The Spheres of the earth
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The document discusses the four spheres of the Earth - the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The lithosphere consists of the solid parts of the Earth including rocks and soil. The atmosphere is made up of gases surrounding the Earth. The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth, existing as liquid, gas, or solid. The biosphere contains all living organisms inhabiting the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. These four spheres interact with each other in various ways, such as the hydrosphere and atmosphere interacting through evaporation, to support life on Earth.
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This document provides information about various natural resources. It discusses key natural resources like water, air, plants, fossil fuels, rocks, minerals, forestry, soil, oceans, lakes, groundwater, and rivers. For each resource, it provides a brief definition and relevant details. It emphasizes that natural resources are extremely important for human survival and that we must work to save and conserve them.
Q1W1 4 SUBSYSTEMS.pptx
The document discusses the four subsystems of Earth: the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere. It describes the characteristics of each subsystem and how matter and energy flow between them. The four subsystems are interconnected, as described by the John Muir quote that tugging on one subsystem affects the rest. Matter and energy flow across subsystem boundaries, with the atmosphere providing heat and energy to the geosphere and biosphere, while the biosphere receives gases, heat, sunlight and water from other subsystems.
The earth system
The document discusses the interconnected nature of Earth's four main spheres: the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It explains that the geosphere, made up of Earth's solid interior and surface, interacts with the other spheres through volcanism, rock weathering, and nutrient cycling. The atmosphere exchanges gases with the hydrosphere and biosphere and affects climate. The hydrosphere connects the other spheres via the water cycle and influences rock weathering. The biosphere interacts with all spheres through life processes like photosynthesis and nutrient transport. Appreciating these interconnected systems is important for understanding fields like medical geology and forensic geology.
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This document provides definitions and explanations of soil and the processes involved in soil formation. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Soil is defined in multiple ways by soil scientists, but generally refers to the loose upper layer of the earth's surface where plants grow and is made up of organic and inorganic materials.
2. Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the development of a soil from parent rocks through weathering and other physical, chemical, and biological processes over time.
3. The key processes involved in soil formation include weathering, leaching, and humification, which break down rocks, remove soluble materials, and decompose organic matter respectively.
Intro To Spheres
The document defines the four spheres that make up the Earth's systems: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It explains that the lithosphere is the solid surface of the Earth, the hydrosphere is all water on Earth, the atmosphere is the air surrounding the Earth, and the biosphere is all living things. The spheres are closely interconnected, with changes in one sphere often causing changes in another. Examples are provided of interactions between the spheres through the water cycle and effects of climate change.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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The Spheres of the earth
- 1. SPHERES OF THE EARTH
- 2. The earth can be understood as a system. In term One we have learnt that a system is made up of different organs working together in a group to perform a specific function. This means that no organ can work on it's own for the functionality of the body. Same with the Earth. The earth has 4 sphere that interact with each other for it to function (Joseph, 2014). 1. Lithosphere 2. Atmosphere 3. Hydrosphere 4. Biosphere
- 3. LITHOSPHERE It consist of the solid part of the earth, rock and soil. Lithosphere include the earth's crust, mantle and core (Manuel, 2013) Mountains, minerals, rocks and the soil are part of the Lithosphere. ATMOSPHERE Atmosphere consists of gases around the earth. These gases are available up in the air above the earth's surface. There is 78% nitrogen, 21% of oxygen , 0.9% of Argon and 0.1 % of other gases (Horton, 2014)
- 4. Hydrosphere Refers to the total amount of water found on the earth. This water can exist In all three phases, that is liquid gas and solid. The Hydrosphere Includes water found on the earth surface e.g lakes, rivers, dams and glaciers Water found below the earth’s surface e.g groundwater ( Surface runoff that has infiltrates the ground through the pores and cracks found in rocks) (Furgan, 2014) Water found above the earth surface e.g water vapor, clouds
- 6. Biosphere Refers to all the living organisms found in all the three spheres that were just mentioned. Living organisms found in the lithosphere include, Humans, terrestrial animals and plants (Lopez, 2013) Living organisms found in the hydrosphere include aquatic animals and plants Living organisms found in the atmosphere include, Flying organisms as well as micro organisms( bacteria and fungi)
- 8. The interaction between the spheres of the earth The interaction between spheres is essential for the life on earth. . Hydrosphere and Atmosphere can interact through evaporation . Hydrosphere and Geosphere can interact through the moisture which helps in the weathering and erosion of rocks in the geosphere. Atmosphere and Geosphere interact whereby the atmosphere provides the required heat and energy for the breakdown and erosion of rock in the geosphere. Biosphere and Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Geosphere interacts whereby the biosphere receives sunlight and gases from the atmosphere. It collects water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere.
- 9. Cont: All four spheres can often be found in a single location. For example, the lithosphere may contain minerals from the geosphere, moisture within the lithosphere from the hydrosphere, insects and plants from the biosphere inhabiting the soil and pockets of air present between the lithosphere pieces.
- 10. References Ahmed, F. 2014 The earth system, November 18. Available at:https://www.slideshare.net/furqanahmed965/the-earth-system (Accessed 19 August 2022). Horton, S., 2014 Atmosphere, January 13. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/snshnecu/atmosphere-43467074?qid=ca2c7b01-580b-4c7c- b885-4c5dfff055e6&v=&b=&from_search=4 (Accessed 19 August 2022). Joseph, A. (2014) The 4 Spheres, February 28. Available at:https://www.slideshare.net/littlevagabond/the-4-spheres?qid=b8fe267c-d83f-4eff-9e48- 62ddd54258c7&v=&b=&from_search=2 (Accessed 19 August 2022). Lopez , M.A. (2013) Earth as a system - Environmental Science, August 04. Available at:https://www.slideshare.net/04maraia/earth-as-a-system (Accessed 19 August 2022). Manuel S., 2013, The lithosphere, Enverga University Foundation, February 4. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/VictorOribe/the-lithosphere-16339734?qid=af2e92f6-862e- 49dd-ac75-88b6e98da59b&v=&b=&from_search=3 (Accessed 19 August 2022).