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A study found neurochemical and histopathological changes in the cerebellum of a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by injecting rotenone into the rats' striatum. Specifically, the study found evidence of hyperexcitability in the cerebellum, as indicated by increased levels of excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate and decreased levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA, glycine, and taurine. This suggests that Parkinson's disease may affect the cerebellum in addition to the basal ganglia, changing the focus of treatment strategies beyond just restoring dopamine levels.
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The document discusses normal EEG patterns in various age groups from neonatal to adulthood. In neonates, the EEG pattern depends on gestational age and includes discontinuity in premature infants. In infancy and early childhood, the posterior dominant rhythm increases in frequency and reactivity emerges. By adolescence, the EEG begins to resemble the adult pattern with less delta activity. The normal adult EEG shows an alpha rhythm over the occipital lobe that attenuates with eye opening. Theta is only present in sleep while delta is never seen in awake adults.
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This document discusses EEG patterns in neonates. It describes the four typical EEG patterns seen in full-term neonates related to wakefulness and sleep cycles. It also summarizes EEG maturation in preterm neonates and discusses abnormal EEG patterns including severe abnormalities that indicate poor prognosis and mild abnormalities. The document outlines different ictal EEG patterns associated with neonatal seizures and technical aspects important for neonatal EEG recording.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts for visual analysis of EEG recordings, including:
1. Frequency, amplitude, distribution, symmetry, synchrony, reactivity, morphology, rhythmicity, and regulation are terms used to describe EEG activity.
2. Common normal brain rhythms include alpha, beta, and theta waves that have characteristic frequencies, distributions, and reactivity patterns.
3. Aging-related temporal slowing involving sporadic theta waves over the temporal regions is a normal variant seen in older adults.
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1. A 27-year-old female presented with sudden loss of language over 2 days. She had a history of left parietal lobe trauma and hematoma requiring craniectomy at age 19. CT showed a new left parietal lobe lesion.
2. The diagnosis is aphasic status epilepticus, likely caused by the new left parietal lobe lesion seen on CT.
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This document discusses epileptic syndromes in neonates and infants. It begins by outlining neonatal epileptic seizures, describing their prevalence, clinical manifestations including subtle, tonic, clonic and myoclonic seizures. Common causes are discussed as hypoxia-ischemia, hemorrhage, and infections. Diagnostic procedures like EEG and imaging are also summarized. The document then examines specific neonatal epileptic syndromes like benign familial neonatal convulsions and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and use of anti-seizure medications like phenobarbital and phenytoin.
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1) Essential tremor is a syndrome of isolated tremor of the upper limbs that has been present for at least 3 years, with or without tremor in other locations like the head or voice.
2) Propranolol and primidone are first-line pharmacological treatments that can reduce tremor severity by 55-60% through effects on the cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamic circuit implicated in essential tremor pathophysiology.
3) When medications are ineffective, neurostimulation techniques like deep brain stimulation targeting the thalamus or focused ultrasound thalamotomy can provide relief of tremors, though effectiveness may diminish over time and risks include ataxia, dys
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The document discusses the hypothalamus and sleep physiology. It describes the hypothalamus as a small brain structure connected to the pituitary gland that integrates somatic, autonomic, and endocrine functions. It contains nuclei that regulate various functions like temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone secretion. Regarding sleep, it states that sleep depth varies in stages and is characterized by decreased consciousness and body movement. Physiological changes during sleep include lowered heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tone.
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1. EEG is essential for evaluating epilepsy and can provide information about background activity, epileptiform discharges, and help diagnose specific epilepsy syndromes.
2. The document discusses various epilepsy syndromes like symptomatic, cryptogenic, and idiopathic epilepsy and how EEG characteristics help differentiate these.
3. Specific syndromes discussed include infantile spasms and West syndrome, characterized by hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, characterized by slow spike and wave activity on EEG.Coma and brain stem death
This document summarizes key aspects of coma and brain stem death. It discusses the neurological structures involved in consciousness and what is required to induce coma. Coma is defined as unarousable unresponsiveness, distinguished from an alert state. Assessing a comatose patient involves obtaining history, performing a general and neurological exam including the Glasgow Coma Scale, and considering appropriate investigations and management. Brain death is defined as the irreversible loss of all brain functions including the brainstem, determined by coma, absence of brainstem reflexes, and apnea on testing.
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Status epilepticus is a medical emergency characterized by prolonged or continuous seizure activity without recovery between seizures. It can be convulsive, involving muscle contractions and loss of consciousness, or nonconvulsive with episodes of staring and unresponsiveness. Immediate treatment is needed to prevent permanent brain or heart damage. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and tests like bloodwork, EEG, or brain imaging. Treatment focuses on stopping seizures and managing complications through medications, injury prevention, and educating patients and their families on self-care and coping strategies.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts for visual analysis of EEG recordings, including:
1. Frequency, amplitude, distribution, symmetry, synchrony, reactivity, morphology, rhythmicity, and regulation are terms used to describe EEG activity.
2. Common normal brain rhythms include alpha, beta, and theta waves that have characteristic frequencies, distributions, and reactivity patterns.
3. Aging-related temporal slowing involving sporadic theta waves over the temporal regions is a normal variant seen in older adults.
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1. A 27-year-old female presented with sudden loss of language over 2 days. She had a history of left parietal lobe trauma and hematoma requiring craniectomy at age 19. CT showed a new left parietal lobe lesion.
2. The diagnosis is aphasic status epilepticus, likely caused by the new left parietal lobe lesion seen on CT.
3. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment to stop seizures and prevent complications. The goals of management are to maintain vital functions, stop seizures, identify and treat the underlying cause, and manage any sequelae.
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Journal presentation on essential tremor
1) Essential tremor is a syndrome of isolated tremor of the upper limbs that has been present for at least 3 years, with or without tremor in other locations like the head or voice.
2) Propranolol and primidone are first-line pharmacological treatments that can reduce tremor severity by 55-60% through effects on the cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamic circuit implicated in essential tremor pathophysiology.
3) When medications are ineffective, neurostimulation techniques like deep brain stimulation targeting the thalamus or focused ultrasound thalamotomy can provide relief of tremors, though effectiveness may diminish over time and risks include ataxia, dys
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This edition features a handful of Innovative Minds: France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders that are leading us into a better future.
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Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
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Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...Pristyn Care Reviews
Precision becomes a byword, most especially in such procedures as hip and knee arthroplasty. The success of these surgeries is not just dependent on the skill and experience of the surgeons but is extremely dependent on preoperative planning. Recognizing this important need, Pristyn Care commits itself to the integration of advanced imaging technologies like CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) into the surgical planning process.Sexual Disorders.gender identity disorderspptx
Gender identity disorder, paraphilias , sexual dysfunction
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
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India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
Browse over XX market data Figures and spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on " India Medical Devices Market.” - https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-medical-devices-market/8161.html
The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-Tech
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
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- 1. normal awake eeg LEARN PRACTICE ATLAS READING THE BACKGROUND When reading any EEG you start with the background, which reflects the overall health of a person's brain and can be affected by many factors including acute illness, medications, degenerative disease and normal state changes. T H E R E A R E F O U R B A C K G R O U N D C O M P O N E N T S Organization & AP Gradient Posterior Dominant Rhythm Variability & Reactivity State of Consiousness ^ l e a r n i n g e e g
- 2. ORGANIZATION & AP GRADIENT The organization of an EEG tracing refers, broadly, to how the waveforms appear across the entirety of the page, and includes continuity, symmetry, and the anterior posterior gradient. Continuity refers to the waveforms being uninterrupted by periods of flat or very attenuated activity. Healthy children and adults should always have a continuous record, but early neonatal tracings can show periods of discontinuity (this is discussed further in the neonatal and pediatric section). Below are examples of both a continuous and discontinuous record. The next component of organization is symmetry, in which both the left and right sides appear, largely, the same in terms of both amplitude and frequency. Healthy EEGs should always be symmetric, and intermittent or persistent asymmetries can arise from structural entities such as tumors or bleeds. Changes in symmetry can be subtle, but note how on the asymmetric example below how the left hemisphere has higher amplitude, slower delta activity compared to the right side. Continuous Discontinuous ^
- 3. In addition to symmetry and continuity, consider the anterior posterior gradient, in which faster, lower amplitude frequencies are present towards the front of the brain while slower, higher amplitude frequencies are found in the back of the brain. The AP gradient leads into the last component of organization, the posterior dominant rhythm (PDR), discussed in the next section. TEST YOURSELF Symmetric Asymmetric ^
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- 8. L E A R N I N G E E G U S E F U L L I N K S Epilepsy Foundation O T H E R R E S O U R C E S ^
- 9. © David Valentine MD 2020 This site is meant for neurology residents, epilepsy or clinical neurophysiology fellows, and EEG technicians. Please reach out with questions, concerns or suggestions; we're always working to improve our content. American Epilepsy Society International League Against Epilepsy Americal Clinical Neurophysiology Society Rowan's Primer of EEG Libenson's Practical Approach to EEG Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography Neonatal Electroencephalography ^