The document discusses the origins of Hinduism in India. It describes how Aryan nomads migrated to India around 1500 BC after the decline of the Harappan civilization. Under Aryan rule, Indian society developed the caste system which divided people into social classes based on their occupations. Over time, the Aryan's religious beliefs evolved into the religion of Hinduism, which believes in reincarnation, worshipping many gods as aspects of one supreme god, and following different spiritual paths.
A basic overview of Hinduism according to the South Carolina social studies standards for 6th grade. The academic resource guide was used for this information. All images were found using google image search
A basic overview of Hinduism according to the South Carolina social studies standards for 6th grade. The academic resource guide was used for this information. All images were found using google image search
A Presentation on the Book - Hinduism: The Eternal Tradition by David Frawley, explaining the aspects of Hinduism in a lucid manner, appropriate for modern and western audiences.
These four vedas are in turn each divided into three parts: samhita (collections of hymns), brahmana (details of sacrifices) and upanishad (moving from ritual to
A Presentation on the Book - Hinduism: The Eternal Tradition by David Frawley, explaining the aspects of Hinduism in a lucid manner, appropriate for modern and western audiences.
These four vedas are in turn each divided into three parts: samhita (collections of hymns), brahmana (details of sacrifices) and upanishad (moving from ritual to
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 127 05/11/17 04:03 PM
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
6.1 HINDUISM
• Understand how Hinduism arose in India.
• De!ne brahmin, samsara, atman, karma, and Brahman.
• Identify the structure of the Vedas and its main components.
• Summarize the main themes of the Upanishads, and explain the process of
samara and karma and how they relate to atman, Brahman, and moksha.
• Explain what the Bhagavad-Gita is and how it di"ers in content from the
Upanishads.
• Explain the principal di"erences between the Hindu philosophies known as
Vedanta and Samkhya.
• Discuss some of the ways that modernity has a"ected Hinduism.
6.2 BUDDHISM
• Discuss the main ways that the Buddha’s views di"ered from the orthodox
beliefs of the times.
• Explain the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths.
• De!ne anatta, dukkha, ahimsa, and anicca.
• Explain the concept of nirvana and how Buddhism says it can be attained.
6.3 DAOISM
• Explain how the concept of the Dao parallels certain ideas in Western philosophy.
• Discuss the concept of wu-wei and how some Daoists try to integrate it into
their lives.
6.4 CONFUCIANISM
• Know why Confucianism is called a humanistic doctrine, and explain what
Confucius hoped his teachings would do.
• De!ne li and ren, and explain how these concepts !t into Confucianism.
• De!ne !lial piety and what it means in practice to Confucians.
• Understand the Confucian attitude toward family and community, personal
freedom, and individual rights.
Eastern !ought
CHAPTER 6
128 CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 128 05/11/17 04:03 PM
Among the great religions of the East—Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Daoism, and others—we find just what we would expect in religious traditions:
sacred texts, spiritual journeys, mystical symbols, otherworldly stories, inspired dev-
otees, and saintly leaders. But if we look closer, we can see something else: a vibrant
tradition of philosophical inquiry. !e major religions of the West have had their
share of philosophers, and so have the main religious traditions of the East.
!roughout the centuries Asian thinkers working inside (or alongside) their
religion have addressed problems in epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy
of language, and logic—all standard areas of study found in Western philosophy.
!e result is that, laboring independently, they have tried to provide answers to
large questions that also happen to be subjects of intellectual exploration in the
West. Remarkably, many of their answers parallel those given by their Western
counterparts, or they entail philosophically interesting alternatives, or they chal-
lenge theories or perspectives that are widely accepted outside Asia. !e Buddha
taught that the self is merely a collection of attributes (not a persisting substance
or soul); so did the British empiricist David Hume. Hindu thinkers have debated
the worth of arguments for and against the existence of the divine; the ...
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Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
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Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
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Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
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Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
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Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
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Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
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Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
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Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
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The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
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The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
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Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
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The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
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In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
1. Lesson 2
The Origins of Hinduism
MAIN IDEAS
Culture A group of nomadic people moved into India and took over what
was left of Harappan civilization.
Government Under Aryan rule, Indian society developed a distinct system
of social classes that still affects India today.
Belief Systems Over time, the belief of the Aryans developed into the
religion of Hinduism.
Aryans Move Into India
ESSENTIAL QUESTION Who were the Aryans?
The Indo-European Migrations
• Hittites (who fought Egyptians) belonged to Indo-European group
- Indo-Europeans all spoke dialects of Indo-European language
• Most were nomads, lived in family clans, herded livestock
- warriors rode horse-driven chariots, used long bows, bronze axes
• Indo-Europeans fled homeland around 2000 B.C. for unknown reason
- Hittites went to Southwest Asia, many others settled in Europe
The Aryan Invasions
• Aryans—Indo-European herders who went east to India about 1500 B.C.
- lived in simple houses, spoke Indo-European language of Sanskrit
• Historians once thought Aryans drove Harappans from walled cities
- now believe that Harappan cities were in ruins before Aryans came
REVIEW QUESTION
Who were the Aryans, and where did they come from?
Chapter 7: Ancient India
World History: Ancient Civilizations 1
2. Changes to Indian Life
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How was Aryan society organized?
The Caste System
• Aryans spread language, religion to Indiaʼs Dravidian people
• Aryanʼs warrior, priest, commoner classes grew into caste system
- caste—social class whose members are identified by their jobs
- thousands of caste groups organized into four categories
- untouchables—fifth group later formed below others, did unwanted jobs
Aryan Beliefs and Brahmanism
• Early Aryan religion is called Brahmanism today after Aryan priests
- worshiped nature gods, sacrificed animals to gods in sacred fires
• Ceremonies became complex, lasting days or months
- rituals, hymns recorded in Sanskrit texts, called the Vedas
• Brahmanism changed in time to belief in one spirit governing the world
• Epic poem Mahabharata and its Bhagavad Gita section retell legends
REVIEW QUESTION
What is the caste system?
Chapter 7: Ancient India
World History: Ancient Civilizations 2
3. Hinduism: The Religion of India
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the religion of Hinduism develop?
Many Gods
• Bhagavad Gita is most important text of Hinduism
- Hinduism—major Indian religion that grew from early Brahmanism
• Hindus have many gods that are part of one supreme God, life force
• Most important gods include Brahma, the creator
- Vishnu, the protector
- Shiva, the destroyer—destroys world so it can be recreated
Many Lives
• Hindus believe in reincarnation—each person has many lives
• Hindusʼ behavior in life determines what they will be in next life
• Reincarnation is determined by karma doctrine
- good deeds mean a person will be reborn as higher being
- evil deeds mean a person will be reborn as lower being, such as insect
• Hindus believe animals also have life force, so many are vegetarians
• Reincarnation creates cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth
- cycle ends when person realizes his or her soul is one with God
Many Paths to God
• Hindus connect to God by individual paths; path includes job
- Hindus carry out lifeʼs assigned duties as part of caste system
• Spiritual practices include meditation to calm mind, yoga
- the practice of yoga includes exercise, diet, breathing techniques
REVIEW QUESTION
How can Hindus believe in one God and many different gods at the same
time?
Chapter 7: Ancient India
World History: Ancient Civilizations 3
4. Lesson Summary
• After Harappan civilization declined, Aryan people brought their culture to India.
• Aryan society developed a class structure that was based on jobs and is called
the caste system.
• Hindus worship many gods. They believe in reincarnation and karma.
Why It Matters Now . . .
Hinduism ranks third among world religions in the number of followers (after
Christianity and Islam).
Chapter 7: Ancient India
World History: Ancient Civilizations 4
