In recent years, hacktivists have received greater attention from the media, the public and from government bodies. The distribution of classified information by hacktivists has garnered much media attention. In particular, the 2010 release of over 200,000 United States embassy cables by the whistleblower organization Wikileaks (the largest set of confidential documents ever released into the public domain) was widely publicized and severely condemned by the United States government (Al Jazeera, 2010). As their actions become both bolder and more widely acknowledged, hacktivists are being increasingly seen as a threat to national security in security-focused states such as the United States. This raises the question of how actors in the government of the United States are currently taking action to securitize hacktivism.
Looking Ahead Why 2019 Will Be The year of CyberwarfareSecuricon
One year away from the third decade of the 21st century and technology has finally caught up with science fiction. In 2019, we’re going to hear more news about driverless cars, revolutions in artificial intelligence and commercial applications for drones. One thing is for sure: it’s an exciting time to be alive.
Causes of the Growing Conflict Between Privacy and SecurityDon Edwards
The struggle of maintaining an acceptable level of individual privacy is inherent in any society which values group protection from both internal and external threats. This paper illustrates the competing priorities that are the source of the conflict between privacy and security.
With 1.2 billion monthly active users on Facebook alone, it’s not surprising that social media networks can be a rich source of information for investigators. And because Americans spend more time on social media than any other major Internet activity, including email, social media information and evidence is plentiful. You just need to know how to get it.
Finding, preserving and collecting social media evidence often requires some forensic skills, as well as an understanding of the laws that govern its collection and use. It’s important for investigators to be aware of both the possibilities and limitations of social media forensics.
Looking Ahead Why 2019 Will Be The year of CyberwarfareSecuricon
One year away from the third decade of the 21st century and technology has finally caught up with science fiction. In 2019, we’re going to hear more news about driverless cars, revolutions in artificial intelligence and commercial applications for drones. One thing is for sure: it’s an exciting time to be alive.
Causes of the Growing Conflict Between Privacy and SecurityDon Edwards
The struggle of maintaining an acceptable level of individual privacy is inherent in any society which values group protection from both internal and external threats. This paper illustrates the competing priorities that are the source of the conflict between privacy and security.
With 1.2 billion monthly active users on Facebook alone, it’s not surprising that social media networks can be a rich source of information for investigators. And because Americans spend more time on social media than any other major Internet activity, including email, social media information and evidence is plentiful. You just need to know how to get it.
Finding, preserving and collecting social media evidence often requires some forensic skills, as well as an understanding of the laws that govern its collection and use. It’s important for investigators to be aware of both the possibilities and limitations of social media forensics.
Cybersecurity: Increased Transparency and the Role of Civil SocietySarah Granger
We see a lot of hype about security in today's networks. This presentation outlines where cybersecurity is going, the global paradigm, the role of government and civil society in building transparency as security evolves.
Digital Sovereigns or Consent of the NetworkedMsifry
In this class, we looked at the reality of Chinese and Russian internet usage, where authoritarian governments have so far succeeded in boxing in the disruptive effects of networked mass communication.
In this class we studied the "Internet Freedom" speeches of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and then looked at critiques and counter-arguments made by Evgeny Morozov, Sami Ben Gharbia and Cory Doctorow.
E. Bryan - E-Governance and Personal PrivacyEmerson Bryan
Critically discussion on the view that the government needs to track and store a citizen’s personal information in order to provide ‘a safe and secure society’ versus a citizen’s right to protect his/ her personal information
Cyberterrorism can be in the form of Information attacks which a.docxwhittemorelucilla
Cyberterrorism can be in the form of Information attacks which are attempts to access, destroy, or alter information retained, processed, and distributed by computers and their networks and infrastructure attacks which are attempts to damage or disable critical services such as transportation, the distribution of electricity, gas and water, air traffic control and other critical government services (excelsiour, 2020). Hacktivism would be to use a computer to progress an agenda either a social or politically motive stance on a subject matter. The fundamental difference between cyberterrorism and hacktivism is that one wants to destroy (cyberterrorism) while the other (hacktivism)wants to persuade people to their cause or create a change.
Technology has advanced these types of groups agenda farter and faster than ever before. There has always been dissenting views to what governments agendas or from what is the acceptable social norms for behavior. But now with the Internet (Technology) groups (mostly radical) can reach out to a greater audience perpetrate nefarious deeds with some form amenity. Groups can post fake news, statistics or false information to sway an audience to believe as they do. We only need to take our national security agencies word (or can we?) that state sponsored hackers infiltrated our last presidential election to sway our votes.
In my opinion our governments have perpetuated the lack of freedoms that we the people are supposed to enjoy and, in many cases, still think we have but don’t. Governments have used for themselves and suppled countries that are under totalitarian rule the software to hack SSL inscription. SSL inscription is what is supposed to protect people privacy of communication over the internet. Communication such as Gmail or your private online discussions. State sponsored Trojan’s are used by the governments now to monitor normal peoples and suspects communications to investigate its own citizens -internet connections – watch and listen to online discussions they can even collect your passwords. People have always assumed that they have some basic privacy from the government. People should now assume that what they do on a computer is going to be known by whomever wishes to view or listen.
When cybercrime expert Mikko Hypponen talked to an audience at TEDxBrussels, an independent event about how company based in Germany sold to the Egyptian government a set of tools for intercepting, at a very large scale, all the communication of the citizens of the country. This really started me to think about when this video was made -2011 a decade ago this was occurring. How far have we gone to invading privacy since then is the question?
I don’t believe that Hacktivism is a subset of cyberterrorism. I do believe they need to walk a fine line. I can understand their existence with all the government intrusion over the last 20 years (see TED video). How else are ordinary p.
Cybersecurity: Increased Transparency and the Role of Civil SocietySarah Granger
We see a lot of hype about security in today's networks. This presentation outlines where cybersecurity is going, the global paradigm, the role of government and civil society in building transparency as security evolves.
Digital Sovereigns or Consent of the NetworkedMsifry
In this class, we looked at the reality of Chinese and Russian internet usage, where authoritarian governments have so far succeeded in boxing in the disruptive effects of networked mass communication.
In this class we studied the "Internet Freedom" speeches of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and then looked at critiques and counter-arguments made by Evgeny Morozov, Sami Ben Gharbia and Cory Doctorow.
E. Bryan - E-Governance and Personal PrivacyEmerson Bryan
Critically discussion on the view that the government needs to track and store a citizen’s personal information in order to provide ‘a safe and secure society’ versus a citizen’s right to protect his/ her personal information
Cyberterrorism can be in the form of Information attacks which a.docxwhittemorelucilla
Cyberterrorism can be in the form of Information attacks which are attempts to access, destroy, or alter information retained, processed, and distributed by computers and their networks and infrastructure attacks which are attempts to damage or disable critical services such as transportation, the distribution of electricity, gas and water, air traffic control and other critical government services (excelsiour, 2020). Hacktivism would be to use a computer to progress an agenda either a social or politically motive stance on a subject matter. The fundamental difference between cyberterrorism and hacktivism is that one wants to destroy (cyberterrorism) while the other (hacktivism)wants to persuade people to their cause or create a change.
Technology has advanced these types of groups agenda farter and faster than ever before. There has always been dissenting views to what governments agendas or from what is the acceptable social norms for behavior. But now with the Internet (Technology) groups (mostly radical) can reach out to a greater audience perpetrate nefarious deeds with some form amenity. Groups can post fake news, statistics or false information to sway an audience to believe as they do. We only need to take our national security agencies word (or can we?) that state sponsored hackers infiltrated our last presidential election to sway our votes.
In my opinion our governments have perpetuated the lack of freedoms that we the people are supposed to enjoy and, in many cases, still think we have but don’t. Governments have used for themselves and suppled countries that are under totalitarian rule the software to hack SSL inscription. SSL inscription is what is supposed to protect people privacy of communication over the internet. Communication such as Gmail or your private online discussions. State sponsored Trojan’s are used by the governments now to monitor normal peoples and suspects communications to investigate its own citizens -internet connections – watch and listen to online discussions they can even collect your passwords. People have always assumed that they have some basic privacy from the government. People should now assume that what they do on a computer is going to be known by whomever wishes to view or listen.
When cybercrime expert Mikko Hypponen talked to an audience at TEDxBrussels, an independent event about how company based in Germany sold to the Egyptian government a set of tools for intercepting, at a very large scale, all the communication of the citizens of the country. This really started me to think about when this video was made -2011 a decade ago this was occurring. How far have we gone to invading privacy since then is the question?
I don’t believe that Hacktivism is a subset of cyberterrorism. I do believe they need to walk a fine line. I can understand their existence with all the government intrusion over the last 20 years (see TED video). How else are ordinary p.
Running headEMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES .docxrtodd599
Running head: EMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emerging threats and countermeasures in the U.S. critical infrastructure
Table of content
Background information 3
Research questions 3
Methodological approach 3
Data analysis and findings 3
Challenges in confronting threats 6
Conclusion and discussion 8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………9
Background information
In recent times, the province of security architecture has profoundly transposed by the escalation of threats targeting critical national infrastructure. The rise in such threats is directly related to the rapid integration of the infrastructures with emergent information technologies (IT). That said, it is easy to conclude that the destructive threats to the infrastructures are from cybercrime. Cybercrime manifests in several dimensions from worms, viruses to malware. It would be easy if such threats confronted quickly. However, the state of affairs is that it is not an easy endeavor at all, and hence protecting national infrastructure is even more challenging than it has ever been.Research questions
This essay answers the questions of the literature related to the emergent threats in the protection of critical national infrastructure. More also, it answers the question of the challenges involved in securing the infrastructures.Methodological approach
The study of data collection is conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is the scientific study of observations that seeks to describe, explore, explain, and diagnose phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.Data analysis and findings
It has not been easy protecting national infrastructure in the last two decades thanks to an increase in cybercrime. Public information systems are lucrative targets for hackers and other ill-motivated criminals. The state affairs have led to a conclusion that in a time in the current generation, the world is increasingly veering toward cyber warfare. The cost of cybersecurity threats is estimated to be over billions of dollars and still learning. Even with new measures, it appears the rate at which cybercriminals are expanding their technological dominion in the deep web is exceedingly strange.
Cybersecurity attacks take different dimensions. Perhaps one of the most devastating has been related to user inefficiency when handling systems. Most cybercriminal activities have shown an impeccable ability to surpass both the human and system shields that protect systems. In the dawn of the early 2000s, for example, the world was in a panic following an attack unleashed by two Philippine students. The attack, known as love bug exposed the value system behind the human-based security system. It is one of the weakness and which is solely flexible to easy manipulation. Following the love bug attack, the national intelligence system had to be switched off for several hours. The cutting-edge world has seen a multiplication in th.
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events
within the last decade.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards
our own freedoms?
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give
some examples to support your stance.
Solution
According to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, cyberterrorism is any \"premeditated,
politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data
which results in violence against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine
agents.\"Unlike a nuisance virus or computer attack that results in a denial of service, a
cyberterrorist attack is designed to cause physical violence or extreme financial harm. According
to the U.S. Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection, possible cyberterrorist targets
include the banking industry, military installations, power plants, air traffic control centers, and
water systems.
Cyberterrorism is sometimes referred to as electronic terrorism or information war.
Hacktivism is “the use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends, chiefly
free speech, human rights, and information ethics”. As with any technology, “hacking” and
therefore hacktivism can be a force for good or evil.
Hacking versus Cyberterrorism
‘Hacking’ is the term used to describe unauthorised access to or use of a
computer system. The term ‘hacktivism’ is composed of the words ‘hacking’ and
‘activism’ and is the handle used to describe politically motivated hacking. ‘Cracking’
refers to hacking with a criminal intent; the term is composed of the words ‘criminal’
and ‘hacking.’ In a majority of both media reports and academic analyses of
cyberterrorism, one or other of these terms – hacking, hacktivism, cracking - or the
activities associated with them are equated with or identified as variants of
cyberterrorism.
Hackers have many different motives. Many hackers work on gaining entry to
systems for the challenge it poses. Others are seeking to educate themselves about
systems. Some state that they search for security holes to notify system administrators
while others perform intrusions to gain recognition from their peers. Hacktivists are
politically motivated; they use their knowledge of computer systems to engage in
disruptive activities on the Internet in the hopes of drawing attention to some political
cause. These disruptions take many different forms, from ‘denial of service’ (DoS)
attacks that tie up Web sites and other servers, to posting ‘electronic graffiti’ on the
home pages of government and corporate Web sites, to the theft and publication of
private information on the Internet. Crackers hack with the intent of stealing, altering
data, or engaging in other malicious damage.41 A sig.
As computer and internet technologies have advanced and become m.docxssusera34210
As computer and internet technologies have advanced and become more easily accessible across the world, we are seeing an explosion of social activists, government agencies and terrorists using these technologies to further their efforts. Government and non-government entities use the internet to spread propaganda and information, recruit support and demonize opponents. The efforts of some radical groups, like ISIS, to shut down US infrastructure and thwart military activity can clearly be labeled as cyberterrorism. However, some groups, such as the loosely associated international network of self-proclaimed “hacktivists” identified as Anonymous, are blurring the lines between what constitutes terrorism and what is simply social activism. As technology continues to advance and further our capabilities, we are continuously presented with new and intriguing moral questions.
After reading the module notes and all of the supplemental materials, respond to the following:
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events within the last decade.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards our own freedoms?
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give some examples to support your stance.
Support your position using appropriate sources that are properly cited.
.
Briefly define cyber-terrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events within the last decade.
Cyber-terrorism is defined as a computer based attack aimed at disabling vital computer systems so as to intimidate, coerce, or harm a government or section of the population. (Cyber-terrorism, n.d). Examples of this include introducing a virus to vulnerable networks, website defacing, hacking into computer systems or terroristic threats made with electronic communication. Hacktivism is defined as the practice of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system and carrying out various disruptive actions as a means of achieving political or social goals. (Hacktivism, n.d). Examples of this include data breaches conducted by organizations such as WikiLeaks and the internet group Anonymous.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
Although both actions involve computers and are usually politically driven, the difference between the two is cyber-terrorism is used primarily to cause harm.
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
Technology has helped these groups to gain access to systems or networks which they probably would not be able to access through legitimate means. It has also allowed for the spread of propaganda, the organization of individuals in far places by providing a common meeting point in chat rooms or discussion boards located on the Internet, and the gathering of information and intelligence in preparation for illegal activities. (Stark, 2011)
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards our own freedoms?
Personally, it is hard for me to say. On one hand, I can understand the need for the government to clamp down on the activities of hacktivists and especially those of cyber-terrorists. In some cases, the government has made itself susceptible to these attacks by not taking all the necessary appropriate measures to secure their systems. However, that is also not to excuse their ability to cover up their own forms of cyber-terrorism that has caused harm against its own citizens.
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyber-terrorism? Give some examples to support your stance
. By definition, Hacktivism is a subset of cyber-terrorism because they both involve the utilization of computers in order to gain unauthorized access to a computer system/network and/or to disrupt said system or network for social, political, or ideological purposes. Whether it is WikiLeaks gaining secret documents exposing a countries government of invading the privacy of their citizens for the argument of security or the case of Aaron Swartz, the creator of SecureDrop. (10 Most…, n.d.). Each instance involved an entity gaining unauthorized access to a computer system or network through illegal means.
Cyberterrorism. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.dictionary.com/b.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
3. Key Question
How are government actors in the United States taking
action to securitize hacktivism?
Hacktivism: the act of hacking, or breaking into a
computer system, for a politically or socially motivated
purpose. The individual who performs an act of
hacktivism is said to be a hacktivist (TechTarget, 2001).
4. Hypothesis
Hacktivism, and particularly the online activism group
Anonymous, is being securitized by government actors in
the United States through dialogue and legal mechanisms
that frame hacktivists as terrorists.
5. Background
How has hacktivism evolved, and in which ways do
hacktivists interact with government actors?
Method: a literature review of academic, government
and news documents on the subject of online activism,
with a focus on the United States.
6. Anonymous
a loosely-affiliated group of computer programmers
organizes itself to coordinate online protests
methods include DDOS attacking websites, hacking
into organizations' servers and leaking documents.
Anonymous hasn't once used its capabilities to physically
harm another human being or the general public.
7. Civil Disobedience
Electronic civil disobedience is borrowing the non-violent direct
action tactics from earlier social movements (Wray, 1998).
Diverting traffic away from a website is akin to setting up a
roadblock of picking a building
Organizing a denial of service attack is akin to a sit-in
(Auty, 2004)
Acts of cyber disobedience are de facto illegal, but hacktivist acts
are only those that serve as social or political forms of protest
(Huschle, 2002).
8. Speech Act
What language have government actors in the United
States used to frame hacktivism as a threat to national
security?
Method: Document analysis of government documents,
academic and news articles
Theory: Framing theory
9. Speech Act
Terrorism remains the FBI’s top priority. But in the not too
distant future, we anticipate that the cyber threat will pose the
number one threat to our country. We need to take lessons
learned from fighting terrorism and apply them to cyber crime.
We must continue to push forward, because our adversaries are
relentless. They want our money, our property, and our secrets,
and some seek to harm us well beyond that. Together, we can
turn the tide against them and bolster the security of our
nation’s information, networks, and infrastructure.
10. Speech Act
Today, our adversaries sit on fiber optic cables and wi-fi
networks, unknown and undetected…They seek our technology,
our intelligence and our intellectual property, even our military
weapons and strategies. In short, they have everything to gain,
and we have a great deal to lose.
The end result will be the same: we will lose our data. We may
lose access to our own information. And we may well lose our
security.
11. The Audience
How are citizens and the private sector responding to the
message that hacktivists pose an imminent threat?
Method: Document analysis News articles, public
sector reports and online blogs
Theory: Constructivist theory
12. Emergency Measures
What emergency measures are government actors
promoting in order to strengthen their nation’s security
against hacktivism?
Method: Document analysis of government, academic,
and news documents and blogs.
Theory: Constructivist theory
13. Conclusion
Government actors in the United States are in the process
of securitizing hacktivism, and in particular the online
activism group Anonymous. They are already framing
hacktivism as a form of terrorism, and highlighting the
future potential threats to national security.
Editor's Notes
What documents?What will I be looking for?What words or phrases?Who are the key players?
For example, diverting trafficaway from a Web site is akin to setting up aroadblock or picketing a building, and organising adenial of service attack is equivalent to a sit-in.Huschle believes that all acts of cyber disobedienceare de facto illegal, but that hacktivist acts are onlythose that serve as social or political forms ofprotest – discounting malicious acts.
What documents?What will I be looking for?What words or phrases?Who are the key players?This will be explored through document analysis of FBI speeches, Department of Homeland Security briefings, legal mechanisms and relevant academic and news documents. These sources will allow for analysis, through a framing theory lens, of the words and phrases used by government actors, and the interpretations of their choice of language by academics and journalists.
Terrorism remains the FBI’s top priority. But in the not too distant future, we anticipate that the cyber threat will pose the number one threat to our country. We need to take lessons learned from fighting terrorism and apply them to cyber crime.We must continue to push forward, because our adversaries are relentless. They want our money, our property, and our secrets, and some seek to harm us well beyond that. Together, we can turn the tide against them and bolster the security of our nation’s information, networks, and infrastructure. Amongst all of the crimes our country faces, the FBI considers high-tech crimes to be the most significant. As a result, the FBI’s top three priorities are the previously mentioned counterterrorism and counterintelligence, followed immediately by cyber. Espionage once pitted spy versus spy, country against country. Today, our adversaries sit on fiber optic cables and wi-fi networks, unknown and undetected. They may be nation-state actors or mercenaries for hire, rogue hackers or transnational criminal syndicates. These hackers actively target our government networks. They seek our technology, our intelligence and our intellectual property, even our military weapons and strategies. In short, they have everything to gain, and we have a great deal to lose.The end result will be the same: we will lose our data. We may lose access to our own information. And we may well lose our security.
Terrorism remains the FBI’s top priority. But in the not too distant future, we anticipate that the cyber threat will pose the number one threat to our country. We need to take lessons learned from fighting terrorism and apply them to cyber crime.We must continue to push forward, because our adversaries are relentless. They want our money, our property, and our secrets, and some seek to harm us well beyond that. Together, we can turn the tide against them and bolster the security of our nation’s information, networks, and infrastructure. Amongst all of the crimes our country faces, the FBI considers high-tech crimes to be the most significant. As a result, the FBI’s top three priorities are the previously mentioned counterterrorism and counterintelligence, followed immediately by cyber. Espionage once pitted spy versus spy, country against country. Today, our adversaries sit on fiber optic cables and wi-fi networks, unknown and undetected. They may be nation-state actors or mercenaries for hire, rogue hackers or transnational criminal syndicates. These hackers actively target our government networks. They seek our technology, our intelligence and our intellectual property, even our military weapons and strategies. In short, they have everything to gain, and we have a great deal to lose.The end result will be the same: we will lose our data. We may lose access to our own information. And we may well lose our security.
This will be explored, through a constructivist lends, by document analysis of the previously listed sources, as well as reports issued by private sector players and opinions of citizens published on blogs. These sources will allow for analysis of the messages being directed at private sector players and citizens, and the reaction of the audience to the concept of hacktivists posing an imminent threat.
This will be explored through document analysis of all previously listed sources. There sources will allow for analysis of the actions government actors have already taken, and are promoting should be taken, in order to diminish the threat of hacktivism to national security.
While there are certainly voices of opposition to the comparison of hacktivists to terrorists, the discourse is dominated by those who perceive a security threat. The successful securitization of hacktivism is likely to lead to stricter penalties for hacktivists, increased government security online, and an increase in the level of monitoring and censorship of online communications and activities by the United States government