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The Making of the High Weald




                    Matt Pitts
            Cultural Landscape Advisor
              High Weald AONB Unit
What is Landscape?


                       http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu




                                     Collins dictionary




                     Landscape Convention Definition
What is Landscape?

 •an expanse of scenery that can be seen
  in a single view         http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu




                                         Collins dictionary




                         Landscape Convention Definition
What is Landscape?

 •an expanse of scenery that can be seen
  in a single view             http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu




 •an extensive area of land regarded as
  being visually distinctive
                                            Collins dictionary




                           Landscape Convention Definition
What is Landscape?

  •an expanse of scenery that can be seen
    in a single view                     http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu




  •an extensive area of land regarded as
    being visually distinctive
                                                      Collins dictionary



an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the
result of the action and interaction of natural and/or
human factors.                     Landscape Convention Definition
Look beyond the visual
Protected Landscapes - South East
High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
A Cultural Landscape
The Natural Inheritance
Geological History
Geological History




                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                          Wealden Clay

                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                          Wealden Clay

                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                     Upper Greensand

                      Lower Greensand

                          Wealden Clay

                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                     Upper Greensand

                      Lower Greensand

                          Wealden Clay

                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Geological History




                              Chalk

                     Upper Greensand

                      Lower Greensand

                          Wealden Clay

                         Hasting Group
                     Purbeck Limestone
Natural inheritance




                      Data derived from British Geological Survey (c) NERC
Geology – cross section Today




                      High Weald
South Downs                        North Downs
Landform
Landform
Landform
Natural Colonization
Sandstone Outcrops
Water Systems
Main Rivers
                            Medway




                                Rother
              Ouse


                     Cuckmere            Brede
Main Rivers
                            Medway




                                Rother
              Ouse


                     Cuckmere            Brede
Main Rivers
                            Medway




                                Rother
              Ouse


                     Cuckmere            Brede
Headwaters
                           Medway




                               Rother
             Ouse


                    Cuckmere            Brede
Headwaters
                           Medway




                               Rother
             Ouse


                    Cuckmere            Brede
Human Colonization
Early human activity – Mesolithic   8000 – 4300 BC
Early human activity – Mesolithic   8000 – 4300 BC




                                        Microliths, found High Rocks,
                                        Tunbridge Wells

                                                          Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Pollen Evidence
Pollen Evidence
Pollen Evidence
Pollen Evidence
Early human activity - Neolithic   4,300 – 1400 BC
Early human activity - Neolithic   4,300 – 1400 BC




                                                     Polished flint axe
                                                     head, found
                                                     Hartfield


                                                       Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Early human activity - Bronze Age
Early human activity - Bronze Age




                                    Tanged & barbed arrow head,
                                    found Warren Farm, Rotherfield


                                                    Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Roman ironworking sites




                          Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Roman ironworking sites




                          Romano- British nail, found
                          Castle Hill, Tonbridge


                                        Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Roman Finds
Roman Finds




              Copper alloy nummus of the
              House of Constantine, VRBS
              ROMA type, mint of Trier,
              c.AD 330-335
2nd Century medallion
of Antoninus
2nd Century medallion
of Antoninus
Transhumance: dens and droves
Early routeways
Early documentary history for dens in Sussex.




                 Anglo Saxon Charter of c.765 lists pig pastures and denns
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)


              Seeing through the trees
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
Medieval farmstead

Braided Routeway
Medieval Period
Post Medieval Iron
Post Medieval Iron




                     9 pound cannonball,
                     found Hadlow



                           Courtesy Tunbridge Wells Museum
Landscape character of the High Weald defined
What is Landscape?


•a ‘good landscape’ is an interesting
 one, in which history remains ‘legible’
 so that the marks left by the work and
 lives of hundreds of generations of our
 predecessors can still be recognised.

                        Graham Fairclough, English Hertiage
Find Out More
Find Out More




 www.highweald.org
Supported by




 A partnership between Natural England, East Sussex, West Sussex, Kent and Surrey
   County Councils, Rother, Horsham, Mid Sussex, Tandridge, Sevenoaks, Wealden
 District Councils and Tunbridge Wells, Hastings, Crawley, Tonbridge and Malling and
                                 Borough Councils.

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The Making of the High Weald Landscape