The document discusses Persian empires throughout history including the Achaemenid Empire, Parthian Empire, Sasanian Empire, and Samanid Empire. It then provides information about Edward FitzGerald, the English poet best known for his translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, including details about the different editions of his translation. Finally, it notes that according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the poems reveal a man troubled by questions of the nature of reality, impermanence of life, and man's relationship to God.

3. Refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia.
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD), also called the "Arsacid Empire"
Sasanian Empire (224–651),
also called the "Sassanid Empire" or the "Empire of Empires"
Samanid Empire (819-999)
Saffarid Empire (861-1000)

8. Edward FitzGerald (31 March 1809 – 14
June 1883) was an English poet and writer, best
known as the poet of the first and most famous
English translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar
Khayyam.
1st edition – 1859 [75 quatrains]
2nd edition – 1868 [110 quatrains]
3rd edition – 1872 [101 quatrains]
4th edition – 1879 [101 quatrains]
5th edition – 1889 [101 quatrains]

9. Graves-shah
While Dawn, Day's Herald Straddling The Whole Sky,
Offers The Drowsy World A Toast 'To Wine',
The Sun Spills Early Gold On City Roofs–
Day's Regal Host, Replenishing His Jug.
Fitgerald
Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night
Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to flight:
And lo! the Hunter of the East has caught
The Sultan's Turret in a Noose of Light.
Romanized Farsi
Khurshid kamandi sobh bar bam afgand
Kai Khusro i roz badah dar jam afgand
Mai khur ki manadi sahri gi khizan
Awaza i ishrabu dar ayam afgand.

11. According to the Encyclopedia
Britannica the poems “reveal a man of
deep thought, troubled by the questions
of the nature of reality and the eternal,
the impermanence and uncertainty of
life, and man’s relationship to God.