Cybercrime involves illegal actions aimed at computers or conducted using computers. This document discusses different types of cybercriminals including hackers, organized hacking groups, and government-sponsored abusers. It also outlines typologies of cybercriminality such as social engineering techniques that target human flaws to gain access to computer systems. The document concludes by summarizing a study estimating that cybercrime costs the global economy nearly $500 billion annually through losses and job cuts.

2. Cybercrime is commonly defined as any illegal action aimed at the integrity of a specific
computer site, or conducted using a computer tool. This definition is based on the use of the
computer medium. Indeed, either the latter is used by the criminal as a tool of a crime or
conventional crime (scam, threat ... etc), or the computer is the target-even targeted by the
criminal (theft, fraudulent use or destruction of data ... etc).
I- Background and justifications

3. I- Background and justifications
Hackers: this group of criminals gets into computers and networks. Their motives
are varied. Depending on the type of intrusion, hackers are classified into one of
three categories: hackers in white, gray or black hats.

4. II- CYBERCRIMINALS: WHO ARE THEY
Organized Hackers: These criminals include organizations of cybercriminals, hacktivists, terrorists
and hackers funded by governments. Hacktivists make political statements to raise awareness about
issues that matter to them. Hacktivists make public compromising information about their victims.
Government-sponsored abusers collect information or commit sabotage on behalf of their
governments.

5. III- TYPOLOGY OF CYBERCRIMINALITY
Piracy techniques are evolving and hardware is no longer the only flaw. New types of attacks are
emerging based on human and social flaws. For example, hackers identify the link between companies
and their partners. Emails are sent from social networks like LinkedIn or Viadeo on behalf of the
partner. The email will be opened without any real mistrust on the part of the employee. This technique
called "social engineering", then allows the hacker to access the user's workstation in the first place
and then evolve in the information system of the company.

6. Attack of conventional
type
 background extortions;
 credit card fraud;
 breach of trust and miscellaneous scams;
 misappropriation of minors; identity theft

7. The impact of cybercrime
Cybercrime is very expensive for the global economy! Indeed,
McAfee sponsored a study by CSIS (Center for Strategic and
International Studies) that highlights the economic impact of
cybercrime in our societies. Its cost is estimated at nearly 500 billion
dollars

8. The impact of cybercrime
Until now, the economic impact of cybercrime has remained difficult to quantify. In
collaboration with CSIS, McAfee has put in place an effective methodology to
accurately estimate the financial losses of this phenomenon in the United States
and internationally. To develop this report, CSIS engaged economists, intellectual
property experts and security researchers.

9. Estimating the cost of cybercrime and cyber espionage would result
in a $ 100 billion annual loss to the US economy and a 508,000 job
cut. At the global level, this estimate would be close to $ 500
billion.
The impact of cybercrime