The document discusses the concept of the "Long Tail" which refers to businesses reaching niche markets by selling obscure or less mainstream products. It notes that the Long Tail benefits customers by providing access to niche products not available elsewhere, and benefits businesses by allowing them to grow their market into obscure areas with many small, individual sales that can exceed mainstream sales. It provides examples of companies like Amazon, eBay, Google, iTunes/Rhapsody, and Netflix that have been able to leverage the Long Tail.