The short story "The Standard of Living" by Dorothy Parker describes the friendship between two women, Annabel and Midge, and their dreams of attaining a lavish lifestyle. The story follows the women as they fantasize about what they would do with a million dollars and their disappointment when they realize their dream of buying expensive pearls is out of reach. While the story depicts the women's naive obsession with wealth and social status, it also shows how their friendship and hopeful attitudes endure despite challenges to their aspirations. The themes of social class, materialism, and the gap between dreams and reality are still relevant today.
The three episode series "And Then There Were None" directed by Craig Viveiros tells the story of 10 strangers who are lured to Soldier Island and accused of murder. Narrative techniques like foreshadowing of future deaths and a poem about soldiers create tension. The episodes follow a classic story arc from exposition of characters' backgrounds to the climax of revelations and deaths. Technical elements like non-diegetic music, close-ups, point-of-view shots, montages and flashbacks are used to build mystery and tension throughout the crime drama.
This document discusses translation theory and types of translation. It begins by defining translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses translation studies as an interdisciplinary academic field. It then outlines several types of translation - free translation which conveys general meaning without strict form, literal translation which translates word-for-word, and communicative/dynamic translation which renders contextual meaning comprehensibly. The document also discusses criteria for quality translation including accuracy, clarity and naturalness.
David Herbert Lawrence was a British writer born in 1885 in Eastwood, England. Some of his notable works include the novels Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover. Sons and Lovers, published in 1913, is semi-autobiographical and focuses on the protagonist Paul Morel and his complex relationship with his mother. It explores themes of social class differences and Freudian psychoanalysis. The story follows Paul's love interests in Miriam and Clara and how he struggles with his mother's suffocating control over him. Lawrence drew from his own upbringing and relationships in the former mining community of Eastwood as inspiration for the novel.
This document provides an agenda for a group presentation on Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen". It introduces the five student presenters, their topics, and registration numbers. Most Afsana Ashrafi will discuss the concept of 'Room' in the story. Sharmin Islam will cover the idea of isolation. Saiema will analyze female identity and subjectivity. Md A. Salam will analyze the character of Mathew Rawlings. Sumon Chandra Shell will discuss the conflict between Mrs. Rawlings and Susan in terms of language and psychology.
The document discusses deviation and parallelism as techniques for foregrounding in literature. Deviation refers to breaking linguistic rules or conventions in a way that stands out from expectations. Parallelism creates foregrounding through unexpected regularity, using similar grammatical structures within a text. Foregrounding draws attention to the linguistic features used rather than just the content, making a text more memorable and open to interpretation. Both deviation and parallelism can achieve foregrounding on phonological, graphical, morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of language.
The document discusses different theories of translation, focusing on Newmark's theory which is based on Buhler's functional theory of language. Buhler identified the main functions of language as the expressive, informative, and vocative functions. Newmark classified texts according to their dominant function as expressive, informative, or vocative. The translation method should focus on retaining either the author's intent (semantic translation) or the readership's response (communicative translation) depending on the text's dominant function.
Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe that was published in 1719. The story is based on the real life experiences of a sailor. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, wishes to go to sea against his parents' wishes to study law. After being shipwrecked on an uninhabited island, Crusoe establishes himself as the master and founder of the island, regarding it as his personal property. Later, he encounters another native inhabitant named Friday, whom he names and treats as his servant rather than as an equal. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday represents colonialism, with Crusoe taking on the role of colonizer and Friday as the colonized. Through these characters and their interaction
The document summarizes Samuel Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot" as an absurd theater piece. It discusses key aspects of absurd theater like a lack of plot, meaningless dialogue, and characters without identity. The play features two tramps, Vladimir and Estragon, who engage in pointless conversations while waiting endlessly for someone named Godot who never arrives. The document analyzes how these elements portray the meaninglessness and absurdity of human existence, qualifying "Waiting for Godot" as a seminal work of absurd theater.
The three episode series "And Then There Were None" directed by Craig Viveiros tells the story of 10 strangers who are lured to Soldier Island and accused of murder. Narrative techniques like foreshadowing of future deaths and a poem about soldiers create tension. The episodes follow a classic story arc from exposition of characters' backgrounds to the climax of revelations and deaths. Technical elements like non-diegetic music, close-ups, point-of-view shots, montages and flashbacks are used to build mystery and tension throughout the crime drama.
This document discusses translation theory and types of translation. It begins by defining translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses translation studies as an interdisciplinary academic field. It then outlines several types of translation - free translation which conveys general meaning without strict form, literal translation which translates word-for-word, and communicative/dynamic translation which renders contextual meaning comprehensibly. The document also discusses criteria for quality translation including accuracy, clarity and naturalness.
David Herbert Lawrence was a British writer born in 1885 in Eastwood, England. Some of his notable works include the novels Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover. Sons and Lovers, published in 1913, is semi-autobiographical and focuses on the protagonist Paul Morel and his complex relationship with his mother. It explores themes of social class differences and Freudian psychoanalysis. The story follows Paul's love interests in Miriam and Clara and how he struggles with his mother's suffocating control over him. Lawrence drew from his own upbringing and relationships in the former mining community of Eastwood as inspiration for the novel.
This document provides an agenda for a group presentation on Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen". It introduces the five student presenters, their topics, and registration numbers. Most Afsana Ashrafi will discuss the concept of 'Room' in the story. Sharmin Islam will cover the idea of isolation. Saiema will analyze female identity and subjectivity. Md A. Salam will analyze the character of Mathew Rawlings. Sumon Chandra Shell will discuss the conflict between Mrs. Rawlings and Susan in terms of language and psychology.
The document discusses deviation and parallelism as techniques for foregrounding in literature. Deviation refers to breaking linguistic rules or conventions in a way that stands out from expectations. Parallelism creates foregrounding through unexpected regularity, using similar grammatical structures within a text. Foregrounding draws attention to the linguistic features used rather than just the content, making a text more memorable and open to interpretation. Both deviation and parallelism can achieve foregrounding on phonological, graphical, morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of language.
The document discusses different theories of translation, focusing on Newmark's theory which is based on Buhler's functional theory of language. Buhler identified the main functions of language as the expressive, informative, and vocative functions. Newmark classified texts according to their dominant function as expressive, informative, or vocative. The translation method should focus on retaining either the author's intent (semantic translation) or the readership's response (communicative translation) depending on the text's dominant function.
Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe that was published in 1719. The story is based on the real life experiences of a sailor. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, wishes to go to sea against his parents' wishes to study law. After being shipwrecked on an uninhabited island, Crusoe establishes himself as the master and founder of the island, regarding it as his personal property. Later, he encounters another native inhabitant named Friday, whom he names and treats as his servant rather than as an equal. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday represents colonialism, with Crusoe taking on the role of colonizer and Friday as the colonized. Through these characters and their interaction
The document summarizes Samuel Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot" as an absurd theater piece. It discusses key aspects of absurd theater like a lack of plot, meaningless dialogue, and characters without identity. The play features two tramps, Vladimir and Estragon, who engage in pointless conversations while waiting endlessly for someone named Godot who never arrives. The document analyzes how these elements portray the meaninglessness and absurdity of human existence, qualifying "Waiting for Godot" as a seminal work of absurd theater.
The document outlines the curriculum for a 4-year BS/BA program in English. It includes:
1) A scheme of studies showing the distribution of courses over 8 semesters, including compulsory, general, discipline-specific foundation, major, core literature, elective, and general elective courses.
2) Details of compulsory and foundation courses to be taken in the first two years.
3) Lists of core and elective literature and linguistics courses to choose from in the third and fourth years, focusing on various genres, periods, theories, and related topics.
4) Recommendations for implementing the curriculum, including the choice of authors/texts for some literature courses
The document discusses different types of translation, including:
1. Literal translation, which aims to maintain the form and word order of the original text as much as possible.
2. Free translation, which focuses on conveying the overall meaning through natural language forms and structures in the target language.
3. Communicative translation, which prioritizes effectively communicating the intended message to the target audience over maintaining the original form.
The document also notes that the appropriate translation technique depends on factors like the text type and whether preserving meaning or form is more important for a given text.
H.M. Naqvi is a British-Pakistani author who received awards for his novel "Home Boy". The novel centers on three Pakistani-American friends living in New York - Chuck, AC, and Jimbo. It explores their lives pre- and post-9/11, when they face increased scrutiny and racism. After 9/11, Chuck is interrogated by authorities and begins to reconsider his religious and cultural identity. The novel examines themes of cultural hybridity, subaltern status, and the effects of the post-9/11 "terrorist" discourse that stereotyped Muslims in America.
The document discusses various linguistic concepts related to cohesion and coherence in texts, including:
- Text, texture, ties, cohesion, and different types of reference such as exophoric, endophoric, anaphora, and cataphora.
- Substitution and its types including nominal, verbal, and clausal substitution.
- Ellipsis and its occurrence when structurally necessary elements are left unsaid, discussing nominal, verbal, and clausal ellipsis.
- Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
This summary provides an overview of key characters and themes in the novel Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding:
- Joseph Andrews is a virtuous and chaste young man in love with Fanny Goodwill. He is attacked by highwaymen but shown kindness by lower-class people.
- Major themes include the importance of chastity, charity as the mark of a true Christian, and a socially fractured society where corruption increases along class lines.
- Other characters include Parson Adams, Betty the chambermaid, Mr. and Mrs. Tow-wouse who run the inn, and the surgeon who treats Joseph's injuries.
- Joseph's steadfast love for Fanny, even when facing death
Woolf stream of consciousness technique in To the Light HouseISP
Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse explored the minds of characters using the stream of consciousness technique. It presented characters' perspectives through their own and others' thoughts without straightforward narration. Woolf rejected traditional narrative techniques and experimented with stream of consciousness and indirect interior monologue to depict inner realities and capture life's complexity. The story followed a small number of characters over multiple sections united through emotional themes rather than direct events.
The narrator Saleem Sinai recounts the story through fragmented memories which make the narration unreliable. He admits to misremembering dates and details at times. Memory is subjective and individual, so Saleem's version of events may differ from accepted facts. However, he argues that memory shapes one's own reality and perspective. The unreliable narration is deliberate to show that reality and history are open to multiple interpretations rather than a single truth. Readers must decide what parts to accept amidst the intentional and unintentional inaccuracies.
Whitman and Dickinson were two pioneering American poets who broke from traditional poetic forms. Whitman wrote in free verse without rhyme or strict structures. His poems explored themes of equality and democracy. Dickinson structured her poems with unique rhyme schemes and meters but kept them short. She explored themes of nature, death, and the human condition through precise language and imagery. Both poets expressed transcendentalist ideas through their modern poetic styles during the mid-19th century period of American literature.
This document discusses the translation of culturally bound expressions and phrases from English to Arabic. It provides examples of culturally bound phrases, such as "one parent child", "palimony", and "car boot sale" that would be difficult to directly translate without additional context or explanation. The document outlines challenges in translating phrases that reference cultural concepts not found in Arabic culture. It proposes guidelines for translation, such as providing commentary to give necessary missing information to make the translations understandable. Suggested translations are offered with explanatory footnotes or parentheses to help overcome cultural gaps.
Anton Chekhov was born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a family that had previously been serfs. As a young man, he moved to Moscow and began writing comic stories to pay for his medical school tuition. He was later diagnosed with tuberculosis and died of the disease in 1904. The provided document also includes a character list for Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard.
O romance Dois Irmãos, escrito por Milton Hatoum em 2000, narra a tumultuada relação entre os gêmeos Yaqub e Omar em uma família libanesa que vive em Manaus. A narrativa não segue a cronologia linearmente e explora os conflitos entre os irmãos ao longo do tempo através do ponto de vista do narrador Nael.
Theme of appearance and reality in Oedipus RexUmmara Zulfiqar
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles explores the theme of appearance versus reality. Oedipus believes himself to be the son of Polybus and Merope and ruler of Thebes, unaware that in reality he has killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta. Throughout the play, Oedipus clings to appearances over realities that threaten his sense of self. When the truth is revealed, it shatters Oedipus' world and leads to his downfall, demonstrating how one can be blinded by appearances.
Ted Hughes was obsessed with pike fishing as a teenager. His 1959 poem "Pike" describes pike in three sections - their habitat, keeping three pike in an aquarium where two are eaten, and recalling a deep pond with immense, ancient pike. The poem evokes the pike's predatory power and the poet's own sense of a sinister presence rising from the pond's legendary depths.
Tradition and modernity in things fall apartMehal Pandya
This document provides a summary of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" focusing on the themes of tradition and modernity in Igbo culture. It discusses Igbo religion, family structures, and social institutions prior to colonialism. It then describes how the arrival of British colonialism and Christian missionaries disrupted traditional Igbo ways, with locals adopting Western customs and converting to Christianity, leading to conflicts and cultural changes. The character of Okonkwo is presented as upholding traditional Igbo masculinity and facing challenges from the new order. In conclusion, the novel illustrates the clash between traditional Igbo society and the modernizing influences of colonialism.
Hills like white elephants by ernest hemingwayMecnun Genç
Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. He had a strict upbringing and wanted to become a writer or join the army. After being rejected from service, he began a career in journalism. Hemingway went on to publish several acclaimed short story collections and novels in the 1920s and 1930s that helped establish his signature writing style. His works such as The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms brought him great fame and critical acclaim. Hemingway continued writing and traveling throughout his life, winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954, before taking his own life in 1961.
The document provides a literary analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa's novel Ice-Candy-Man from a feminist perspective. It discusses how the novel depicts the struggles faced by women in a patriarchal society during the partition of India in 1947 through various female characters. It analyzes how the female characters are marginalized and victimized by men through acts of violence, rape, and lack of autonomy. The analysis argues that Sidhwa uses the novel to advocate for women's rights and equality and a world free of gender-based domination and hierarchy.
This document discusses key concepts in post-colonial literature, including allegory, negritude, and globalization. It defines allegory as a figure of speech using characters and events to represent abstract ideas or moral lessons. Examples of famous allegorical works are provided. Negritude is summarized as a cultural movement launched by black students in France affirming African identity and rejecting colonialism. Key figures in negritude like Cesaire and Senghor are mentioned. Globalization is defined as the integration of economies and societies worldwide through trade and information sharing, and literature is discussed as both a product and topic affected by globalization.
Vladimir and Estragon are waiting endlessly for someone named Godot to arrive. They try to pass the time by talking, but their waiting feels interminable. Though they don't know who or what Godot is, he represents their hope for meaning or purpose. Their endless waiting exposes the meaningless and absurd nature of human existence. No matter what they do to occupy themselves, time continues to pass without purpose or end.
Stream of Consciousness in Virginia Woolf's 'To The Lighthouse'Dilip Barad
This presentation is about the narrative technique used by Modernist female novelist Virginia Woolf in her novel 'To The Lighthouse'. It deals with illustrations from the novel and its explanations. The interior monologue, free association etc are explained in this presentation.
This document discusses various measures used to assess national income, living standards, and economic well-being. It explains that gross national income (GNI) per capita is a baseline measure but has limitations. Other indicators discussed include the human development index, index of sustainable economic welfare, Gini coefficient for inequality, and quality of life indicators. The document examines factors like remittances, purchasing power adjustments, and difficulties in accurately measuring concepts like standard of living.
The document discusses standards of living and how they are measured. It identifies three key indicators used in the UN Human Development Index: 1) life expectancy, 2) literacy rates, and 3) gross domestic product (GDP). These indicators are used to determine a country's level of development and standard of living. Literacy rates and GDP per capita are positively correlated with development levels, while infant mortality rates are negatively correlated. Developed countries tend to have high levels of all three indicators.
The document outlines the curriculum for a 4-year BS/BA program in English. It includes:
1) A scheme of studies showing the distribution of courses over 8 semesters, including compulsory, general, discipline-specific foundation, major, core literature, elective, and general elective courses.
2) Details of compulsory and foundation courses to be taken in the first two years.
3) Lists of core and elective literature and linguistics courses to choose from in the third and fourth years, focusing on various genres, periods, theories, and related topics.
4) Recommendations for implementing the curriculum, including the choice of authors/texts for some literature courses
The document discusses different types of translation, including:
1. Literal translation, which aims to maintain the form and word order of the original text as much as possible.
2. Free translation, which focuses on conveying the overall meaning through natural language forms and structures in the target language.
3. Communicative translation, which prioritizes effectively communicating the intended message to the target audience over maintaining the original form.
The document also notes that the appropriate translation technique depends on factors like the text type and whether preserving meaning or form is more important for a given text.
H.M. Naqvi is a British-Pakistani author who received awards for his novel "Home Boy". The novel centers on three Pakistani-American friends living in New York - Chuck, AC, and Jimbo. It explores their lives pre- and post-9/11, when they face increased scrutiny and racism. After 9/11, Chuck is interrogated by authorities and begins to reconsider his religious and cultural identity. The novel examines themes of cultural hybridity, subaltern status, and the effects of the post-9/11 "terrorist" discourse that stereotyped Muslims in America.
The document discusses various linguistic concepts related to cohesion and coherence in texts, including:
- Text, texture, ties, cohesion, and different types of reference such as exophoric, endophoric, anaphora, and cataphora.
- Substitution and its types including nominal, verbal, and clausal substitution.
- Ellipsis and its occurrence when structurally necessary elements are left unsaid, discussing nominal, verbal, and clausal ellipsis.
- Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
This summary provides an overview of key characters and themes in the novel Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding:
- Joseph Andrews is a virtuous and chaste young man in love with Fanny Goodwill. He is attacked by highwaymen but shown kindness by lower-class people.
- Major themes include the importance of chastity, charity as the mark of a true Christian, and a socially fractured society where corruption increases along class lines.
- Other characters include Parson Adams, Betty the chambermaid, Mr. and Mrs. Tow-wouse who run the inn, and the surgeon who treats Joseph's injuries.
- Joseph's steadfast love for Fanny, even when facing death
Woolf stream of consciousness technique in To the Light HouseISP
Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse explored the minds of characters using the stream of consciousness technique. It presented characters' perspectives through their own and others' thoughts without straightforward narration. Woolf rejected traditional narrative techniques and experimented with stream of consciousness and indirect interior monologue to depict inner realities and capture life's complexity. The story followed a small number of characters over multiple sections united through emotional themes rather than direct events.
The narrator Saleem Sinai recounts the story through fragmented memories which make the narration unreliable. He admits to misremembering dates and details at times. Memory is subjective and individual, so Saleem's version of events may differ from accepted facts. However, he argues that memory shapes one's own reality and perspective. The unreliable narration is deliberate to show that reality and history are open to multiple interpretations rather than a single truth. Readers must decide what parts to accept amidst the intentional and unintentional inaccuracies.
Whitman and Dickinson were two pioneering American poets who broke from traditional poetic forms. Whitman wrote in free verse without rhyme or strict structures. His poems explored themes of equality and democracy. Dickinson structured her poems with unique rhyme schemes and meters but kept them short. She explored themes of nature, death, and the human condition through precise language and imagery. Both poets expressed transcendentalist ideas through their modern poetic styles during the mid-19th century period of American literature.
This document discusses the translation of culturally bound expressions and phrases from English to Arabic. It provides examples of culturally bound phrases, such as "one parent child", "palimony", and "car boot sale" that would be difficult to directly translate without additional context or explanation. The document outlines challenges in translating phrases that reference cultural concepts not found in Arabic culture. It proposes guidelines for translation, such as providing commentary to give necessary missing information to make the translations understandable. Suggested translations are offered with explanatory footnotes or parentheses to help overcome cultural gaps.
Anton Chekhov was born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a family that had previously been serfs. As a young man, he moved to Moscow and began writing comic stories to pay for his medical school tuition. He was later diagnosed with tuberculosis and died of the disease in 1904. The provided document also includes a character list for Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard.
O romance Dois Irmãos, escrito por Milton Hatoum em 2000, narra a tumultuada relação entre os gêmeos Yaqub e Omar em uma família libanesa que vive em Manaus. A narrativa não segue a cronologia linearmente e explora os conflitos entre os irmãos ao longo do tempo através do ponto de vista do narrador Nael.
Theme of appearance and reality in Oedipus RexUmmara Zulfiqar
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles explores the theme of appearance versus reality. Oedipus believes himself to be the son of Polybus and Merope and ruler of Thebes, unaware that in reality he has killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta. Throughout the play, Oedipus clings to appearances over realities that threaten his sense of self. When the truth is revealed, it shatters Oedipus' world and leads to his downfall, demonstrating how one can be blinded by appearances.
Ted Hughes was obsessed with pike fishing as a teenager. His 1959 poem "Pike" describes pike in three sections - their habitat, keeping three pike in an aquarium where two are eaten, and recalling a deep pond with immense, ancient pike. The poem evokes the pike's predatory power and the poet's own sense of a sinister presence rising from the pond's legendary depths.
Tradition and modernity in things fall apartMehal Pandya
This document provides a summary of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" focusing on the themes of tradition and modernity in Igbo culture. It discusses Igbo religion, family structures, and social institutions prior to colonialism. It then describes how the arrival of British colonialism and Christian missionaries disrupted traditional Igbo ways, with locals adopting Western customs and converting to Christianity, leading to conflicts and cultural changes. The character of Okonkwo is presented as upholding traditional Igbo masculinity and facing challenges from the new order. In conclusion, the novel illustrates the clash between traditional Igbo society and the modernizing influences of colonialism.
Hills like white elephants by ernest hemingwayMecnun Genç
Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. He had a strict upbringing and wanted to become a writer or join the army. After being rejected from service, he began a career in journalism. Hemingway went on to publish several acclaimed short story collections and novels in the 1920s and 1930s that helped establish his signature writing style. His works such as The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms brought him great fame and critical acclaim. Hemingway continued writing and traveling throughout his life, winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954, before taking his own life in 1961.
The document provides a literary analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa's novel Ice-Candy-Man from a feminist perspective. It discusses how the novel depicts the struggles faced by women in a patriarchal society during the partition of India in 1947 through various female characters. It analyzes how the female characters are marginalized and victimized by men through acts of violence, rape, and lack of autonomy. The analysis argues that Sidhwa uses the novel to advocate for women's rights and equality and a world free of gender-based domination and hierarchy.
This document discusses key concepts in post-colonial literature, including allegory, negritude, and globalization. It defines allegory as a figure of speech using characters and events to represent abstract ideas or moral lessons. Examples of famous allegorical works are provided. Negritude is summarized as a cultural movement launched by black students in France affirming African identity and rejecting colonialism. Key figures in negritude like Cesaire and Senghor are mentioned. Globalization is defined as the integration of economies and societies worldwide through trade and information sharing, and literature is discussed as both a product and topic affected by globalization.
Vladimir and Estragon are waiting endlessly for someone named Godot to arrive. They try to pass the time by talking, but their waiting feels interminable. Though they don't know who or what Godot is, he represents their hope for meaning or purpose. Their endless waiting exposes the meaningless and absurd nature of human existence. No matter what they do to occupy themselves, time continues to pass without purpose or end.
Stream of Consciousness in Virginia Woolf's 'To The Lighthouse'Dilip Barad
This presentation is about the narrative technique used by Modernist female novelist Virginia Woolf in her novel 'To The Lighthouse'. It deals with illustrations from the novel and its explanations. The interior monologue, free association etc are explained in this presentation.
This document discusses various measures used to assess national income, living standards, and economic well-being. It explains that gross national income (GNI) per capita is a baseline measure but has limitations. Other indicators discussed include the human development index, index of sustainable economic welfare, Gini coefficient for inequality, and quality of life indicators. The document examines factors like remittances, purchasing power adjustments, and difficulties in accurately measuring concepts like standard of living.
The document discusses standards of living and how they are measured. It identifies three key indicators used in the UN Human Development Index: 1) life expectancy, 2) literacy rates, and 3) gross domestic product (GDP). These indicators are used to determine a country's level of development and standard of living. Literacy rates and GDP per capita are positively correlated with development levels, while infant mortality rates are negatively correlated. Developed countries tend to have high levels of all three indicators.
The document compares productivity, standard of living, and other economic indicators between developed and developing countries using data about the UK, Mexico, India, and Mali. Productivity is higher in developed countries due to greater investments in technology, education, infrastructure, and other factors. As a result, standards of living are significantly higher in developed nations as measured by GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rates, and other quality of life metrics. Improving productivity through investments in physical and human capital can raise standards of living overall.
The document discusses living standards around the world and factors that influence development levels between countries. It explains that the UN publishes an annual Human Development Index report which ranks countries based on literacy, life expectancy, and GDP per capita. Canada has historically ranked highly but its position has declined in recent years. Developed, developing, and newly industrialized countries are defined. Poverty, debt, and other challenges facing developing nations are outlined, including poverty traps, high fertility rates, vulnerable populations like women and children, lack of clean water and healthcare, and issues with foreign aid.
Life Need Analysis And Concept Of Human Lifenilesh03kumar
The document discusses the concept of life need analysis and human life value (HLV) for insurance planning purposes. It defines HLV as the capitalized value of the portion of a person's income dedicated to dependents, accounting for factors like their career and health. Methods for calculating insurance needs based on HLV, income, expenses, assets, liabilities, and education/marriage costs are presented. An example calculation estimates a 30-year-old man's HLV at over $16 million based on his family's monthly costs, loans, medical/education funds, and expected returns.
This document discusses the concept of quality of life and how it relates to standard of living. It raises questions about what factors impact an individual's quality of life, such as environment, technology, health, family, work, crime, appearance, leadership, and state of mind. The document does not provide answers to the questions, but prompts consideration of how these various elements can influence a person's overall well-being and satisfaction with their life.
The Australian Parliamentary System consists of a federation of six former British colonies that united in 1901 to form the nation of Australia. Each colony previously had its own government and institutions but ceded some powers to the newly formed federal system. The colonies united due to inefficiencies in their economic and trade systems as well as a growing sense of national identity and need for collective defense. The new system established a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches at both the state and federal levels while also implementing the principle of responsible government to ensure accountability.
Measuring Quality of Life - Joint Debate SlidesILC- UK
Presentations from ILC-UK and the Actuarial Profession in partnership with ESRC Joint Debate: Measuring Quality of Life
Speakers:
Professor Ann Bowling, St. George's University of London and Kingston University
Mr Paul Allin, Office of National Statistics
Professor Emily Grundy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Mr Paul Cann, Age UK Oxfordshire
Further details can be found on the ILC-UK website: http://ilcuk.org.uk/record.jsp?type=event&ID=78 and http://ilcuk.org.uk/record.jsp?type=publication&ID=83
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
1. The Standard of Living by Dorothy Parker
The Standard of Living was written by Dorothy Parker in 1941, the story first published
in The New Yorker. This story describes in detail the way of living of two friends. This story
uses third person point of view. The narrator is the third person that knows everything in this
story which known as omniscient. The narrator is all knowing about each character and tell
thoughts and feeling for all character in The Standard of Living.
Introduction of this story describes about two girls who are close friends. They are
Annabel and Midge. Both of them live with their family and work in the same office in America
as the stenographer. They have many similarities life such as they have same favorite foods, they
have same skin like the petals of wood anemones and they have same styles in movement. They
also have same fat bellies and lean flanks. According to the narrator, those two girls are alike in
shape for they are living. They have the same hope.
The rising action happened when Annabel had created or invented a new game. Midge
became not as Annabel in manner, behavior, or hope. Annabel played a new game, she asked a
question: “What you would do if you had a million dollars?”
Midge answered that she wants to buy mink coat, then Annabel was disagree because of
their ultimate dream is they want to buy pearls. Because such different desired they did not speak
each other. Here where the climax is started in this short stories.
Falling action occurred on one fine day when Midge change her mind and she want to get
a string of pearls. They walked on Fifth Avenue and entered the shop to buy the string of pearls.
The cost of the pearls was too expensive. The price of the pearls was two hundred and fifty
1
2. thousand dollars around a quarter of a million dollars. Finally, they threw away their ultimate
desire and began to make a new dream again. There is no resolution in this short story, because
the narrator never gives a definite ending and let it to the reader in deciding what will happen
next. This is called open plot.
The first paragraph of this short story shows a vivid image of foods painted through
words. This can be noted on how Parker use words to portray clear character of Annabel and
Midge. There are four characters in this story which are Annabel, Midge, Sylvia, the door man
and a clerk from the pearl shops. Annabel and Midge represent round character because the
author developed their role in the whole of story. Sylvia and a clerk from the jewelry shops fall
under flat character because their roles are not expanding. A door man and Mrs. Gary Cooper are
absent character in this short story.
This story happened in some places. There are happened in tea room, office, in front of
shop window, Fifth Avenue and jewelry shop. The situation occurred mostly on afternoon when
Annabel and Midge have their lunched together. The author mentioned it happened on
September by phrase, “It was one of those days with which September is repeatedly cursed;
hot and glaring, with slivers of dust in the wind”.
The condition of Annabel and Midge shows that they are happy, fun, dare and tightness
in this story line. Happy, fun and dare are proven by their desire to dream something beyond
their capabilities. Tightness arises when Annabel and Midge have different opinion in spending a
millions of dollar and Annabel feel disappointed.
There are some conflicts arise in this short story. First conflict is between Annabel and
Midge. It’s happened when Midge disagree with Annabel idea to buy silver fox-coat. Second
conflict is arising in Annabel herself because she creates her problem by arranging the
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3. imagination question and makes herself confuse. The next conflict is Midge versus herself.
Midge is like Annabel believing in imagination and glamour lifestyle.
The theme appeared from this short stories are friendship, dream’s of the future,
comparison between illusion and reality and social classes. The bond ties between Annabel and
Midge through their similar interest in lifestyle shows the friendship value in this short stories.
The relationship are bound strongly even there are some disagreement arise. Both of them still
dependence on each other and spend most of the time during afternoon and evening together.
From the strong relationship, Annabel and Midge share the same dream for the future. Their
dream not only to have large amount of money when Annabel invented the game, but also to
prepare themselves in climbing up to one new level of their social classes. Once entering the
jewelry shop and asking the question about the prices of doubled robed pearls, both of them
realised the prices costly quarters of millions which means in reality one millions of dollar are
still not enough in making them rich person. This situation of Annabel and Midge provide the
concept of social class. Pearls can be seen as a symbol of confidence and a superior social class.
The make-ups, the coats, the dresses and places such Fifth Avenue may represent classes of
society with an atmosphere filled with rich, glitz and glamour.
Julie Duffy (2011) describes The Standard of Living by Dorothy Parker is a fabulous
example of a author can flesh out a story whose plot is basically a build up to a simple phrase
with humor effects and turn it into something that stays with the reader. Parker uses descriptive
writing method in her short story. For example in the below phrases is a first paragraph of the
short story, Parker starts with an ordinary word to describe sweetness and luscious of the food:
“They lunched, as was their wont, on sugar, starches, oils, and butter-fats. Usually they ate
sandwiches of spongy new white bread greased with butter and mayonnaise; they ate thick
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4. wedges of cake lying wet beneath ice cream and whipped cream and melted chocolate,
gritty with nuts. As alternates, they ate patties, sweating beats of inferior oil, containing
bits of bland meat bogged in pale stiffening sauce…”
In books of The Critical Waltz: Essays on The Work of Dorothy Parker explains the short
story of The Standard of Living as an innocent young girl which represented by Annabel and
Midge. Both of them are young working girl who fancies themselves as a glamorous beauty.
Annabel and Midge play role as naive young women in this short story, they are perceived as
laughable by glamour set. Readers are laughing not only at their innocent in admiration of one’s
appearance but also at the value system influence them.
The lifestyles explain in this short story are exist until now even this short stories have
been written almost 71 years. The ideas of materialism, hedonism, glamour of life and self
indulgence are developed in Annabel and Midge role. Hedonism and materialism allows humans
to enjoy in their own life without thinking others. The women are vain and superficial and what
makes this story so great is when the same value system is in place today. Annabel and Midge
are more concerned with their status in society than the people surround them.
The main ideas for level hierarchy society are evolves and expanding within decades and
valid till today represent by Parker a way of life for millionaires is better compare to middle class
peoples. It’s influence the lower level of society in climbing up the stage to the superior level of
society. The Standard of Living generates emotions of desired lifestyles and attitudes together
with the beauty emotion from perfect daydream. It’s obvious they're only wishing and
pretending behind their fine clothes and manners. Using Annabel and Midge, Parker shows us
that greedy, if allowed to develop, never ceases but grows. Dorothy Parker describes the values,
dreams, and aspirations in today's materialistic society. Annabel and Midge are full obsessed
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5. with money. The girls spend so many hours imagine about being millionaires. Their love of
money is not only fueled by the materialistic products they can buy with it but they pretend to be
in high class society and act like them.
Humans are trapped in their lifestyles, backgrounds and professions. The Standard of
Living being read is actual a sort of paradox, satire and logic in a reality. Everyone in society has
an opportunity to be wealthy, but is the cost of a high salary and the responsibilities something
most all people are willing to pay? In a real life, every career and the way of earn living has its
own challenging. For Annabel and Midge, they desire jobs with prestige, power, and wealth.
Being rich doesn’t mean the burden of their tasks are less but, in actuality superior society need
to maintain their wealth and stressful for them. The story to be very humorous and the narrator
have a very sly wit about herself. It is amazing in the final paragraph the character consistently
stayed hopeful and positive even up to the end of the story even the characters are unable to
achieve what they want out of life.
Finally, pretending to be someone else is difficult. Climbing up to other class of society
never be wrong, but must be in a realistic way and through the right path. It’s not working if only
imagine and act like high class society. There are no efforts in changing their life to better way of
life. The result will be disappointed and there are no movement and still stand where they
belong. The Standard of Living might be used as a motivation for middle class society to have a
better life in a future.
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6. References
Crane, Milton. (Eds.). (1971). Fifty Great Short Stories. United States of America, USA:
Bantam Dell.
Duffy, Julie. (2011). Tuesday Reading Room – The Standard Of Living by
Dorothy Parker. Retrieved from http://storyaday.org/tuesday-reading-room-the-
standard-of-living-by-dorothy-parker/
S. Pettit, Rhonda. (Eds.). (2010).
The Critical Waltz: Essays on The Work of Dorothy Parker United States, US:
Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp.
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