The Shortage Of Physician Primary Care Provider

The Shortage Of Physician Primary Care Provider
Prescriptive Authority The shortage of physician primary care provider, has created public
awareness bringing about the demand of the advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). The
APRN has the necessary training to assess, diagnose and treat patients. As the role of APRN begin
to expand the need to prescribe medications becomes very important. According to the American
Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), APRN practice in the United States is divided into three
groups: full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice. The scope of practice and prescriptive
authority of the APRN is determined according to state regulations (Gutchell, ldzik, & Lazear,
2014). Report according to Peck (2013), shows that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However variations occurs in states regulations with regards to prescriptive authority in terms of
procedures and requirements that must be met by the APRN, relationship with a physician if any to
prescribe, and the scope of the APRN prescriptive authority to prescribe controlled drug (Joel, 2013,
p.125). In other to understand the variations between states regulations with regards to prescriptive
authority, a comparison is made between the state of Texas and the state of Nevada.
State of Texas Prescriptive Authority According to the Texas board of nursing, the senate bill 406
improved the prescriptive authority for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in Texas
allowing them now prescribe medications in a facility–based practice settings under a protocol and
in other practice settings under a prescriptive authority agreement. In the state of Texas an APRN
who has been issued full licensure and a valid prescription authorization number by the Board of
nursing may prescribe non–prescription drugs, dangerous drugs, and devices, including durable
medical equipment. If an APRN wishes to prescribe controlled substances, he or she obtains the
authority to order and prescribe certain categories of controlled substances. Having an advanced
pharmacotherapeutics education is a must. APRNs in
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It's Time to Legalize Drugs Essay
No one can honestly claim that current American drug policies have been a success. To the contrary,
the current policy of drug prohibition, aside from being ineffective and costly, has created a set of
unwanted consequences including: a high prison population of non–violent offenders, corruption
within law enforcement, health issues, and an erosion of civil liberties . Albert Einstein said,
"Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results." Yet despite the
failures of the current policy in deterring drug use that is just what the government is choosing to do.
It's time to consider a different approach to the drug issue. An approach that will address drug use in
an innovative way while solving the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Office of National Drug Control Policy) With numbers like these it's clear that the current drug
policy is not only costly, but ineffective at preventing drug use. The high number of drug users
combined with the nation's tough drug laws has helped make the US the world's leading jailer. By
the end of 2008 2,304,115 people were incarcerated according to a December 2009 report by the US
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Drug offenders accounting for 22% of the US prison population
according to an article titled "Incarcerated in America" on the Human Rights Watch Website. The
cost to house an inmate averages about $35,000 a year, according to a New York Times article by
Jennifer Steinhauer. When all that money is added up that's a lot of money which could very easily
be used in better ways instead of pursuing and jailing non–violent drug offenders. In countries with
more liberal drug policies such as the Netherlands, where cannabis has been decriminalized and
where drug use is seen not as a criminal issue but as a health issue, drug use is actually much lower
than the US. According to the United Nations only 5.2% of those 12 and over in the Netherlands
have used drugs in the past year. (Martin) Thanks in large part to the Netherlands' approach to drug
education , which sees drug experimentation as part of normal growing up and thus aims at
providing the youth with "the most accurate information possible so they will know what they're
getting into."

Causes and Effects of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
In 1970 the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was put into place by the Congress of the United
States Government. This Act, Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
Act, is the federal U.S. drug policy which regulates the possession, use, manufacturing and
importation of certain controlled substances. The substances controlled under this act fall under
various classifications. These classifications are known as schedules. The legislation created 5
schedules with different qualifications for a substance to be included in each. Schedule I includes
some of the drugs that are viewed as seriously threatening while schedule V includes drugs that are
viewed as not as threatening. A Schedule I drug must fall under one of ... Show more content on
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Later, in the early to mid 1900's, cocaine would be linked to blacks and marijuana would be linked
to Mexicans. Many people believe that many of the drug laws put into place were done so because
of racism. When the United States banned opium importation, many other nations began to have
concerns about the growing drug abuse problem throughout the world, specifically the abuse of
opium in many of the nations of Asia. This concern led to meetings of several nations whose
mission was to restrict narcotics to medical use [2]. During the 1920's many mexican immigrants
fled to the United States for work. With them, many of them brought marijuana. The act of smoking
marijuana was picked up on by many black and white jazz musicians during the 1920's and 1930's,
but was not used widespread until the 1960's. During the 1930's, Louis Artmstrong was arrested in
California and given a sentence of six months for possession of Marijuana [3]. In 1937, the Treasury
Department established a marijuana transfer tax known as the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, after
testifying before Congress. After 1937 up until the passing of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act of
1970, which include the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, marijuana was legally controlled
through a transfer tax. [2] During the 40's and 50's, drug use was seen as a symbol of counterculture.
Jack Kerouac and other important figures of the Beat Generation all

The And Federal Crimes For Smuggling Cannabis Across State...
Families relocate because they do not want to face state and federal crimes for smuggling cannabis
across state lines. Or, be charged for child endangerment similar to the Brown Family of Minnesota.
However, not all families have the means to relocate to another state. Jennifer Conforti has a
daughter with severe biting habits and violent outbursts triggered by autism. The Conforti family
resides in Georgia and had to smuggle cannabis oil. "I was worried that the Department of Family
Services would take my daughter away. I was worried the sheriff would show up at my door and
arrest me," she comments (Jennifer quoted in Brunker, 2016). Similar fear of being caught identified
in Kate Pickert's statement of "a German shepherd approaches your ... Show more content on
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Marijuana has been decriminalized in Holland for over forty years. According to the 2011 United
Nations World Drug Report, "the relevance of cannabis use in Holland has been lower than in many
other European countries, the United States and Canada" (Spithoff, 2015, 1211–1216). The
relevance of the drug use in Holland was at an all–time low of seventeen percent. The highest rate of
the drug use was Canada, leading by twenty–eight percent. Holland's view on marijuana is the most
unique of the countries. The country focuses directly on accepting the practice rather than definite
policy. Small amounts of marijuana can be purchased at local "coffee shops." However, the coffee
shops are prohibited from selling to more than 2,000 legal residents of Holland ("The," 2012, A11).
In order to promote a good workplace, the "coffee shops" have to be respectful of their neighbor's
space and environment. Holland's government does not control many factors of the marijuana
production. Such as, the packaging, pricing and the taxing of the drug, which leads to a chain of
illegal supply. Surprisingly, marijuana use by youth have been

Mandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients Essay
The process of drug testing individuals who are applying or receiving welfare benefits has recently
become the focus of a widely spread controversy. Florida, the first state to pass the law, now
requires all individuals applying for public assistance to undergo drug testing. The state of
Kentucky, among others, have considered following this trend. State lawmakers hope to prevent the
squandering of taxpayer dollars on drugs by proposing similar guidelines. Alabama's states
representative Kerry Rich clearly affirmed his state's position on the matter, "I don't think the
taxpayers should have to help fund somebody's drug habit" (qtd. in Time).
A decision to implement mandatory drug testing may be an imperative step for preventing welfare ...
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Many question this policy. Worrying, the majority of people who are applying for state benefits may
not have the ability to cover the upfront expense. Therefore, needy families would go without food.
While there are many benefits to passing this law, we must consider the other possible problems and
solutions as well. Selling food stamps for drugs is not the sole issue at hand. Welfare abuse comes in
many forms. Until recent changes in identification verification practices by physicians and medical
centers, Medicaid fraud was also an ongoing issue. People without medical coverage would often
borrow the medical card of a friend or family member, and then go to a doctor or dentist. In other
words, it was not diligent auditors or highly mandated policies that reduced Medicaid fraud. In fact,
the meticulous works of insurance companies are responsible. Today, physician offices place a
patient's photograph in the chart. Verifying the patient's identity helps certify insurance claims are
filed on behalf of the actual member. As a result, the state's Medicaid program benefited from this
much–needed change.
The more widely recognized form of welfare abuse, practiced for decades, occurs when people sell
food stamps for cash. In the eighties food stamps were in the form of coupons and assigned a
monetary value. It was

The War On Drugs And Drugs Essay
The war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in
the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which
required all over–the–counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the
first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug
Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug
Enforcement Agency (DEA) was formed. The funding for the war on drugs had greatly increased
over the decades and has reached the record of an annual budget of $17.8 billion which occurred in
1998. Much of the budget is used to intervene drug flow on the U.S. border and for interdiction
according to Cooper's 1993 War on Drugs article. Some people agree that having more man power
at the U.S. border will help eliminate the U.S. drug problem while others argue that even though
having more people working the border increases drug seizures there are still drugs continuing to
enter the United States. These may be the very people that believe in using the budget to provide
more educational programs to the younger generation and having prevention programs will help
those that may have become a drug user if not a addict. The last group of American do not believe
either of those programs have worked in the past and will not work in the future. With those options
gone the only thing left to do it to legalize

Persuasive Essay On The War On Drugs
Who knew that such a product could create such destruction and chaos? Ever since Richard Nixon
declared the war on drugs it would begin a chain reaction of horrifying events to the citizens of the
United States.It tears apart families due to multiple arrests made by law enforcement. Not only do
these people are separated from their loved ones but they have to suffer by spending long periods of
time in prison. Due to this drug, not only does it increase incarceration, it would be caused to
skyrocket. According to the documentary, The House I live in,the United States only make up 5% of
the world's population yet it carries 25% of prison incarceration. Making the United States as the
country with the highest incarceration rate. These statistics on how high these numbers must've
become that way for a reason. A simple answer to that is law enforcement. The police have been
responsible for arresting these people who merely just use drugs. A corruption within law
enforcement would be an understatement. The police have an incentive to make these arrests based
off drug related charges. A way to minimize these issues would be to legalize drugs. Rather than
fighting this drug war, it's clear that we have been losing for decades now. If you can't beat them
then join them. Legalizing drugs would be the best option.
If the United States approved the use of drugs by the public, it would decrease the high prison
population. Rather than keeping these nonviolent offenders behind bars for

Steroids In Mexico
Marcus Bond
Mrs. Lawson
12th Grade English
2017 Apr, 19 Steroids are legal to sell
In Mexico where steroids are legal. Guess what. Mexico doesn 't have a steroid problem. In fact, the
issue doesn 't even raise an eyebrow. Anyone, including a 15 year–old soccer player, can walk into a
pharmacy, go right up to the counter, ask for preloaded ready–jects of Sustanon 250 and Deca, pay
his 500–some–odd pesos and walk out, just as if he 'd purchased pink sugar cookies and a bottle of
Gatorade. No problem. And, oddly, the news reports in Mexico are barren of anyone dying from
steroids. No teens are committing suicide. Sports are not rife with cheaters and allegations of
malfeasance. Parent groups aren 't up in arms demanding legislation. There ... Show more content on
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And the government took the hormones our own bodies produce, labeled them with a skull and
crossbones, and made outlaws of those who possess, use, import, and sell them. You may be
thinking, steroids are illegal because they 're dangerous! Really? Compared to what? Swallow a
bottle of Tylenol and see what happens. Swallow a bottle of Vitamin C and see what happens. Drink
three gallons of water in a single sitting and see what happens. Inject an entire 10 cc bottle of
testosterone and you know what 'll happen? You might get a headache. MIGHT. Inject an entire
bottle of testosterone every day for a week and you know what will happen? You 'll probably add 15
pounds to your bench, your bad cholesterol might go up a little, and you 'll probably hold a little
water.
Continue this insane dosing for a month, and your bench might go up 50 pounds, your testes will
stop producing endogenous testosterone and atrophy slightly, and you might get some acne on your
shoulders and back. MIGHT. Stop taking testosterone and you know what happens? In time,
everything goes back to normal – with or without a PCT (post–cycle therapy). You can 't say that
after weeks of benders on full bottles of Tylenol and Vitamin C. The acetaminophen will probably
have permanently damaged your liver or even killed you, and the vitamin C will have burned a hole
in your stomach. But steroids are illegal and Tylenol and vitamin C can be purchased over

The War on Drugs is Failing Essay
The War on Drugs is Failing
"Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance... for it goes beyond the bounds of
reason in that it attempts to control a man's appetite by legislation and make a crime out of things
that are not a crime. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principle upon which our
government was founded" Abraham Lincoln
On January 16, 1920 the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified by thirty–six states and became part of
the Constitution. The intention of this new amendment was to lower alcohol consumption by
Americans. At the time each American consumed on average thirty gallons of alcohol a year.[1] This
new amendment took away the license to do business from the brewers, distillers, and the ... Show
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The War on Drugs intends to rid America of drugs, hard and soft, just as prohibition attempted to rid
America of drink. The arguments against the War on Drugs are the same arguments that persuaded
politicians sixty years ago to end Prohibition. Just as the movement to rid America of alcohol failed,
so will the War on Drugs because social engineering works no better today than it did then.
The War on Drugs has given birth to many of the modern day evils. The most widespread
repercussion of the War on Drugs is the crime rate. " In 1990, the number of people sent to state and
federal prisons for drug offenses exceeded the number of offenders sent to prison for violent
crimes.... Drug offenders currently make up 62 percent of the federal inmate population, up from 22
percent in 1980."[3] Add to this the fact that most of these prisoners are nonviolent offenders put
there under mandatory minimum sentencing laws and the explanation for why this country is
running out of prison space should be readily apparent.
The second most prevalent, as well as disheartening, result of this movement is the death of innocent
victims. The support for this result can be found in the obituary section of the daily newspaper or on
the five o'clock news. Even the smallest of towns have been afflicted with death due to drugs. Back–
alley heroin and basement–lab manufactured amphetamines present the same problem as

The DEA: A 2005 Study
During the year 1960, only four million Americans had ever tried illegal narcotics; today that
number has risen to 74 million (DEAMuseum). The National Survey on Drug Use and Health
(NSDUH) concluded that over the past thirty days, more than 20 million Americans over the age of
twelve have used illegal drugs (NCADD). As one of the top health–related problems facing the
nation today, the prevalence of drug abuse in society strains the economy, health care system,
criminal justice system, and poses a major threat to public safety. This is because once they are
hooked on a particular drug; addicts will do whatever it takes to come into possession of more of it.
To illustrate that point, a 2004 study conducted by the Department of Justice (DoJ) ... Show more
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In order to be considered for a position, an applicant must meet a few qualifying factors. These
include being a United States citizen, passing a DEA administered drug test, completion of a DEA
drug questionnaire and drug–use statement, and successfully passing a background investigation
(DEA). Any applicants who have a history of using illegal narcotics are automatically excluded
from the hiring process (DEA). This contrasts with the hiring processes of some other federal
agencies, including the FBI, who have begun to relax their drug use history policies (MSNBC). If
the candidate is applying for a position as a special agent, then he/she must meet some additional
requirements. These requirement include passing a medical examination, a physical task assessment,
a polygraph examination, and a psychological assessment (DEA). Upon completion of the
application process, the candidate will be notified once a final decision has been made. Once an
offer of employment has been made, the candidate will be sent to the DEA training academy in
Quantico, Virginia (DEA). The academy lasts nineteen weeks and provides recruits with the skills
they will need to be successful agents in the DEA (DEA). These skills include advanced firearms
training, basic marksmanship training, weapons safety training, deadly force decision training, and
rigorous physical fitness training

Controlled Substance Act
The Controlled Substances Act and the Evolutionary War on Drugs
Drugs have been used for hundreds of years for medical, religious, and psychotherapy purposes. As
psychoactive drugs became more popularly used for recreational use and were being introduced in
new ways, there became a strong need for control and regulation. The Controlled Substance Act was
implemented to take a stronghold on the growing drug problem in the United States. The
advancement of science and technology continuously present a need for new ideas and legislations;
to keep a strong hold on the war on drugs. Whether the United States can keep up with the changing
epidemics and tackle them head on, proves to be a main concern.
Only a few decades ago, research began to show ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would have had a greater impact on the entire issue as it would have closed the revolving door
and lowered prison capacities. Today, the focus is on law enforcement and harsh punishments for
drug crimes; which in turn fills our prisons and depletes our funding and police force. Although the
CSA took a different direction then what Nixon intended, it still provides a direct course of action
towards drug control. Essentially, the legislation was put in place because "illegal importation,
manufacture, distribution, and possession and improper use of controlled substances have a
substantial and detrimental effect on the health and general welfare of the American people"
(Wilson, 2004). The most significant aspect of the Controlled Substances Act is the
scheduling/classification of drugs. Not only was control of these substances desired but they needed
a classification system to properly implement laws and punishments for the abuse of drugs. The
effects of drugs differ in effects on the brain, mood, behavior, dependency, and criminal
participation. In other words, some drugs are more dangerous than others and should have maximum
security (Bonnie,

Drug Testing is Not a Violation of Individual Rights Essay
Every day companies lose millions of dollars due to employee drug use. Athletes break world
records with gargantuan strength, but not on a fair scale. Drugs ruin the lives of users and cause
injury to those who must work with users. Detection by officials is necessary to curb this problem.
When does the safety for others violate the rights of drug users? Drug testing, whether in the
workplace or on the athletic field, is not a violation of civil rights.
"In 1988, the National Institute on Drug Abuse estimated that 12 percent of full–time employed
Americans between the ages of 20 and 40 used an illicit drug" (Goldburg 62). Twenty percent of the
14.5 million Americans who use drugs are employed. This fact has convinced many that ... Show
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"Among high school seniors entering the work force, the levels of drug use were even higher; in
1988, 18 percent reported current use of marijuana and three percent use of cocaine" (Goldburg 62).
Drug use among workers costs companies anywhere from $50 to $100 billion a year in lost man
hours, damaged or destroyed equipment and property, increased insurance premiums, legal fees, and
lost efficiency (Zigarelli 77).
The answer is drug testing. Drug testing is a simple, cost–effective technique for increasing the
safety of others. "Tested groups have included military personnel . . . state employees (especially
those who involved in law enforcement and transportation), high school and collegiate athletes . . . "
(Levy 158). Drug tests are correct 99 percent of the time (Zigarelli 78).
Richard Wornsnop explains the average drug test:
In the first stage of testing, a sample of urine is injected into a heated test tube that vaporizes the
liquid into its chemical components. Each substance takes a characteristic amount of time to reach
the bottom of the tube, affording an opportunity for preliminary analysis. In the second stage, mass
spectromy, the compounds emerging from the tube are bombarded by electrons. The resulting
molecular debris is then subjected to final analysis and identification. If a

Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal?
Today's society is unique to any times in history. From the legalization of gay marriage, to our
increased national security of USA PATRIOT act, we see a high contrast on personal rights as a
citizen of the united states. Recently, an increasingly debated topic on marijuana legalization is
widely argued. Whether it's for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point.
The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has
been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful
effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that
influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are to be altered from a prior state.
Addiction rate, health impact, reason to prescribe, and economic benefits are all factors needed to
take into reason whether medical marijuana usage should be prescribed or not. Medically prescribed
marijuana can treat symptoms of certain conditions and diseases, however can impact the mental
health and be addictive to heavy users. In this explorative essay, topics on both sides of the argument
will be expressed, background information will be added to provide context, and will be unbiased to
shed light on the depth of the topic. The legalization of medical marijuana is a heavy topic, and legal
aspects are central to its debate. Despite the potential health benefits of medical marijuana, new

Persuasive Speech Outline On Drugs
Opening Paragraph, Thesis Statement: the government has set rules to ban drugs by enforcing the
laws on drugs and intend to do everything in their power to resolve the issues with drugs. the
government has set rules to ban drugs by enforcing the laws on drugs and intend to do everything in
their power to resolve the issues with drugs.
A. Including drug policies that intended to stop production, distribution, and consumption of drugs.
Plus he devoted federal resources to prevent new addicts and rehab for those addicted to drugs. Drug
policy alliance estimate that the U.S spend 51 billion dollars annually on these point of views.
B. Commonly illegal drugs include heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and, marijuana. Marijuana is
the most popular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supporting Detail: By contrast, Washington's voter–approved marijuana law leaves the legislative
branch largely out of the loop, and gives the State Liquor Control Board responsibility for coming
up with a system for licensing, regulating and taxing marijuana growers, processors and retail stores.
c. Supporting Detail: A key selling point for marijuana legalization in Colorado and Washington was
the potential for a major new stream of revenue in the form of licensing fees and taxes on the
cultivation, processing and sale of cannabis.
Main Idea – Executive Branch: .US Attorney General Jeff Sessions said
Supporting Detail: A "I realize this may be an unfashionable belief in a time of growing tolerance of
drug use. But too many lives are at stake to worry about being fashionable. I reject the idea that
America will be a better place if marijuana is sold in every corner store. And I am astonished to hear
people suggest that we can solve our heroin crisis by legalizing marijuana – so people can trade one
life–wrecking dependency for another that's only slightly less awful. Our nation needs to say clearly
once again that using drugs will destroy your life." Supporting Detail: B. He also wanted to bring
back Nancy Reagan's anti–drug propaganda campaigns of the

Should People Who Receive Government Assistance Undergo...
Meth, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin are among the top drugs that many people use and utilized as
money making tactics. As we all know, drugs are found and they are heavily used in low income
areas, not only do they pose a significant effect on one's health but they pose a significant effect on
our economy. Generally it is perceived that those who reside in low income areas are the ones who
resort to drugs, evidently they are. Likewise, they are also the ones who are utilizing government
assistance programs. Some of these programs include; health care, child care, ebt benefits, and even
housing assistance programs. So the big question is "Should people who receive government
assistance undergo drug tests?" Although the government may have their suspicions on testing
individuals who they give assistance to, I feel that they shouldn't drug test the individuals who are
receiving assistance. Though, drug testing the individual seems as it would be a quaint idea, the cost
of the tests are quite expensive. Rosenfeld discusses in his article that most drugs can leave a
person's system in about two to three days. On the contrary, it has become quite common today that
most drugs that people utilize stay in a person's systems for a few weeks to a few months (i.e.
marijuana).While taking this thought into mind; it also shows how the drugs tests won't be accurate
if this happens. Simply because, many people will try to beat the test by attempting to cleanse their

What Will Happen After The War On Drugs
Drugs first surfaced in the United States in the 1800s. After the Civil War opium become very
popular and was used medicinally. Following opium was cocaine which was also used as a health
remedy but near the end of the 19th century opium and cocaine abuse peaked and local governments
began to prohibit opium dens and importation. In 1914 the first federal drug policy, the Harrison
Narcotics act, is passed and drugs are no longer seen as harmless remedies. The act aggressively
regulated the manufacturing of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and morphine. During the 50's more
federal drug policies were passed and drugs began to become more criminalized. The 60's saw a rise
in counter–culture and substances such as marijuana and LSD saw widespread use. The demand for
drugs skyrocketed in the 1960s. In 1971 President Nixon declared drug abuse America 's number
one enemy and proclaimed that we must wave a all out offensive. After President Nixon declared the
War on Drugs in 1971, the United States has spent more than a trillion dollars on this failing policy
that not only has had no effect on the amount of drugs being used in the United States and has
increased the number of people incarcerated on drug charges from just 50,000 to over half a million,
but also has helped fuel drug cartels and foment violence and death through overdoses from
uncontrolled drug potency and turf wars between street gangs.
The War on Drugs has an annual cost of $51 billion("Drug War Statistics." Drug Policy.

Psychedelic Substance Abuse
Drugs have been used for centuries. Many are legal and many are illegal. The negative stigma that is
frequently associated with psychedelic substances is not necessarily true. In this study, I identified
the effects of the short–term use of alcohol, nicotine, opioid analgesics, psilocybin, LSD, and
MDMA. These effects were determined to be adverse, neutral, or beneficial. Then, I identified the
punishments that the possession of these substances could result in. These punishments were
determined to result in imprisonment, potentially result in imprisonment, or not result in
imprisonment. It was discovered that the short–term use of these substances do not differ greatly in
regard to their adverse, neutral, and beneficial effects. Additionally, ... Show more content on
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Short–term MDMA use commonly lead to the beneficial psychological effects of euphoria and
increased empathy (Meyer 2013). The Neutral effects of hallucinations and enhanced sensations
were also common (Greene, Kerr, Braitberg 2008). Physically, increased heart rate and increased
blood pressure (Keane 2014) and dehydration, and hyperthermia (Carvalho, Carmo, Costa, Capela,
Pontes, Remiao, Carvalho, Bastos 2012) were typical effects. These were all assigned the category
of adverse. Increased perspiration was the final typical physical side effect (Keane 2014). It was
assigned the category of

Cesare Lombroso 's The Modern Criminal Justice System
"A drug is any chemical entity or mixture of entities, other than those required for the maintenance
of normal health, the administration of which alters biological function and possibly structure"
World health organisation (1981). Cesare Lombroso's (1835) proposed that people were "born
criminals" through human development and that criminals could be identified by features such as
large ears or slopping foreheads. Although this theory is not used anymore in modern society, Cesare
Lombroso's (1835) is still recognised and credited for positivism and the scientific study of crime.
Cesare Beccaria (1738) believed that criminal offences could be deterred by a form of punishment
such as deterrence, and that people possessed a free will. Cesare Beccaria (1738) "theory is the
foundation of the modern criminal justice systems" (page 260). "More people are arrested each year
for drug–related offenses than any other type of crime, and taxpayers spend tens of billions on
arresting, prosecuting and jailing offenders for drug crimes" In this essay, I, will be discussing how
the criminal justice system responds to drug offenders.
Offences under the misuse of drugs act can include: "possession of a controlled drug, possession
with intent to supply to another person, production, cultivation or manufacture of controlled drugs,
offering to supply another person with a controlled drug, import or export of controlled drugs and
allowing premises you occupy or manage to be used for the

Criminalization Of Cannabis In Canada
In Canada, cannabis use became illegal in 1923 after the Act to Prohibit the Improper Use of Opium
and other Drugs added cannabis to the list of illicit substances. Cannabis then became an illegal
substance under the same category of harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin, despite lack of
scientific or criminal correlations to suggest such categorization (CAMH, 2014). An increase in
illicit drug use in the 1960's and 1970's was met by greatly increased criminalization and the
associated individual and social costs. The strain on the courts, and the rising numbers of otherwise
law–abiding youth being sentenced for recreational use of cannabis created pressures for the
liberalization of Canada's drug laws. As a result, the Commission of Inquiry ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In R. v. Readhead (2008), the accused was charged with the possession of marijuana and possession
of marijuana for the purpose of trafficking and was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of two and
one half years. Readhead argued that the sentencing judge erred in his decision and asked for a fairer
sentence. The British Columbia Court of Appeal stated that the sentence prescribed by the
sentencing judge is within the proper scope of his judgment but still reduced the sentence to two
years less a day. As pointed out by the British Columbia Court of Appeal, Readhead's past
experience with the law, in which he has three previous charges for trafficking marijuana, did not
deter or rehabilitate him in any way( R. v. Readhead, 2008). In R. v. Evers (2011), the accused was
charged with the offences of unlawfully producing a controlled substance and possessing this
substance for the purposes of trafficking. However, despite Evers's lack of remorse for producing
marijuana and her explicitly stating that she intended to continue her grow operation, the trial judge
did not impose any jail time. The trial judge stated that there was no point in imprisoning Evers as
doing so would only make her a martyr for the legalization of marijuana (R. v. Evers, 2011). Both of
these cases

Essay about The Debate over the Legalization of Marijuana
The debate over whether or not marijuana should be legalized has been active throughout the United
States for nearly a century with arguments from both sides, pro and con, posing quite valid points.
Research has proven that cannabis, in various forms, has been used for hundreds of years for
recreational, medicinal and industrial purposes. Contrary to common misconception, cannabis, or
marijuana, is not smoked in all forms. Only the flowers, or buds, and leaves are harvested for
recreational use. Some believe that the legalization of marijuana could save the economy and would
lower crime rates in certain areas. Marijuana can also be prescribed medically in certain states
across the U.S. and is a Schedule I controlled substance, but THC, the ... Show more content on
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There are over 25,000 other economically feasible and environmentally friendly uses for marijuana
including diesel fuel, insulation, paper, paint, beauty products and even food as its protein content is
second only to soy (Mehling 11). With all of these environmentally friendly uses for hemp it seems
almost irresponsible to not take advantage of its many advantages.
It should seem odd to most that a plant with so many resources is also classified as a Schedule 1
drug. Drugs are classified within five different categories that are based on the drugs acceptable
medical use and its potential for abuse or dependency (www.justice.gov). The official DEA website
defines Schedule 1 drugs as, "The most dangerous class of drugs with a high potential for abuse and
potentially severe psychological and/or physical dependence (www.justice.gov)." Schedule 2 drugs
are defined as, "Drugs with a high potential for abuse, less abuse potential than Schedule I drugs,
with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also
considered dangerous (www.justice.gov)" Schedule 2 drugs include substances such as: cocaine,
methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone
(OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin (www.justice.gov). Each of the drugs listed
above are responsible for overdoses daily and have some of the highest death tolls that are drug–
related. With this being said there has not ever been

The Controversy Over the Medicinal Use of Marijuana...
The debate about marijuana in the United States is ever changing and not lacking in attention by any
means. Just the topic of marijuana legalization brings about varying opinions on many different
levels and which has the potential to divide a country, a state, a county, a city and in some instances,
maybe a household. The topic of marijuana and its legalization for whatever reasons contains within
it, many topics which the debate currently revolves around. However, the debate to decriminalize
marijuana for medicinal purposes is the most profound. But, many who do not know may ask the
questions. Who is involved in the debate and for what reasons? How has it affected our society or
nation as a whole? Or, what is the past and what may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advocates for medicinal marijuana argue that clinical tests have established that marijuana has
definite and valid therapeutic values. It is the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana that is the
active chemical component for the relief o pain and symptoms. Marijuana suppresses AIDS–related
nausea and nausea in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy, along with appetite loss and
abnormal pressure in the eye which leads to glaucoma, the #1 cause of blindness. Marijuana is also
believed to be a safe and inexpensive alternative in treating muscle spasms, epilepsy, anorexia,
asthma, insomnia, depression and other disorders. Marijuana is not only believed to help with
physical ailments, but psychological ones as well. A former chairman of the 1991 established Office
of Alternative Medicine's (OAM) Program Advisory Council said, "When used appropriately,
marijuana could be extremely helpful to people undergoing certain kinds of emotional crises."
Then there is the opposition who says that there is still no consensus that confirms marijuana as a
legitimate medicinal agent. The opponents believe the THC damages the brain, the heart, the lungs,
the reproductive and immune systems, and that marijuana use is linked to increased aggressiveness
and violent behavior. It is also reported to reduce memory, inhibit driving ability, limit attention
span, increase the risk of schizophrenia,

Persuasive Essay On Drug Trafficking
Drug trafficking is the selling, distributing, and transporting of illegal substances. Involving drugs
such as heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. If caught, a person may endure jail time along with having
their assets taken away. These punishments are due to the amount of risks that are involved within
the issue. Drug trafficking has become associated with addictive problems. Mostly involving young
adults. This then brings up many concerning issues. One being the increasing rate of seizures per
year revolving around the use of drugs. However that is only one of the numerous problems drug
trafficking has brought to today's society. The history of drug trafficking began mostly in Columbia
and has spread across to Mexico and many more places. Because of its spreading drugs have often
fallen into the wrong hands. Resulting in young adults being the highest percentage of people that
end up contributing to the chain of drug trafficking. The easily made money outweighs the cost
when it comes to young adults deciding to spend most of their time as a drug dealer. Although, it has
come to a point where the federal government can decide whether they wish to claim a substance as
controlled. Meaning that the distribution and use of the substance is governed by law. The states do
however have the right to state their own set of drug laws apart from the federal government. The
modern era, most people are familiar with the World Wide Web because they use it every day

Canada 's Drug Laws And Drugs
Canada 's drug regulations are covered by the Food and Drug Act and the Controlled Drugs and
Substances Act. In relation to controlled and restricted drug products the Controlled Drugs and
Substances Act establishes eight schedules of drugs and new penalties for the possession,
trafficking, exportation and production of controlled substances as defined by the Governor–in–
Council. Drug policy of Canada has traditionally favoured punishment of the smallest of offenders,
but this convention was partially broken in 1996 with the passing of the Controlled Drugs and
Substances Act.[1]
Contents
HistoryEdit
Until 1908 the use of narcotics, opiates especially, in Canada was unregulated.[2] From the 1850s
onwards, Chinese immigrants came to British Columbia in droves, establishing opium dens in their
isolated communities. Canadian employers saw the Chinese immigrants as a source of cheap labour,
and the government viewed opium consumption as another way to gain revenue, imposing a tax on
opium factories in 1871. However, with the decline of the gold rush in the 1880s resentment towards
the Chinese grew, as unemployed Canadians could not compete with cheap Chinese labour.[3]
Additionally, Japanese immigration to Canada began to rise sharply, resulting in demonstrations
against Asian labour. In 1907, there was a particularly large demonstration against Asian immigrants
in Vancouver 's Chinatown.[4] In response to the demonstrations, Deputy Minister of Labour
Mackenzie King

Persuasive Essay : Should Drug Prohibition Be Legalized?
Drug prohibition is a law that by which governments prohibit the supply, production and possession
of substances classified as drugs, exempt is those with a license. The policy is enforced
internationally and for decades has come under constant scrutiny for its many impacting failures and
brief but futile successes. This has led to many advocating for the legalisation of drugs as a viable
solution due to its proven success in countries like Portugal. This essay will cover why prohibition
should be abolished whilst also looking at how drug legalisation can remedy the issues caused by
prohibition as well as posing an argument against legalisation to give a rounded assessment of the
issue.
Drug prohibition spawn black market corruption whilst damaging overall public health by exposing
them to a variety of drugs. Drug market participants are forced to conduct business illegally, thus
resorting to bribery and extortion of various high ranking public officials. According to (Steel, Alan,
2006), a negative spinoff from drug prohibition is the creation of an international black market
'worth over $100 billion a year'. The black market is aided by 'corruption of governments such as
Columbia' and Brazil(source) who are dominated by drug gangs and organised crime. However, the
biggest effect the black market has on the public is that the government has no control over the
purity of drugs and unregulated drugs can have dire effects. Users of low impact drugs like cannabis
are forced

Employee Drug Testing: Fair and Effective Essay
Annually in America, billions of taxpayer dollars are spent to pay for the unnecessary expenses
caused by drug–impaired employees. Workers whose performances are negatively altered by drug
use contribute to losses in business productivity and assist in lowering workplace safety. On
average, according to the Community Anti–Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), $100 billion is
lost per year due to accidents, decreases in productivity, and other related expenses caused by
incompetent, drug abusing employees ("Coalitions"). However, through a thoughtful system,
businesses can be protected against the harms presented by deleterious contraband abusers. In an
effort to curb staff member drug trends and to protect employee health, public safety, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The presence of drugged workers dramatically reduces safety levels at work (DuPont, 124).
According to G. John Tysse and Garen E. Dodge, those who consume illegal drugs are more likely
to cause or be part of a work related accident than employees who do not use drugs (112).
Companies trapped in such situations rapidly lose productivity (Tysse, 111), and quickly find
themselves footing the bill to pay for the consequent expenses. However, most agree that these
trends can be countered by establishing effective, lawful drug screening programs. As unfavorable
as productivity loss, increased expense, and decreased safety are, there are some who are against
workplace drug inspection. These opponents claim the testing procedures violate personal privacy
and are therefore unconstitutional (Cantrell). In Drug Tests and Polygraphs, it is expressed that drug
tests are invasive of privacy because employers do not hold the right to examine the bodily fluids of
employees by means of urinalysis (Jussim, 15). Furthermore, adversaries argue that mandatory
examinations allow employers to monitor off the job drug use behavior (DuPont, 126). Opponents
further the argument against testing by asserting drug testing to be inaccurate (Berrien, 122–123).
These critics have cited lab and test errors as the source of inaccuracy (Jussim, 31). Fortunately, the
aforementioned concerns and deficiencies can be conquered by putting into effect carefully
controlled drug screening

Essay about Drugs and Alcohol in the Workplace
Use of Drugs and Alcohol in the Workplace {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Figure 2 79% of binge
drinkers are members of the workforce (Drug–Free Workplace) {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Drug
and/or Alcohol Use Seriously Threatens Organizations {draw:frame} Excessive absenteeism, which
holds a significantly percentage of occurrences of drug users as cited above, costs an organization
lower productivity, damaged moral and consequently lower product quality. The US Dept of Labor
reports that annually, 500 million work days are lost solely due to alcoholism. In addition to
absenteeism lowering moral, workplace theft is an experienced and related problem. Approximately
18% of cocaine users steal at work, from either the employer ... Show more content on
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These are guys who you might find at the end of a bar any given night, or might be a once
occasional drug user who went bad. What is the financial impact to this industry–wide problem?
Most of all, we are saddled with high insurance rates, specifically liability and Workers
Compensation rates. There is a formula for determining rates, and those rates are based on
experience modifiers, among other things. Guys who use at work in our industry are an accident
waiting to happen. You can't be safe on a construction site while you are intoxicated or high. Is the
problem rampant in your company? We are pretty lucky. We haven't had much of a problem in our
company. Most of the men we have with us are family men, more concerned with going home after
work and spending time with their families. They may enjoy a beer or two from time to time, but are
not the kind of group who gets their paycheck and disappears for a few days. _Being in this
vulnerable industry, how do you combat the potential employee use of drugs and/or alcohol in your
workplace?_ Like I said, we have a good group of guys working for us. But we hire smart. We
screen our guys through a drug test and extensive referrals. A lot of our workforce recommends their
family or friends to us as well. Are you contractually obligated to drug test? In some cases, yes.
Several of the big

Public Policy Essay : Drug Policy
Rickey Corporan
5/2/15
Public Policy Essay: Drug Policy
Public Policy is the righteous guide to action taken by the decision–making executive branches of
the state with regard to a class of issues that are reliable with law and institutional levies. The basis
of public policy is self–ruled by national legal laws and guidelines. Further substrates contain both
judicial explanations and regulations in which it becomes official by legislature. While dealing with
issues that concern public policies in the United States, policymakers overlook a certain bill and
have the right to enforce the law or veto it.
One particular Policy that is popular today is the Drug policy of the United States. This particular
public policy is Drug Policy of the United States. It all started when usage of drugs has increased in
all categories since the beginning of the exclusion on January 20, 1920. Also. Drug usage reached a
certain peak level when the usage of Opium started after the Harrison Act of 1914 was heartened.
Between 1972 and 1988, cocaine usage more than five times the regular limit, in which it introduced
two popular drugs: amphetamines and ecstasy which have shown similar improvements.
The drug policy of the United States was built by The Office of National Drug Control Policy,
which came from a former cabinet–level section of the president's Executive Office. This action led
to the establishment of the Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1988. The goals of this program are to establish

Alternatives to Incarceration Essay
In 1996, Anderson and Dyson published a study to investigate boot camp success and offender risk
assessment for CRIPP (Court Regimented Intensive Probation Program) participants. This study was
conducted on 1225 male boot camp graduates. Logistic regression was used to determine which
participants were more likely to reoffend after boot camp. Independent variables were recoded for
the logistical regression model analysis used in this study. The effect of a prior felony conviction
increases the probability of failure by a significant 27%. Those found to be most likely to recidivate
are those who have prior felony convictions, prior drug offenses, prior personal offenses, prior
misdemeanors, and be between the ages of 17–20. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study found that more boot camp graduates successfully completed SIPP than other SIPP
participants. More than 50% of non–boot camp graduate failed SIPP. Being employed was strongly
correlated with success and decreased recidivism. In 1998, Miller and Grossi published a study that
assessed the educational gains of boot camp inmates. The sample for this study was comprised of
279 individuals who completed a pre and post TABE from 1993–1995. An overwhelming majority,
87% of the participants was male, and slightly more than half were white. Slightly less than half of
the offenders had less than a high school education, and an amazing 40% of offenders were drug
related. Pre and post reading levels using a paired–sample t–test analysis were used. They used an
analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for differences between the groups for the pre and post subject
area tests. This study found that offenders who had less than a high school education were
significantly lower than the scores for the offenders who had completed high school. It was noted
that regardless of education levels, offenders that completed boot camp increased their math,
reading, and language skills by at least one grade level. Minority offenders were likely to have lower
pre and post test scores; however, they too improved their skills by the end of the boot camp
program. In 2003, Lattimore, Broner, Sherman, Frisman, and Shafer published a study comparing

Social Drugs & Medicines
1. Explain the terms social drugs and medicines.
People take social drugs to help them relax or occasionally give themselves the feeling of having
more energy (BBC 2013). Social drugs are also known as recreational or non medicinal drugs.
These types of drugs are used for recreational purposes and without medical justification. There are
two types of social drugs, illegal and socially acceptable drugs. Illegal social drugs include heroin,
cocaine, cannabis and LSD. Examples of socially acceptable drugs are caffeine, nicotine and
alcohol. However, unlike social drugs, medicinal drugs are taken for the purpose of treating,
preventing and diagnosing a disease (Taylor and Reide 1998 p3). Examples of medicinal drugs
include amitriptyline – an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some stores have a limit as to how many packs of medicines you can buy off the shelf to reinforce
this.
Certain drugs are classed as prescription only medicines as they have more harmful effects on an
individual's body. They are not available over the counter so to prevent the misuse of these drugs as
they can lead to more serious consequences if taken incorrectly. Although, general sales list
medicines can also harm an individual when taken in higher quantities, they do not run the same risk
of misuse as prescription only medicines and can be self–medicated. General sales list medicines,
such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen, in higher quantities are classed as pharmacy medicines.
4. Outline the purpose of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
"An Act to make new provision with respect to dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs and related
matters, and for purposes connected therewith." (Legislation.gov.uk 2013) The act is aimed to
prevent the non–medical use of drugs, such as Amphetamines – a stimulant and Lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD) – a hallucinogen. The act was introduced to criminalise the production,
unlawful supply and possession of controlled drugs and also the exporting or importing of these
drugs. It has given police the authority to stop, detain and search people on "reasonable suspicion"
that they are carrying a controlled drug.
The act controls social drugs that are illegal, these differ from medicinal drugs as they are not taken
to

Mandatory Drug Testing for Student Athletes Essay
In many high schools around the country, student athletes are using drugs. "The percent of students
that have drunk alcohol is 72.5% while the number of students who have used marijuana is 36.8%"
(Report: Nearly Half of High School Students Using Drugs, Alcohol). The students believe that
since they are athletes that they do not need to abide by the rules because they feel more superior
and that the narcotic will not hurt or affect them. Implementing random drug tests for athletes will
create a positive image and not hurt others or themselves. Schools need to have drug tests for
student athletes because drugs effect relationships, using drugs have consequences, and lastly they
have a major effect on the body. Not drug testing student ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In this scenario, the team member will not be friends again because trust has been broken which will
cause complications when playing in a game. If the team can not work together, then they will not
be able to work together and win a game. The team members then will become furious that they are
not winning games which causes more tension and resentment on the team. If one little thing like
using drugs can ruin a team, then why not have student athletes tested for drugs so relationships on
the team do not get destroyed. Not only do drugs effect relationships, but they also cause
consequences for the individual taking them. Playing a sport and using drugs are prohibited. By
drug testing student athletes for prohibited drugs, they will know not to use them or there will be
consequences that will occur. Some consequences may include a warning, a detention, a suspension,
not being able to play a couple of games or not being to play sports ever again. "Maysville's plan
also includes a suspension and removal process based on how many times student–athletes violate
its drug policy. That process includes counseling, which is a critical part of keeping our children off
drugs," (More Schools Should Drug–test Athletes). It may be expensive to conduct all the drug tests
,but it will prevent athletes from doing drugs and keep the athlete away from getting addicted to
using drugs. When an athlete gets addicted to using a drug they will do whatever they

Essay: Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs
Should Welfare Recipients be Tested for Drugs? Welfare was created in 1935 by Franklin D.
Roosevelt. It is the closest technique or practice of our country to socialism. It helped families
during the Great Depression, but has been abused thoroughly within our country. Many citizens
would like to do away with the system, but many resist this because it is their only income. Lots of
skeptical citizens see it as the root of much of our country's debt, but there is no easy way for it to be
eliminated. Many steps have been taken to reduce the abusement and eventually do away with the
system. This includes drug testing for welfare recipients. There are multiple issues with this idea and
lots of people would like keep the system. Taxpayers that dislike what the government has come to,
fear that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are weaker in all aspects, and are continuing down that path. The beginning of the path was from
socialists growing popularity in our country. Welfare is one of the roots of this growing issue. Our
country is digging themselves a grave by creating laws that go against what our country was
founded on. Although many argue that the constitution gives citizens privacy to avoid drug tests, it
never mentioned welfare. The founding fathers produced a strong country in the beginning, and
would be appalled with our country today. The country they made was strong and free, and that must
be restored. The first step in this action would be to get rid of the unneeded and abused system of
welfare. Since our country would go into another depression we can't do this at once. We must take
it piece by piece and begin by cutting down the abuse of the system. This could be the first step in
getting our country back. Welfare recipients should be drug tested because American taxes should be
used legally, the tests will give an incentive to get off drugs, welfare should be used for those in
need not those who need drugs, and helps reduce the national

Essay on AllenAprilME1415 Wk3 Assign Worksheet V
Before you begin, save this document to your computer. You will need to submit your answers in the
area indicated below. As a member of a medical professional team, you will work closely with many
physicians. As you have read this week, guarding the physician–patient relationship is serious
business. In this assignment you will practice what you have learned in chapters 5 and 7 in the
Medical Law and Ethics textbook: Federal privacy laws that pertain to healthcare and the "Patient's
Bill of Rights" Privacy, confidentiality, and privileged communications Filing birth and death
certificates Examples of communicable diseases which must be reported to local, state and/or
federal authorities The Controlled Substance Act Tips for answering ... Show more content on
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There will be no official cause of death released by this office at this time while awaiting the final
findings of the Coroners office. We would like to extend our heartfelt condolences to the family of
Mr. Williams and ask that the public and press give them some time and space to deal with the huge
lost of Mr. Williams. Media inquiries should be directed to the medical offices of Dr. Williams at
333–090–9876 (See next page for part 2) Question 2: How soon after death does a death certificate
have to be signed? 10 points Directions to complete Question 2: Respond to the question using your
own words Answer: It varies from state to state but usually in within 24–72 hours of the death and
depending on the circumstances surrounding the death. Type your answer here (See next page for
part 3) Question 3: Match the following terms and definitions: 20 points Directions to complete
Question 3: Click on "Choose an item" and click on the down arrow to access the letter selections.
You can use each letter only once. 1. Data– B 2. Coroner– E 3. Schedule II drug– H 4. Postmortem–
A 5. Schedule I drug– G 6. Addiction– C 7. Inquest– J 8. DPT– D 9. STDs– I 10. Public duty– F A.
After death B. Statistics C. Physical dependence D. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus toxoid vaccine E.
Public health official who investigates cause of death F. Report child

Illegal Drugs: Should they be? Essay
There are very few people who can honestly claim that current drug policies have been a success.
Aside from being ineffective the costly current drug policy of prohibition has created a set of
unwanted consequences including; a high prison population of non–violent offenders, corruption,
violence, and whole set of health issues. Albert Einstein is quoted as saying, "Insanity: doing the
same thing over and over and expecting different results." and despite the failures of the current
policy in deterring drug use that is just what the government is choosing to do. Perhaps it's time to
consider a different approach to the drug issue. An approach which will address drug use in an
innovative way while solving the problems which prohibition has ... Show more content on
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Furthermore according to the White House Drug Policy website the percentage of those ages 12 and
over who admit to having used illegal drugs withing the last year is 12.6%. With numbers like these
it's clear that the current drug policy is not only costly but ineffective at preventing drug use that
combined with the nation's tough drug laws has helped make the US the the world's leading jailer.
By the end of 2008 2,304,15 people inmates were incarcerated according to a December 2009 report
by the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, with drug offenders accounting for 25% of the US prison
population according to the . And with the cost to house an inmate at $35,000 a year, according to an
New York Times article by Jennifer Steinhauer that is a lot of money that could be better spent
somewhere else.
In countries with more liberal drug policy such as the Netherlands where cannabis has been
decriminalized and where drug use is seen not as a criminal issue but as a health issue, drug use is
actually much lower than the US. According to the United Nations only 5.2% of those 12 and over
in the Netherlands have used drugs in the past year. This thanks to the Netherlands approach to drug
education , which sees drug experimentation as part of normal growing up and thus aims at
providing the youth with "the most accurate information possible so they will know what they're
getting into." according to Susan T Marting. Giving them honest

Persuasive Essay On The War On Drugs
The War on Drugs is a deep rooted controversial campaign of prohibition and military aid that has
been debated for years. We wonder if the war will ever come to an end, and if there's a liable
solution. The "war" will never end, and the only way to maintain balance in our society is by not
letting any laws on drugs change. We can make a positive change within America as the first step.
Legalization of drugs, increased taxes for military support, and more criminals on the streets are all
examples of why "The War on Drugs" is affecting us. Over a period of time now, The United States
has been enabling the war, by allowing legalization of Marijuana to take place in certain states.
Winning the war, seems like an impossible task. But losing completely would diminish security and
stability in our world. Applying more action and recognition will increase our awareness to stay
away from this loss, and would better our economy as a whole. To better end "The War on Drugs" as
a whole, we need to focus on winning the battle here in the United States before other countries.
The war on drugs being fought here in the United States, is the overall dependency for drugs. It is
highly demanded for distribution, personal use, and strings in other violent crimes. We can put an
end to this dependency by applying some basic principles and steps. A step in the right direction is
prevention, to abolish all laws that enable the use of drugs, such as illegalization of Marijuana. The
focus here is to

Global Spending On Drug Law Enforcement Currently Exceeds
Global spending on drug law enforcement currently exceeds one hundred billion dollars per annum.
This is said to be way over the amount spent on foreign aid, global welfare, and climate change
(CounttheCosts.org, 2016). This is also backed up by further expenditure of about 70–80 per cent of
tens of billions of cash injections from the United Nations to be spent on global drug control,
through policing and military intervention, this cash is injected with the aim of eradicating drug
production facilities and farms, and the prosecution and punishment of drug traffickers and farmers
(Gossop, 2013). This is all spent with one intention, the intention to create a safer drug–free world
(Horsfield, 2016). Taking into consideration the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After that it costs a further £40,000 for each year they spend incarcerated (Ministry of Justice,
2015). It can thus be suggested that as it stands current global spending far exceeds its worth, or at
least for the state and those in government. As comparatively, it could be argued it works very well
in serving a criminal industry. An illegal industry, that is eager to supply a growing global demand
for drugs, with an estimated annual turnover of $320 billion (Countthecost.org, 2016).Therefore,
despite all of these resources spent by the state, there has been little improvement towards the harms
of illegal substance misuse and the global drug trade is now arguably, entirely controlled by criminal
organisations, street gangs and even terrorists (Bean, 2010). It leaves you wondering, firstly, are we,
as a society, going the right way in dealing with the problems of substance misuse and secondly,
how has spending on the issue increased to such unsustainable amounts, often with little positive
results. 3.2 The Declaration of "War" The answer to the latter question, it could be argued, is largely
down to the fifty year global stance and the concept of the "War on drugs". A cohesive stance
against certain substances is not something which is new. Implemented measures can be deemed to
go way back, even as far as the time of the ancient Egyptians, whereby, records dating back

Essay On Drug Control In Texas
Texas has very concrete guidelines regarding how controlled medications can be handled within
Texas. Controlled or Scheduled medications as defined by the Drug Enforcement Administration are
drugs, substances, or chemical compounds with potential for abuse. These scheduled drugs are
divided into categories of one through five, one having the most potential to be abused and five
having the least. Schedule I drugs are considered illicit and have no accepted uses; these include
heroin, LSD, marijuana and other illegal drugs. Schedule II drugs still have high abuse potential but
are still utilized medically under stricter guidelines these include Adderall, Oxycodone and Cocaine.
Schedule III–V are considered to have the least abuse potential ... Show more content on
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According to the Texas State Board of Pharmacy all Schedule II prescriptions must be indited on
Texas triplicate paper. Schedule II medications are the highest regulated medications available to be
dispensed at a pharmacy so having extra protections in place such as these triplicates is
advantageous to monitor Schedule II medications use. The differences that set triplicate paper apart
from standard prescription pads help protect the pharmacy from counterfeits and would be
comparable to regulations the United States government used to stop counterfeit bills; the control
numbers on triplicates make it simple to keep record of them and prevent fraudulent duplicates, the
watermarks allow the pharmacy to test if a prescription is fake themselves and the changing colors
make it difficult for counterfeiters to keep up. While simple in nature these limitations Texas has put
in place help protect pharmacies from filling and distributing faux perceptions for schedule II
medications by making such scripts more difficult to reproduce and counterfeit. While Texas
triplicate paper laws only affect schedule II medications other limitations are placed over all the
scheduled medications such as refill restrictions.
In Texas medical doctors are allowed to authorize refills on controlled medications under certain
limitations of the law. In compliance with the Texas State

Decriminalization Of Marijuana
The decriminalization of marijuana has been increasing in popularity on voting ballots in recent
years, and for good reason. Marijuana has been used to treat an array of symptoms associated with a
variety of diseases and has many beneficial properties for prescription use. The criminalization of
marijuana in the United States has a profoundly negative impact socially, environmentally, and
economically. Attempts to rectify these issues through regulatory laws and ballot measures have
created confusion among voters, law enforcement, and government branches on both a state and
federal level. This paper will discuss specifically Colorado's Amendment 64 (2012), Arizona's
Proposition 205 (2016) and California's Proposition 64 (2016), three of the most recent
decriminalization policies. Included in the discussion will be an examination of their individual
strengths and weaknesses in addition to their implementation success and the observed effects (if
any) of these policies. Lastly, I will explain my personal stance on the success of government
involvement attempts and the overall impact of the criminalization of marijuana.
For centuries marijuana has been cultivated for multiple purposes, most notably for medicinal uses
to treat a variety of conditions and alleviate symptoms of diseases and side effects of modern
treatments. Since the legal prohibition of marijuana beginning in 1937, marijuana has increased in
usage and popularity among Americans. In 1970 The Controlled

Prohibition Of Drugs And Alcohol
Popular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the
appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition
creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in–house disputes.
This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and
behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators
of violence, e.g. homicide rates, and government enforcement expenditures. The results show that an
increase in enforcement of drug and alcohol prohibition laws have been positively associated with
increases in the homicide rate. Furthermore, supplementary evidence suggests this strong positive
correlation prohibition enforcement on violence and the overall crime rate.
I. Introduction
Is Prohibition actually successful in reducing recreational drug consumption and drug–related
violence? This is the question that will be analyzed in this paper. Drug enforcement officials
frequently cite drug–related violence as a reason that drugs must be eliminated from our society. A
contrary belief is that the system of drug prohibition actually causes most of the violence. Just like
with alcohol prohibition in the 1920s and the rise of organized crime, drug prohibition inspires a
dangerous underground market that manifests itself with violent crime throughout the U.S. and, in
fact, the

Drug Abuse And Gender Research
There are many reasons why individuals today use drugs, but can gender and race help narrow it
down? The main reasoning behind this research is to see where the main issues arise between Drug
Abuse and Gender/Race. Whether these drugs be illegal or prescription, a majority of the use is
illegal. The use of illicit drugs that is detrimental to the body could cause harm to an individual.
Personally, there has been family issues of drug abuse and is another reason as to why this topic is
interesting. The news the past few months has shown many different overdoses from multiple
different drugs, although heroin seems to be more common. In reflection of trying to find a reason as
to why the amount of drugs are on the streets and who is reportedly ... Show more content on
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In accordance to Balhara (n.d), Schedule I drugs would be ecstasy, heroin, and LSD, Schedule II
cocaine, fentanyl, and hydrocodone, Schedule III steroids and ketamine, Schedule IV
benzodiazepines, modafinil, and tramadol, and Schedule V diphenoxylate, lacosamide, and
pregabalin. While these classifications may be reasonably similar to the controlled substances, they
are classified by their ability for one to become addicted or begin to abuse. This classification may
be one of the smartest moves the DEA has made. This allows doctors to be able to look at the
classifications and see if a drug they are looking to prescribe will result into harm. In instances
before, the author of this paper has seen loved ones prescribed medications that the doctor
knowingly knew would later have that individual addicted. As they make a profit off the
prescription, the Dr. was unaware that his prescribing of fentanyl (enough to kill a horse) would
result in his physician's license being under

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