The document provides information about life in the North and South before the Civil War. In the North, many Irish and German immigrants moved to cities for factory jobs after famines and wars in their home countries. Factories lacked safety regulations, so children and families often worked long hours. In the South, the economy depended on cotton plantations that utilized slavery. The invention of the cotton gin increased demand for slaves to pick cotton. Enslaved people endured harsh conditions and could be sold away from their families. Some risked escaping along the Underground Railroad, but the Fugitive Slave Act required their return if caught in free states.