The document discusses the musculoskeletal system and focuses on the axial musculature, facial expression, mastication, and the tongue. It describes the various axial muscles including their attachments, functions, and relevance. It discusses the facial expression muscles in three groups - orbital, nasal, and oral muscles. It explains mastication and the muscles involved. Finally, it describes the tongue including its composition, functions, and ways to maintain a healthy tongue.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of mastication. It begins by defining muscle and mastication. It then discusses the development, classification, properties and functions of the primary muscles of mastication - the masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. The document also covers the accessory muscles of mastication and their functions. Finally, it discusses some clinical considerations regarding these muscles, including bruxism, tetanus, and myofascial pain disorders.
1 Muscles of facial expression and mastication.pptxdrpriya007
The document provides an overview of the muscles of facial expression and mastication. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural function. It then describes the different muscle types, development, kinetics, and topographic groupings of the facial muscles. Specific muscles are defined including their origin, insertion, innervation, and action. The roles of these muscles in facial expression, mastication, and other oral functions are discussed. Age-related changes and applications for prosthodontics are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the facial muscles, describing their origins, insertions, and actions. It lists the major groups of facial muscles as: muscles of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth, and other areas. Within each group it describes individual muscles such as the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp, the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyelid, and the buccinator muscle of the mouth. It provides details on each muscle's structure and role in facial expressions.
The document summarizes the muscles of mastication. It defines muscles and mastication, and describes the development, classification, and functions of the primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It provides details on the origin, insertion, nerve/blood supply, actions, and clinical importance of each muscle. It also briefly discusses the accessory muscles and chewing cycle.
This document provides information on the muscles of facial expressions that are important for complete denture prosthesis. It discusses the boundaries of the face and identifies the main facial muscles of concern for prosthodontists as the buccinator, orbicularis oris, incisivus superioris and inferioris, and bucco-labial groups. The document then describes the specific muscles involved in facial expressions, including their origins, insertions, blood supply, and functions in producing expressions like smiling, frowning, and sadness. It emphasizes the importance of these muscles for proper placement of teeth and support of lips and facial contours in denture design.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
The document summarizes the muscles of the head and neck. It describes muscles that control movement of the head and neck, chewing, swallowing, speech, facial expressions, and eye movement. Key muscles mentioned include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and splenius muscles. These muscles perform important tasks like chewing, facial expressions like smiling, and rotating and flexing the neck.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of mastication. It begins by defining muscle and mastication. It then discusses the development, classification, properties and functions of the primary muscles of mastication - the masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. The document also covers the accessory muscles of mastication and their functions. Finally, it discusses some clinical considerations regarding these muscles, including bruxism, tetanus, and myofascial pain disorders.
1 Muscles of facial expression and mastication.pptxdrpriya007
The document provides an overview of the muscles of facial expression and mastication. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural function. It then describes the different muscle types, development, kinetics, and topographic groupings of the facial muscles. Specific muscles are defined including their origin, insertion, innervation, and action. The roles of these muscles in facial expression, mastication, and other oral functions are discussed. Age-related changes and applications for prosthodontics are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the facial muscles, describing their origins, insertions, and actions. It lists the major groups of facial muscles as: muscles of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth, and other areas. Within each group it describes individual muscles such as the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp, the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyelid, and the buccinator muscle of the mouth. It provides details on each muscle's structure and role in facial expressions.
The document summarizes the muscles of mastication. It defines muscles and mastication, and describes the development, classification, and functions of the primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It provides details on the origin, insertion, nerve/blood supply, actions, and clinical importance of each muscle. It also briefly discusses the accessory muscles and chewing cycle.
This document provides information on the muscles of facial expressions that are important for complete denture prosthesis. It discusses the boundaries of the face and identifies the main facial muscles of concern for prosthodontists as the buccinator, orbicularis oris, incisivus superioris and inferioris, and bucco-labial groups. The document then describes the specific muscles involved in facial expressions, including their origins, insertions, blood supply, and functions in producing expressions like smiling, frowning, and sadness. It emphasizes the importance of these muscles for proper placement of teeth and support of lips and facial contours in denture design.
The document summarizes the main muscles of the face, dividing them into four groups - epicranial, circumorbital and palpebral, nasal, and buccolabial. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and actions of each muscle. Key muscles discussed include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, mentalis, and orbicularis oris.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
1. The boundaries and skin of the face, which is very vascular and contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
2. The superficial fascia of the face contains the muscles of facial expression and fat.
3. The muscles of facial expression are divided into groups that control the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve.
4. The arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the structures of the face.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including its boundaries, layers, bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. The facial skeleton consists of 14 bones that form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for facial muscles. These muscles are divided into groups that control expressions and movements of the eyes, mouth, nose, ears, and neck. The face has a rich blood supply from the facial artery and veins. Sensation is provided by the trigeminal nerve and motor function by the facial nerve, which innervates most facial muscles.
The document discusses the muscles involved in mastication. It describes the primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid - which attach to the mandible and aid in elevating, depressing, and moving the jaw laterally. The secondary muscles of mastication - the suprahyoid muscles like digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid - provide supporting functions. Clinical considerations related to these muscles like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are also outlined.
The document describes the facial muscles, including their origins, insertions and actions. It lists and provides details on the muscles of the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth and other areas. The orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, levator palpebrae superioris and other orbital muscles are described. The document also outlines the nasal muscles like the nasalis and dilatator naris muscles. The oral group includes the orbicularis oris, buccinator and muscles that depress or elevate parts of the lips and mouth.
This document provides an overview of the oro-facial musculature. It begins with an introduction and classification of muscles, followed by the embryology of muscle development. It then describes the anatomy, innervation and actions of specific muscle groups including the scalp, ear, eyelid, extraocular, nose, mouth, neck and tongue muscles. It discusses the origins of cranio-facial muscles and compares muscle fiber types. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of some clinical considerations related to injuries of the scalp and face.
This document provides information on the anatomy of the face, including:
- The peculiarities of facial skin and fascia layers.
- The various facial muscles are described, grouped into those for the eyelids, nose, and lips/cheeks. Key muscles like orbicularis oculi and buccinator are explained.
- The nerve supply of each facial region from branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves is outlined. The arterial, venous, and lymphatic drainage of the face is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the orofacial musculature. It begins with brief introductions to the muscles of the scalp, auricle, eye, nose and around the mouth. It then discusses the muscles of mastication and tongue in more detail. The key muscles described include the occipitofrontalis and temporoparietalis muscles of the scalp, the auricularis anterior, superior and posterior muscles of the auricle, the extraocular muscles that move the eyeball and levator palpebrae superioris that moves the eyelid, and the orbicularis oris that acts as a sphincter around the mouth. Applied aspects and conclusions are also mentioned.
This document summarizes the major muscles of the face, neck, back, abdomen, pelvis, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. It describes the origin, insertion, and main actions of muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris around the eye and mouth, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid in the neck, rectus abdominis and internal and external obliques in the abdomen, levator ani and coccygeus in the pelvis, deltoid and latissimus dorsi around the shoulder, biceps and triceps at the elbow, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi uln
The face has skin, superficial fascia containing muscles and vessels, and no deep fascia allowing facial expression. The skin is thick and vascular. Fat pads are present in cheeks but absent in eyelids. Muscles of facial expression in the forehead include the frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and procerus. Around the eyes are the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris. Nasal muscles are the nasalis and depressor septi. Muscles around the mouth include the orbicularis oris and buccinator. The face is innervated by the facial nerve and supplied by the facial artery. Lymphatic drainage involves preauricular, superficial parotid
The document defines three types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and describes their characteristics. It then discusses the major muscles in the neck, face, back, and arms/legs. The neck muscles include the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, which control head movement and posture. Facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris control eye and mouth movement. Back muscles like the latissimus dorsi and erector spinae extend and control the spine.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each muscle. The document also discusses clinical evaluation and disorders of the masticatory muscles, including myofascial pain, myositis, and myospasm.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the four primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, actions and functions of each muscle. The document also briefly discusses secondary muscles like the suprahyoid muscles. Clinical considerations related to the muscles of mastication like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are mentioned at the end.
The document provides information on cranial bones including the ethmoid and sphenoid bones. It describes the structures and functions of these bones, such as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone allowing passage of olfactory nerves and the sphenoid sinus housed in the hollow body. The maxilla, zygoma, palate, mandible and muscles of mastication are also outlined, with descriptions of their anatomical features and roles in functions like mastication and tongue movement.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The document summarizes the main muscles of the face, dividing them into four groups - epicranial, circumorbital and palpebral, nasal, and buccolabial. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and actions of each muscle. Key muscles discussed include the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, mentalis, and orbicularis oris.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
1. The boundaries and skin of the face, which is very vascular and contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
2. The superficial fascia of the face contains the muscles of facial expression and fat.
3. The muscles of facial expression are divided into groups that control the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve.
4. The arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the structures of the face.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including its boundaries, layers, bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. The facial skeleton consists of 14 bones that form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for facial muscles. These muscles are divided into groups that control expressions and movements of the eyes, mouth, nose, ears, and neck. The face has a rich blood supply from the facial artery and veins. Sensation is provided by the trigeminal nerve and motor function by the facial nerve, which innervates most facial muscles.
The document discusses the muscles involved in mastication. It describes the primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid - which attach to the mandible and aid in elevating, depressing, and moving the jaw laterally. The secondary muscles of mastication - the suprahyoid muscles like digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid - provide supporting functions. Clinical considerations related to these muscles like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are also outlined.
The document describes the facial muscles, including their origins, insertions and actions. It lists and provides details on the muscles of the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth and other areas. The orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, levator palpebrae superioris and other orbital muscles are described. The document also outlines the nasal muscles like the nasalis and dilatator naris muscles. The oral group includes the orbicularis oris, buccinator and muscles that depress or elevate parts of the lips and mouth.
This document provides an overview of the oro-facial musculature. It begins with an introduction and classification of muscles, followed by the embryology of muscle development. It then describes the anatomy, innervation and actions of specific muscle groups including the scalp, ear, eyelid, extraocular, nose, mouth, neck and tongue muscles. It discusses the origins of cranio-facial muscles and compares muscle fiber types. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of some clinical considerations related to injuries of the scalp and face.
This document provides information on the anatomy of the face, including:
- The peculiarities of facial skin and fascia layers.
- The various facial muscles are described, grouped into those for the eyelids, nose, and lips/cheeks. Key muscles like orbicularis oculi and buccinator are explained.
- The nerve supply of each facial region from branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves is outlined. The arterial, venous, and lymphatic drainage of the face is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the orofacial musculature. It begins with brief introductions to the muscles of the scalp, auricle, eye, nose and around the mouth. It then discusses the muscles of mastication and tongue in more detail. The key muscles described include the occipitofrontalis and temporoparietalis muscles of the scalp, the auricularis anterior, superior and posterior muscles of the auricle, the extraocular muscles that move the eyeball and levator palpebrae superioris that moves the eyelid, and the orbicularis oris that acts as a sphincter around the mouth. Applied aspects and conclusions are also mentioned.
This document summarizes the major muscles of the face, neck, back, abdomen, pelvis, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. It describes the origin, insertion, and main actions of muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris around the eye and mouth, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid in the neck, rectus abdominis and internal and external obliques in the abdomen, levator ani and coccygeus in the pelvis, deltoid and latissimus dorsi around the shoulder, biceps and triceps at the elbow, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi uln
The face has skin, superficial fascia containing muscles and vessels, and no deep fascia allowing facial expression. The skin is thick and vascular. Fat pads are present in cheeks but absent in eyelids. Muscles of facial expression in the forehead include the frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and procerus. Around the eyes are the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris. Nasal muscles are the nasalis and depressor septi. Muscles around the mouth include the orbicularis oris and buccinator. The face is innervated by the facial nerve and supplied by the facial artery. Lymphatic drainage involves preauricular, superficial parotid
The document defines three types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and describes their characteristics. It then discusses the major muscles in the neck, face, back, and arms/legs. The neck muscles include the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, which control head movement and posture. Facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris control eye and mouth movement. Back muscles like the latissimus dorsi and erector spinae extend and control the spine.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
The document summarizes the musculature of the head and neck in several paragraphs. It describes two main groups of muscles: craniofacial muscles like the orbicularis oculi that control facial expression, and masticatory muscles like the masseter and temporalis that control jaw movement. It then provides details on individual muscle origins, insertions, innervation and actions.
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each muscle. The document also discusses clinical evaluation and disorders of the masticatory muscles, including myofascial pain, myositis, and myospasm.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the four primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, actions and functions of each muscle. The document also briefly discusses secondary muscles like the suprahyoid muscles. Clinical considerations related to the muscles of mastication like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are mentioned at the end.
The document provides information on cranial bones including the ethmoid and sphenoid bones. It describes the structures and functions of these bones, such as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone allowing passage of olfactory nerves and the sphenoid sinus housed in the hollow body. The maxilla, zygoma, palate, mandible and muscles of mastication are also outlined, with descriptions of their anatomical features and roles in functions like mastication and tongue movement.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
2. GROUP 3 MEMBERS
• APPIAH PRINCE YEBOAH
• SADIA ALIMATU SEDI
• FUSEINI BAYLAWU WUMPINI
• SEFA GRACE
• ARHIN DAFOSTA
• YVETTE ATAA YEBOAH
• OBENG RICHARD
• NAJAT ALHASSAN ADBULAI
• JOSEPH AWINBE ANABA
• NKUAHGODFRED
• AHMED TIJANI ABDULLAI
3. AXIAL MUSCULATURE
•THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
•The muscular system is an organ system consisting of
the skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. It permit
movement of the body, maintain posture and aids in
circulation. The skeletal muscle are muscles attach to
the skeletal system which aid in movement and other
vital operations. The skeletal muscle consist of the
axial and the appendicular muscles.
4. AXIAL MUSCLES
• The axial muscles are the muscles of the head, neck and
trunk which separate and migrate from other during
development. The axial muscles are grouped based on
location or function or both. The muscles aid in ;
• Chewing and swallowing
• Supporting and protect abdominal and pelvic organs
• It forms about 60% of skeletal muscles
• Control the movement of the head and the abdominalsector
of the body.
5. MUSCLES ATTACHMENT FUNCTION
Occipito frontali Frontal and occipital bellies
Separated by epicanal aponeurosis
Raises of the eyebrows
platysma Suprior to the thorax Covers the anterior surface of the
neck
Orbicularisocular(intrinsicand
extrinsic)
Around the eye area Closing, open and blinking of the
eye
Orbicularis oris Around the mouth region The open and close of the mouth
Buccinator A flat muscle of the cheek To smile, compressor force air out
of the mouth
Masseter / Temporalis(muscles of
mastication)
Aids in mastication
Digastic omhyoid
sternocleidomastoid(musclsof
the neck)
Attach to the neck region Helps in the movement of the neck
Intercostalmuscles Attach to the rib cage Aids in respiration
Externa oblique Anteriorabdominal wall It helps to rotate the trunk
Internal oblique Lateral abdominal wall It flexes and blend the trunk and
also helps in respiration
Tranversus This is the deepest musclesof the
abdominal walls
Flex the vertebral column in the
lumber region
6. FACIAL EXPRESSION
• Face
• Forehead is common to both face and scalp
• Facial muscle
• Orbital margins and eyelids
• External nose and nostrils
• Lips, cheeks and mouth
• Pinna
• Scalp
• Cervical skin
7. Facial expression
• Facial expression is one or more motions of the muscles beneath the
skin of the face
• They are form of non-verbal communication. They are primary
means of conveying social information between human, but also
occurs in most mammals and some other animal species.
• Examples;
• Happiness
• Fear
• Sadness
• Surprise
• Anger
8. Cont’
• The muscles of facial expressions are also known as the mimetic
muscles. They can generally be divided into three main functional
categories;
• Orbital
• Nasal
• Oral
• This muscles broadly originate from the surface of the skull and
insert unto facial skin. The muscles of the facial expression are
located within subcutaneous tissue of the face. They originate from
both bone fascia and insert unto facial skin. As they contract, the
muscles pull on the skin to exert their effect.
9. ORBITAL GROUP
• The orbital group of the facial muscles contains two
muscles associated with eye socket which are;
• Orbicularis oculi
• Corrugator supercilii
• These muscles control the movement of the eyelids.
• They are also important in protecting the cornea from
damage.
• They are both innervated by the facial nerve.
10.
11. ORBICULARIS OCULI
•The orbicularis oculi muscles surrounds the eye
socket and extends into the eyelids
•It has three distinct part which are;
•Palpebral
•Lacrimal
•Orbital
12. ATTACHMENT
•Originate from the media orbital margin, the medial
palpebral ligament and the lacrimal bone.
•ACTIONS
•Palpebral part- gently closes the eyelid
•lacrimal part –involved in the drainage of tears
•Orbital part – tightly closes the eyelids
13. CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII
•The corrugator supercilii is much smaller muscles
and is located posteriorly to the orbicularis oculi
• ATTACHMENT
•Originate from the media aspect of the supercilii
arch and insert unto the skin of the eyebrow
•ACTION
•Draws the eyebrows together, creating vertical
wrinkles on the bridge of the nose(associated
frawning)
14. CLINICAL RELEVANCE
• Paralysis to the orbital muscles. If the facial nerves becomes
damage, the orbital muscles will cease to function. As they
are the only muscles that can close the eyelids, this has
some serious clinical consequences.
• The eye cannot shut: this can cause the cornea to dry out.
This is known as exposure keratitis.
• The lower eyelid drops, called ectopion. Lacrimal pools in
the loer eyelidand cannot be spread across the surface.
This can result in a future to remove debris and ulceration
of the cornea surface.
15. NASAL GROUP
• The nasal group of the facial muscles are associated with
movement of the nose and the skin surrounding it. The
nasal muscles of the facial expression consist of three
part which are;
• Nasalis
• Procerus
• Depressor septinasi
• Nasalis : Is the largest of the nasal muscles and comprise
of two part called Transverse and Alar.
16.
17. ATTACHMENT
• Transverse part – originate from the maxilla,immediately
lateral to the nose
• Alar part: originate from the maxilla overlying the lateral
incisor.
• ACTION
• Transverse part – comprises the nasal opening
• Alar part – widens the nasal opening
• Innervation – buccal branches of the facial nerve.
18. PROCERUS
• It is the most superior of the nasal muscles. It lies superficially to
the other muscles of facial expression
• ATTACHMENT
• It originate from the nasal bone and insert onto skin of the lower
media forehead.
• ACTION
• It pulls the eyebrows downward to produce transverse wrinkles
over the nose (associated with frowning)
• INNERVATION
• Buccal branches of facial nerve.
19. DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI
• The depressor septi nasi muscles assist the Alar part of nasalis in the
opening of the nostrils.
• ATTACHMENT
• Originate from the maxilla(above the media incisor tooth) and
insert onto the nasal septum.
• ACTION
• It pulls the nasal septum inferiorly to widen the nasal opening
• INNERVATION
• Buccal branches of the facial nerve
20. ORAL GROUP
• The oral muscles of the facial expression are responsible for
the movement of the mouth and lips. They are required in
the singing and whistling, and add emphasis to vocal
communication. The group consist of the orbicularis oris,
buccinators and various smaller muscles.
• ORBICULARIS ORIS
• Is the main sphincter muscles of the lips.
• ATTACHMENT
• Arises from the maxilla and from the other muscles of the
cheek. It insert onto the skin and mucus membrane of the
21.
22. .
• ACTION
• Closes the lips to narrow the oral opening.
• INNERVATION
• Buccal branches of the facial nerve.
• BUCCINATOR
• The buccinator is a thin,square shaped muscles. It is located between the
mandible and the maxilla, deep to the other muscles of the face.
• ATTACHMENT
• Originate from the maxilla and mandible. The fibers run in an inferomedial
direction, blending with the orbicularis oris muscles and the skin of the lips.
23. .
• ACTION
• It pulls the cheek inwards against the teeth, preventing accumulation
of food in that area.
• INNERVATION
• Buccal branches of the facial nerve.
• MINOR ORAL MUSCLES.
• There are other minor muscles that act on the lips and mouth. They
can be divided into upper and lower groups:
24. .
•The lower group contains the depressor anguli oris,
depressor labii inferioris and the mentalis.
•The upper group contains the risorious, zygomaticus
major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris,
levator labii suprioris alaeque nasi and levator anguli
oris.
25. MASTICATION AND TONGUE
• Mastication(chewing) is the process by which food is crushed and
grind by teeth. It is the first step of digestion. It is a complex
mechanism involving opening and closing of the jaw, secretion of
saliva and mixing of food with the tongue.
• Importance of mastication
• It increases the surface area of the food to allow more efficient
breakdown by enzymes.
• For easy swallowing.
26. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
• They are group of muscles that helps a movement of the mandible
during chewing and speech.
• FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE MASTICATION
• It controls the opening and closing of the mouth.
• There are four pairs of muscles of mastication
• Temporalis
• Masseter
• Media pterygoid
• Lateral pterygoid
27. TEMPORALIS
•It is the large flat muscles that lies within the
temporali fossa of the skull. It arises from entirely of
the temporal fossa below the temporal line.
•The muscles is innervated by the deep temporal
branch of the mandiblular nerve and vascularized by
the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery
and middle temporal branches of the superficial
temporal artery.
28. MASSETER
The masseter is the powerful superficial quadrangular
muscle origination from the zygomatic arch and insert along
the angle and the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus. It
receives it motor innervation nerve.
The blood supply is primarily from the masseteric artery. It
has two divisions;
• Superficial portion
• Deep portion
29. Superficial portion
• It originate from the thick aponueurosis on the temporal process of the zygomatic
bone and the anterior is two-third of the inferior boarder of the zygomatic arch.
• DEEP PORTION
• It originate from the entire surface of the zygomatic arch.
THE MEDIA PTE
the major elevator of the jaw is a square shape masticatory muscle ,located on the
medial aspect of the lower jaw bilaterally. It is also known as internal pterygoid
muscle, this muscles lies medial to the lateral.
30. LATERAL PTERYGOID
• It is compose of two heads with two distinct origin. The
larger deep head rises from the medial surface of the lateral
pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. The smaller
superficial head originate from the tuberosity of the
maxilla. Lateral pterygoid muscle is triangle muscle that lies
in the infratemporal fossa. It has two heads with two
distinct origin. The smaller superior head rises from the
inferior surface of the greater wing and infratemporal crest
of the sphenoid bone which form the roof of infratemporal
fossa.
31.
32. Mastication muscle disorder
• Muscles pain limited to the facial region, overuse chronic
involuntary constraction(clenching or dystomia) and ischemia of
normal muscles that causes pain.
• They are;
• Muscle pain or myalgia
• Myositis
• Myospam or trismus
• Hypertrophy
• Hyperplaxia
35. TONGUE
• It is a muscle organ that is located to floor of the mouth.
The tongue runs from the hyoid bone to the floor of the
mouth( located in the middle of the neck.
• FUNCTIONS OF THE TONGUE
• It is a digestiveorgan that moves food around the mouth to
aid in chewing and swallowing
• It also helps in making different sounds by speaking and
formation of words clearly.
• It helps to open air ways for proper breathingprocess.
• It helps to differentiatetaste and flavours.
36. What is the tongue made up of?
• The tongue is mostly made up of muscles. It anchored inside the mouth by webs
of strong tissue and it is covered by mucosa(a moist pink lining that covers certain
organs and body). The tongue is also covered with different types of papillae and
taste buds. The four different types of tastes buds are;
• Filiform: it is located at the front two-thirds of the tongue, filiform and papillae
are thread-like in appearance, filiform papillae don’t contain tastes.
• Fungiform: it is located mostly on the side and tip of the tongue. Fungiform
papillae consist of approximately 1600 taste buds.
• Circumvallate: the small bumps on the back of the tongue are circumvallate
papillae. They appear larger than the other type of papillae and they contain
approximately 250 taste buds.
37.
38. .
• Foliate: located on each side of the back portion of the tongue. It looks like a rough fold of
tissue, each person has about 20 folatepapillae, which contains several 100 taste buds.
• HOW THE TASTE BUDS WORKS
• The taste buds are cluster of nerve cell that transmit sensory message to the brain.
• There are five taste that stimulate the taste buds;
• Sweet
• Salty
• Bitter
• Sour
• Umami
40. CONDITION OR PROBLEMS THAT
AFFECT THE TONGUE
• Discoloration
• Increase size
• Abnormalities of the surface
• Growth(bumps) pain
• Taste concerns
• Difficulty with movement
41. How can I maintain a healthy tongue?
•Practicing of oral hygiene
•Visiting a dental clinic
•Eating of balanced diet .