urbanization and growth of cities due to industrialization. It also describes the expansion of cities through suburbanization and formation of metropolitan areas and exurbs. Finally, it notes current trends towards more people living in large cities of over 1 million compared to smaller towns and cities.
Urbanism
This document discusses the concepts of urbanism and urbanization. Urbanism is defined as the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas, as well as the role of cities in societal development. It originated from the work of sociologists like Marx, Tonnies, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. The Chicago School further developed sociological theories of urbanism. Urbanization refers to the phenomenon of rural to urban migration and the factors driving this migration. The document examines elements that define an area as "urban" and discusses early urban sociologists' framing of symbolic interaction in urban settings. It provides an overview of sociologist George Simmel's work on the impacts of city life on mental life and
What is the role of THEORY in Urbanism?
This is a presentation prepared for the course Methodology for Urbanism (Ar2U090) of the the TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture. In this presentation we discuss what is theory and why we need theories in Urbanism.
Theories of Architecture
Rational, technological and constructional;
Material, economic and social;
Religious, cultural and philosophical;
The spirit of the age (Zeitgeist).
New Urbanism Intro CNU
New Urbanism is an urban planning movement that promotes the development of walkable neighborhoods with a variety of housing and mixed uses. It advocates for compact, mixed-use development that contains housing, jobs, shops and amenities within walkable neighborhoods in order to reduce dependence on cars. New Urbanist developments include features like street grids that facilitate walking and cycling, a defined neighborhood center and edges, and publicly accessible open spaces.
Urbanization
Urbanization refers to the migration of people from rural to urban areas in search of jobs, opportunities, and improved living conditions for their families. People are pulled to cities by the availability of infrastructure, jobs, education, healthcare and entertainment. They are pushed from rural areas due to lack of these resources and facilities. However, rapid urbanization leads to problems like overcrowding, unemployment, increased crime rates, pollution, and the development of slums. These issues can be addressed by controlling urban population growth and developing rural communities and infrastructure to discourage migration.
PPT OF URBANIZATION FACTS & FUNDAMENTALS
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
Problems of Urbanisation
Urbanization refers to an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. As countries industrialize, more people migrate from rural to urban areas for employment in factories. This led to the development of inner cities with dense rows of terraced housing for workers.
Urbanization can cause problems like congestion, lack of housing, and environmental issues. Many cities also have sharp inequalities in housing, health, and employment. Some try to escape these problems through counter-urbanization or moving to the edges of cities. Long-term solutions involve making cities more sustainable.
Urbanization impacts
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas. It occurs due to rural-to-urban migration as populations increase and resources become scarce in rural areas, pushing people to cities where they believe living standards will be higher. Urbanization has major economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts. It encourages changes in social and family structures, increases pollution and waste production, and places growing pressure on infrastructure and housing. While cities improve economies and facilitate cultural sharing, urbanization also leads to issues like unemployment, poverty, and the rise of slums if not properly managed.
Theory of architecture
The document discusses several architectural theories and styles including deconstructivism, postmodernism, parametric design, futuristic design, and cybertecture. Deconstructivism focuses on non-rectilinear forms and fragmented features. Postmodernism incorporates references from multiple historical styles. Parametric design uses computer software to generate complex shapes. Futuristic designs presented use bio-inspired vertical designs and sustainability. Cybertecture proposes buildings that incorporate technology, multimedia, and intelligence.
Basic Theory of Architecture
The document provides an introduction to the basic elements and concepts of architecture. It discusses key spatial elements like points, lines, planes and volumes that define architectural space. It describes different types of planes such as vertical wall planes, horizontal base planes that can be elevated or depressed, and overhead planes like ceilings and roofs. It explains how these different planes are used to define, articulate and organize interior and exterior spaces. Linear elements like columns, walls and structural frames are also summarized as defining edges and corners of spaces while providing structure.
03 architectural principles & elements
The document discusses the primary architectural elements of point, line, plane and volume. It defines each element and provides examples of how they are used in architectural design. A point becomes a line with length and direction. A line extended forms a plane with length, width and surface. A plane extended creates a volume with three dimensions of length, width and depth. The elements are used to define spaces, structures and forms in architecture.
Urbanization on environment
Urbanization is increasing rapidly around the world and having significant impacts on the environment. By 2050, 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. This rapid urban growth is causing problems like deforestation, air and water pollution, solid waste accumulation, and loss of agricultural land. Developing countries face more severe environmental impacts due to poor urban planning and inadequate infrastructure to handle the negative effects of urbanization. While urbanization enables economic growth, it also threatens the natural environment if not managed carefully through long-term planning and public-private partnerships that prioritize environmentally friendly development.
5.effects of urbanization
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and suburbs. It is closely connected to industrialization, as factories located in cities and drew workers. The main causes of urbanization are the industrial revolution, emergence of large manufacturing centers, job opportunities, and availability of transportation. Chicago's population grew from 15 people in 1820 to over 1.6 million in 1898, reflecting the effects of urbanization. Positive effects include opportunities not available in rural areas and a higher standard of living in cities. However, rapid urbanization also led to issues like overcrowding, lack of sanitation, unemployment, poverty, and increased crime rates.
B Science Report Project 2
This document analyzes the lighting, acoustics, and noise levels of a proposed silent reading area and admin office. For the silent area, daylight factor calculations show good natural lighting levels but potential glare issues. Artificial lighting calculations determine 28 downlights are needed. Sound pressure level measurements exceed requirements, but double layered glass and acoustic panels are proposed to mitigate noise. Reverberation time and sound reduction index calculations are also provided to analyze acoustics. For the admin office, daylight is determined to be fair but not adequate, requiring 8 downlights for artificial lighting. Analyses of lighting and acoustics are also provided to ensure compliance with standards.
Lighting Analysis Project 1
The document provides an overview of a lighting analysis project conducted at the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre in Melaka, Malaysia. It includes an introduction to the project objectives, a site study of the gymnasium and physiotherapy room, a case study comparison of a Finnish office building, a literature review of key lighting concepts, and the proposed research methodology. The analysis will evaluate the day lighting and artificial lighting in the selected spaces to better understand lighting performance.
Acoustic Analysis Project 1
This document outlines the methodology for conducting an acoustic analysis of the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre in Melaka, Malaysia. It includes measuring the existing acoustic conditions in the gymnasium and physiotherapy rooms to evaluate noise levels. Data will be collected using a sound level meter and drawings of the spaces. The findings will then be analyzed against acoustic standards to determine any issues and recommend solutions to improve the acoustic quality and user comfort. Precedent studies of other building acoustic analyses are also referenced to inform the methodology.
Thinking Architecture - Personal Values Statement
1) The document describes the author's journey in developing their views on life and death from a naive childhood to a more scientific understanding as a teenager influenced by figures like Neil deGrasse Tyson.
2) As a 12-year-old visiting a temple, the author stomped an anthill and began questioning if ants go to heaven, leading them to study different religions' explanations.
3) By age 15, the author favored scientific reasoning over religion and identified as a strong atheist, but was still fascinated by cosmology and figures like Tyson who provided a humane perspective on existence.
Thinking Architecture - Think Sheet Compiliation
This document contains four think sheets written by a student named Phua Jing Sern. In the think sheets, the student reflects on topics like how people influence each other, making judgments of others, finding a balance between practical and artistic aspects of architecture, and whether it is better to have a "hedgehog" or "fox" mentality. The student discusses personal experiences overcoming bullying and realizing most people have good intentions. They also contemplate how buildings and people can adapt while maintaining their core purpose. Steve Jobs is used as an example of someone with a strong "hedgehog" visionary approach.
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Urbanism
This document discusses various concepts and theories of urbanism. It begins by defining urbanism and the study of urban societies and city planning. It then discusses perspectives on how people live in densely populated areas from sociological and other lenses. It outlines different frameworks for urban planning practices around the world. It also discusses concepts like network urbanism, which applies network thinking to urban planning in response to issues with zone-based conceptions. The document also discusses mainstream vs alternative urbanism and outlines various spheres of urban design practice. It proposes new concepts are needed to embrace networks in urban planning and adapt to changing technological and social contexts. Pragmatism is discussed as a philosophical approach to urbanism emphasizing inclusion, experimentation and democracy
New Urbanism
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep-konsep perencanaan kota yang berkelanjutan seperti new urbanism, compact city, mixed-use, vertical housing, dan transit oriented development (TOD). Konsep-konsep ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan penggunaan ruang kota yang ada, mengurangi penggunaan kendaraan pribadi, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup perkotaan.
Cities and Urban Life: Globalization and the Modern Metropolis. (Urbanization)
PowerPoint presentation on urbanization, urbanism (city) life and the metropolis in a globalizing world. Covers the rise of mega-cities and some sociological aspects of urban life; with many pictures, themes and key social theorists.
Urban sociology
This document defines and describes different types of human settlements from small hamlets to large cities. It discusses the historical shift from rural villages to urbanization and growth of cities due to industrialization. It also describes the expansion of cities through suburbanization and formation of metropolitan areas and exurbs. Finally, it notes current trends towards more people living in large cities of over 1 million compared to smaller towns and cities.
Urbanism
This document discusses the concepts of urbanism and urbanization. Urbanism is defined as the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas, as well as the role of cities in societal development. It originated from the work of sociologists like Marx, Tonnies, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. The Chicago School further developed sociological theories of urbanism. Urbanization refers to the phenomenon of rural to urban migration and the factors driving this migration. The document examines elements that define an area as "urban" and discusses early urban sociologists' framing of symbolic interaction in urban settings. It provides an overview of sociologist George Simmel's work on the impacts of city life on mental life and
What is the role of THEORY in Urbanism?
This is a presentation prepared for the course Methodology for Urbanism (Ar2U090) of the the TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture. In this presentation we discuss what is theory and why we need theories in Urbanism.
Theories of Architecture
Rational, technological and constructional;
Material, economic and social;
Religious, cultural and philosophical;
The spirit of the age (Zeitgeist).
New Urbanism Intro CNU
New Urbanism is an urban planning movement that promotes the development of walkable neighborhoods with a variety of housing and mixed uses. It advocates for compact, mixed-use development that contains housing, jobs, shops and amenities within walkable neighborhoods in order to reduce dependence on cars. New Urbanist developments include features like street grids that facilitate walking and cycling, a defined neighborhood center and edges, and publicly accessible open spaces.
Urbanization
Urbanization refers to the migration of people from rural to urban areas in search of jobs, opportunities, and improved living conditions for their families. People are pulled to cities by the availability of infrastructure, jobs, education, healthcare and entertainment. They are pushed from rural areas due to lack of these resources and facilities. However, rapid urbanization leads to problems like overcrowding, unemployment, increased crime rates, pollution, and the development of slums. These issues can be addressed by controlling urban population growth and developing rural communities and infrastructure to discourage migration.
PPT OF URBANIZATION FACTS & FUNDAMENTALS
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
Problems of Urbanisation
Urbanization refers to an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. As countries industrialize, more people migrate from rural to urban areas for employment in factories. This led to the development of inner cities with dense rows of terraced housing for workers.
Urbanization can cause problems like congestion, lack of housing, and environmental issues. Many cities also have sharp inequalities in housing, health, and employment. Some try to escape these problems through counter-urbanization or moving to the edges of cities. Long-term solutions involve making cities more sustainable.
Urbanization impacts
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas. It occurs due to rural-to-urban migration as populations increase and resources become scarce in rural areas, pushing people to cities where they believe living standards will be higher. Urbanization has major economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts. It encourages changes in social and family structures, increases pollution and waste production, and places growing pressure on infrastructure and housing. While cities improve economies and facilitate cultural sharing, urbanization also leads to issues like unemployment, poverty, and the rise of slums if not properly managed.
Theory of architecture
The document discusses several architectural theories and styles including deconstructivism, postmodernism, parametric design, futuristic design, and cybertecture. Deconstructivism focuses on non-rectilinear forms and fragmented features. Postmodernism incorporates references from multiple historical styles. Parametric design uses computer software to generate complex shapes. Futuristic designs presented use bio-inspired vertical designs and sustainability. Cybertecture proposes buildings that incorporate technology, multimedia, and intelligence.
Basic Theory of Architecture
The document provides an introduction to the basic elements and concepts of architecture. It discusses key spatial elements like points, lines, planes and volumes that define architectural space. It describes different types of planes such as vertical wall planes, horizontal base planes that can be elevated or depressed, and overhead planes like ceilings and roofs. It explains how these different planes are used to define, articulate and organize interior and exterior spaces. Linear elements like columns, walls and structural frames are also summarized as defining edges and corners of spaces while providing structure.
03 architectural principles & elements
The document discusses the primary architectural elements of point, line, plane and volume. It defines each element and provides examples of how they are used in architectural design. A point becomes a line with length and direction. A line extended forms a plane with length, width and surface. A plane extended creates a volume with three dimensions of length, width and depth. The elements are used to define spaces, structures and forms in architecture.
Urbanization on environment
Urbanization is increasing rapidly around the world and having significant impacts on the environment. By 2050, 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. This rapid urban growth is causing problems like deforestation, air and water pollution, solid waste accumulation, and loss of agricultural land. Developing countries face more severe environmental impacts due to poor urban planning and inadequate infrastructure to handle the negative effects of urbanization. While urbanization enables economic growth, it also threatens the natural environment if not managed carefully through long-term planning and public-private partnerships that prioritize environmentally friendly development.
5.effects of urbanization
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and suburbs. It is closely connected to industrialization, as factories located in cities and drew workers. The main causes of urbanization are the industrial revolution, emergence of large manufacturing centers, job opportunities, and availability of transportation. Chicago's population grew from 15 people in 1820 to over 1.6 million in 1898, reflecting the effects of urbanization. Positive effects include opportunities not available in rural areas and a higher standard of living in cities. However, rapid urbanization also led to issues like overcrowding, lack of sanitation, unemployment, poverty, and increased crime rates.
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This document analyzes the lighting, acoustics, and noise levels of a proposed silent reading area and admin office. For the silent area, daylight factor calculations show good natural lighting levels but potential glare issues. Artificial lighting calculations determine 28 downlights are needed. Sound pressure level measurements exceed requirements, but double layered glass and acoustic panels are proposed to mitigate noise. Reverberation time and sound reduction index calculations are also provided to analyze acoustics. For the admin office, daylight is determined to be fair but not adequate, requiring 8 downlights for artificial lighting. Analyses of lighting and acoustics are also provided to ensure compliance with standards.
Lighting Analysis Project 1
The document provides an overview of a lighting analysis project conducted at the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre in Melaka, Malaysia. It includes an introduction to the project objectives, a site study of the gymnasium and physiotherapy room, a case study comparison of a Finnish office building, a literature review of key lighting concepts, and the proposed research methodology. The analysis will evaluate the day lighting and artificial lighting in the selected spaces to better understand lighting performance.
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This document outlines the methodology for conducting an acoustic analysis of the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre in Melaka, Malaysia. It includes measuring the existing acoustic conditions in the gymnasium and physiotherapy rooms to evaluate noise levels. Data will be collected using a sound level meter and drawings of the spaces. The findings will then be analyzed against acoustic standards to determine any issues and recommend solutions to improve the acoustic quality and user comfort. Precedent studies of other building acoustic analyses are also referenced to inform the methodology.
Thinking Architecture - Personal Values Statement
1) The document describes the author's journey in developing their views on life and death from a naive childhood to a more scientific understanding as a teenager influenced by figures like Neil deGrasse Tyson.
2) As a 12-year-old visiting a temple, the author stomped an anthill and began questioning if ants go to heaven, leading them to study different religions' explanations.
3) By age 15, the author favored scientific reasoning over religion and identified as a strong atheist, but was still fascinated by cosmology and figures like Tyson who provided a humane perspective on existence.
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This document contains four think sheets written by a student named Phua Jing Sern. In the think sheets, the student reflects on topics like how people influence each other, making judgments of others, finding a balance between practical and artistic aspects of architecture, and whether it is better to have a "hedgehog" or "fox" mentality. The student discusses personal experiences overcoming bullying and realizing most people have good intentions. They also contemplate how buildings and people can adapt while maintaining their core purpose. Steve Jobs is used as an example of someone with a strong "hedgehog" visionary approach.
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This document contains summaries from 5 journal entries by Phua Jing Sern for a social psychology class. The first journal discusses how the student's personality has changed over time from introverted to more extroverted and confident with the help of friends. The second journal covers how self-serving bias can be both positive and negative for leaders. The third journal describes an interactive class about visual illusions and how perception can be deceived. The fourth journal summarizes theories of attraction, close relationships, and factors that influence liking. The fifth journal discusses a class on conformity and group behavior that included a classroom experiment on conformity.
Literature Review of Pulau Ketam
This document is a student assignment submission for a course on Culture and Civilization. It discusses the student's research project on the culture of Pulau Ketam, a small fishing island in Selangor, Malaysia. The student's initial theme was on fishing villages but they decided to focus solely on Pulau Ketam due to its unique bicycle culture. Over three visits totalling 21 hours, the student researched the island's transportation, architecture, religious practices, and lifestyle. The document outlines the student's findings and includes photos taken on the island. It proposes designing an illustrated book in the style of National Geographic to showcase Pulau Ketam's culture.
Pulau Ketam
In the village of Pulau Ketam, cycling is a common mode of transportation unlike in urban environments. Bicycles coated with dirt and rust line the streets, telling stories of the village. Tourists can rent bicycles for as little as RM5 per day, providing a cheap way to explore and escape from the pollution and traffic of the city.
Research Report Presentation
This report summarizes and compares three restaurants in the Klang Valley: JC Pancakes, Coliseum 1921, and Yummy Yummy Duck. JC Pancakes focuses on serving affordable meals to university students. Coliseum 1921 is an almost century-old restaurant known for its colonial-era atmosphere and cuisine appealing to both local and foreign customers. Yummy Yummy Duck specializes in cheap duck meat dishes. Each restaurant has different pricing models, atmospheres, and customer service approaches suited to their respective target markets and environments.
Compare and Constrast Essay
This document is a compare and contrast essay analyzing the animated films Despicable Me and Megamind. It summarizes that both main characters, Gru from Despicable Me and Megamind, are initially ruthless super villains who create chaos, but ultimately turn good for the sake of their loved ones. When their loved ones are kidnapped by their arch-enemies, they use their weapons and machines to rescue them, fighting heroically. Both films have the villains turn good and find acceptance, with Gru becoming a great father and Megamind accepted as a hero. The essay concludes that sometimes villains deserve spotlight and people can change for the better.
Descriptive and Narrative Essay
This document is a student's narrative essay submission for an English course. It describes the student discovering and using an unfamiliar "mysterious object" given to them by their mother after returning home dirty from a football match. Through touch and smell, the student determines it is a soap bar and enjoys its ability to create foam and a pleasant aroma when used in the shower, ultimately watching it diminish completely over the long shower.
ENBE PROJECT 2 REPORT
This document is a report proposing a new underground/underwater city plan called Rhapsody. It provides background on the assignment to propose a new city plan for a dying city. It then discusses investigations of ancient underground cities like Derinkuyu for ventilation strategies. It also examines grid patterns in modern cities like Portland and Paris. Potential future cities studied include Copenhagen for its cycling focus, Singapore for its water sustainability solutions. The report then describes the current doomed city of Dunwall before introducing the proposed new underground city of Rhapsody.
Research development
1. The document discusses different types of development for existing communities including on-site upgrading, on-site reblocking, and on-site reconstruction.
2. It provides details on the application process for development plans with the DBKK including required documents and plans.
3. The approval process is outlined involving plan submission, review by relevant departments, and potential revisions before final approval is granted.
ICI Company Profile
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
ICI Project Brief
The employer is seeking proposals to design and construct a buggy bus stop and waiting shelter at Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. The buggy stop will be located in the Zone H parking area to provide transportation from the parking lot to the main campus. The design must comply with relevant building codes and standards, use durable materials, and harmonize with the surrounding campus architecture. The budget for the project is not to exceed RM100,000 and work must be completed within 6 months.
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Colour Theory for Painting - Fine Artist.pdf
This document is all about Colour Theory for Fine Artist / Painter.
Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
Photographs from trip to American Deep South
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We've gathered together all of the images mentioned in Will Gompertz's 'See What You're Missing'
Domino Express Storyboard - TV Adv Toys 30"
Storyboard for a tv commercial about a toy "Domino Express"
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Dpboss Satta Matka Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Satta ...
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Dpboss Satta Matka Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Satta ...➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国乔治城大学毕业证硕士学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(BC毕业证)波士顿学院毕业证如何办理
BC毕业证学历书【微信95270640】办理波士顿学院毕业证成绩单（Q微信95270640）毕业证学历认证OFFER专卖国外文凭学历学位证书办理澳洲文凭|澳洲毕业证,澳洲学历认证,澳洲成绩单 澳洲offer,教育部学历认证及使馆认证永久可查 ,国外毕业证|国外学历认证,国外学历文凭证书 BC毕业证，BC毕业证，BC毕业证，BC毕业证，BC毕业证，BC毕业证，BC毕业证，专业为留学生办理毕业证、成绩单、使馆留学回国人员证明、教育部学历学位认证、录取通知书、Offer、
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如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外波士顿学院波士顿学院本科学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询波士顿学院波士顿学院本科学位证成绩单）；
2开始安排制作波士顿学院毕业证成绩单电子图；
3波士顿学院毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4波士顿学院毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5波士顿学院成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。疯一把山娃算了算这一次足足花了老爸元够他挣上半个月的山娃很不解一向节俭的父亲啥时变得如此阔绰大方大把大把掏钱时居然连眉头也不皱一下车票早买好了直达卧铺车得经过山娃老家门口山娃拒绝父亲送说往车上一躺就等着下车决无丢失的道理有手机在身联系也方便再说他都岁了还有大半车的小伙伴相伴他不怕在父亲千叮咛万嘱咐中山娃依依不舍地爬上车朝窗外不住地挥手别了父亲别了父亲的城别了我的暑假生活我的城市生活望着窗外挥舞的房
Fashionista Chic Couture Mazes and Coloring AdventureA
Fashionista Chic Couture Maze & Coloring Adventures is a coloring and activity book filled with many maze games and coloring activities designed to delight and engage young fashion enthusiasts. Each page offers a unique blend of fashion-themed mazes and stylish illustrations to color, inspiring creativity and problem-solving skills in children.
Dino Ranch Storyboard / Kids TV Advertising
Storyboard produced for the TV commercial of a toy from the children's show “Dino Ranch”
Cherries 32 collection of colorful paintings
The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
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❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka ! Fix Satta Matka ! Matka Result ! Matka Guessing ! Final Matka ! Matka Result ! Dpboss Matka ! Matka Guessing ! Satta Matta Matka 143 ! Kalyan Matka ! Satta Matka Fast Result ! Kalyan Matka Guessing ! Dpboss Matka Guessing ! Satta 143 ! Kalyan Chart ! Kalyan final ! Satta guessing ! Matka tips ! Matka 143 ! India Matka ! Matka 420 ! matka Mumbai ! Satta chart ! Indian Satta ! Satta King ! Satta 143 ! Satta batta ! Satta मटका ! Satta chart ! Matka 143 ! Matka Satta ! India Matka ! Indian Satta Matka ! Final ankHeart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with Images
Explore our beautiful collection of Romantic Love Shayari in English to express your love. These heartfelt shayaris are perfect for sharing with your loved one. Get the best words to show your love and care.
一比一原版加拿大多伦多大学毕业证（uoft毕业证书）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【加拿大多伦多大学毕业证（uoft毕业证书）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
2024 MATFORCE Youth Poster Contest Winners
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
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Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
All the images mentioned in 'See What You're Missing'
All the images mentioned in 'See What You're Missing'
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Fashionista Chic Couture Mazes and Coloring AdventureA
Fashionista Chic Couture Mazes and Coloring AdventureA
storyboard: Victor and Verlin discussing about top hat
storyboard: Victor and Verlin discussing about top hat
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka ! Fix Satta Matka ! Matka Result ! Matka Guessing ! ...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka ! Fix Satta Matka ! Matka Result ! Matka Guessing ! ...
Heart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with Images
Heart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with Images