Data journalism can have a real impact at a local level and although this type of reporting is less mainstream than it is nationally, examples and opportunities for best practice do exist.
Book chapter in Data Journalism: Inside the global future- available: https://www.amazon.com/Data-Journalism-Inside-global-future/dp/1845496639
Data journalism is still a nascent concept in the emerging hyperlocal media sector, but examples of activity do exist – particularly in the US – and steps can be taken to make it more mainstream. This book chapter was part of "Data Journalism: Mapping the Future" published in 10 Jan 2014 and edited by John Mair and Richard Lance Keeble. See: http://www.abramis.co.uk/books/bookdetails.php?id=184549616 for more details.
http://spiral16.com It’s no secret that web and social media monitoring can be useful for any business looking to monitor their brand or competitors, but how does this game-changing form of communication relate to politics and government agencies?
This presentation explores:
* How crucial social media monitoring is for tracking political campaigns
* How social media can be leveraged at all levels of government
People as sensors - mining social media for meaningful informationTom Raftery
The video of this talk is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZdknOPY_jQ
More and more we are all broadcasting information. Geolocation data, “this x sucks” data, weather data, etc.
More and more that data is being parsed and analysed in realtime, such that we have now become sensors.
How does this work, what does this mean, and what risks/benefits will it bring?
Data journalism is still a nascent concept in the emerging hyperlocal media sector, but examples of activity do exist – particularly in the US – and steps can be taken to make it more mainstream. This book chapter was part of "Data Journalism: Mapping the Future" published in 10 Jan 2014 and edited by John Mair and Richard Lance Keeble. See: http://www.abramis.co.uk/books/bookdetails.php?id=184549616 for more details.
http://spiral16.com It’s no secret that web and social media monitoring can be useful for any business looking to monitor their brand or competitors, but how does this game-changing form of communication relate to politics and government agencies?
This presentation explores:
* How crucial social media monitoring is for tracking political campaigns
* How social media can be leveraged at all levels of government
People as sensors - mining social media for meaningful informationTom Raftery
The video of this talk is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZdknOPY_jQ
More and more we are all broadcasting information. Geolocation data, “this x sucks” data, weather data, etc.
More and more that data is being parsed and analysed in realtime, such that we have now become sensors.
How does this work, what does this mean, and what risks/benefits will it bring?
What's behind the nonsense about traffic gridlockBarry Wellar
This article was prepared for news media, popular literature, list serve, social media, academic and association websites, and other means of communicating with the general public in Canada and abroad. As demonstrated in previous reports, and without exception to date, claims about traffic gridlock in sources such as news media stories, government documents, board of trade releases, vested interest productions, as well as announcements and pronouncements by politicians are unsupported by substantive, empirical evidence. This article is a commentary urging ordinary citizens to reject the gridlock nonsense and its agents or lobbyists, and to insist upon and participate in national, regional, and local education programs to better understand and appreciate both the positive and the negative aspects of traffic congestion. Previous reports on my recent gridlock-related research include Tracking the Motives behind the Phony War on “Traffic Gridlock; Traffic Gridlock: A Bad, Mis-Leading Metaphor that Makes for Bad, Mis-Directed Public Policy; Traffic Gridlock: The Real Deal or a Pile of Nonsense? ; and Inspiring a Sustainability Action Agenda . These and other, related productions can be viewed at various websites including, transport2000.ca/; wellar.ca/wellarconsulting/; slideshare.net/wellarb/documents; and urbanneighbourhoods.wordpress.com/.
Journalism, data and storytelling: navigating the battlefieldPaul Bradshaw
Data journalism promises to offer a more factual, objective picture of the world — but to what extent can we fulfil that promise? How can storytelling techniques be useful in engaging audiences with factual data — and what risks do they hold? Drawing on a decade’s experiences as a data journalist, academic and author, Paul Bradshaw will discuss the decisions that data journalists take when telling stories with data, and how an awareness of narrative techniques and critical issues in the field can create better journalism.
Keynote at University of Cambridge - Cambridge Digital Humanities Data School June 2019
Summary of social media techniques and applications that can be used to improve the public involvement process in urban and transport planning. Including reporting applications, serious games, collaboration tools, educational applications and supporting tools.
In this talk is offer three challenges for a critical data journalism practice drawing on the insights and examples from The Data Journalism Handbook: Towards a Critical Data Practice: https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789462989511/the-data-journalism-handbook. The talk is a keynote given at the Digital Methods Initiative Summer School at the University of Amsterdam on 5 July 2021.
Journalists today are faced with an overwhelming abundance of data – from large collections of leaked documents, to public databases about lobbying or government spending, to ‘big data’ from social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. To stay relevant to society journalists are learning to process this data and separate signal from noise in order to provide valuable insights to their readers. This talk will address questions like: What is the potential of data journalism? Why is it relevant to society? And how can you get started?
Invited talk presented by Hemant Purohit (http://knoesis.org/researchers/hemant) at the NCSU workshop on IT for sustainable tourism development. The talk presents application of technology developed for crisis coordination into more general marketplace coordination via social media for helping suppliers (micro-entrepreneurs) and demanders (tourists).
Given the growth of social media and rapid evolution of Web of Data, we have unprecedented opportunities to improve crisis response by extracting social signals, creating spatio-temporal mappings, performing analytics on social and Web of Data, and supporting a variety of applications. Such applications can help provide situational awareness during an emergency, improve preparedness, and assist during the rebuilding/recovery phase of a disaster. Data mining can provide valuable insights to support emergency responders and other stakeholders during crisis. However, there are a number of challenges and existing computing technology may not work in all cases. Therefore, our objective here is to present the characterization of such data mining tasks, and challenges that need further research attention for leveraging social media and Web of Data to assist crisis response coordination.
Hyper-local Media: A Small but Growing Part of the Local Media EcosystemDamian Radcliffe
"Hyperlocal media has expanded significantly in the UK in the past 12 to 18 months, notes Damian Radcliffe. Supported by new funding and training initiatives, interest from academics and policy-makers, as well as the increased take-up of internet-enabled mobile devices, the result has been a step-change in activity and interest in the hyperlocal scene." Contribution to “What do we mean by local? The rise, fall and possible rise again of local journalism” – published Sept 2013 by Abramis Academic Publishing and edited by John Mair, Richard Lance Keeble, Neil Fowler: http://www.abramis.co.uk/books/bookdetails.php?id=184549593
Summary version available on the BBC College of Journalism website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/blogcollegeofjournalism/posts/Hyperlocal-media-A-small-but-growing-part-of-the-local-media-ecosystem
What's behind the nonsense about traffic gridlockBarry Wellar
This article was prepared for news media, popular literature, list serve, social media, academic and association websites, and other means of communicating with the general public in Canada and abroad. As demonstrated in previous reports, and without exception to date, claims about traffic gridlock in sources such as news media stories, government documents, board of trade releases, vested interest productions, as well as announcements and pronouncements by politicians are unsupported by substantive, empirical evidence. This article is a commentary urging ordinary citizens to reject the gridlock nonsense and its agents or lobbyists, and to insist upon and participate in national, regional, and local education programs to better understand and appreciate both the positive and the negative aspects of traffic congestion. Previous reports on my recent gridlock-related research include Tracking the Motives behind the Phony War on “Traffic Gridlock; Traffic Gridlock: A Bad, Mis-Leading Metaphor that Makes for Bad, Mis-Directed Public Policy; Traffic Gridlock: The Real Deal or a Pile of Nonsense? ; and Inspiring a Sustainability Action Agenda . These and other, related productions can be viewed at various websites including, transport2000.ca/; wellar.ca/wellarconsulting/; slideshare.net/wellarb/documents; and urbanneighbourhoods.wordpress.com/.
Journalism, data and storytelling: navigating the battlefieldPaul Bradshaw
Data journalism promises to offer a more factual, objective picture of the world — but to what extent can we fulfil that promise? How can storytelling techniques be useful in engaging audiences with factual data — and what risks do they hold? Drawing on a decade’s experiences as a data journalist, academic and author, Paul Bradshaw will discuss the decisions that data journalists take when telling stories with data, and how an awareness of narrative techniques and critical issues in the field can create better journalism.
Keynote at University of Cambridge - Cambridge Digital Humanities Data School June 2019
Summary of social media techniques and applications that can be used to improve the public involvement process in urban and transport planning. Including reporting applications, serious games, collaboration tools, educational applications and supporting tools.
In this talk is offer three challenges for a critical data journalism practice drawing on the insights and examples from The Data Journalism Handbook: Towards a Critical Data Practice: https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789462989511/the-data-journalism-handbook. The talk is a keynote given at the Digital Methods Initiative Summer School at the University of Amsterdam on 5 July 2021.
Journalists today are faced with an overwhelming abundance of data – from large collections of leaked documents, to public databases about lobbying or government spending, to ‘big data’ from social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. To stay relevant to society journalists are learning to process this data and separate signal from noise in order to provide valuable insights to their readers. This talk will address questions like: What is the potential of data journalism? Why is it relevant to society? And how can you get started?
Invited talk presented by Hemant Purohit (http://knoesis.org/researchers/hemant) at the NCSU workshop on IT for sustainable tourism development. The talk presents application of technology developed for crisis coordination into more general marketplace coordination via social media for helping suppliers (micro-entrepreneurs) and demanders (tourists).
Given the growth of social media and rapid evolution of Web of Data, we have unprecedented opportunities to improve crisis response by extracting social signals, creating spatio-temporal mappings, performing analytics on social and Web of Data, and supporting a variety of applications. Such applications can help provide situational awareness during an emergency, improve preparedness, and assist during the rebuilding/recovery phase of a disaster. Data mining can provide valuable insights to support emergency responders and other stakeholders during crisis. However, there are a number of challenges and existing computing technology may not work in all cases. Therefore, our objective here is to present the characterization of such data mining tasks, and challenges that need further research attention for leveraging social media and Web of Data to assist crisis response coordination.
Hyper-local Media: A Small but Growing Part of the Local Media EcosystemDamian Radcliffe
"Hyperlocal media has expanded significantly in the UK in the past 12 to 18 months, notes Damian Radcliffe. Supported by new funding and training initiatives, interest from academics and policy-makers, as well as the increased take-up of internet-enabled mobile devices, the result has been a step-change in activity and interest in the hyperlocal scene." Contribution to “What do we mean by local? The rise, fall and possible rise again of local journalism” – published Sept 2013 by Abramis Academic Publishing and edited by John Mair, Richard Lance Keeble, Neil Fowler: http://www.abramis.co.uk/books/bookdetails.php?id=184549593
Summary version available on the BBC College of Journalism website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/blogcollegeofjournalism/posts/Hyperlocal-media-A-small-but-growing-part-of-the-local-media-ecosystem
How relevant is the age of a city in determining its interest in, and ability to use, 'big data'? This briefing explores how both old and new cities have distinct advantages and disadvantages in their ability to use big data effectively, the lessons they can learn from each other, and their common challenges.
Data Journalism: chapter from Online Journalism Handbook first editionPaul Bradshaw
This chapter is from the first edition of the Online Journalism Handbook. The work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Chapter 1 IntroductionIn The High Cost of Free Parking, Dr. Danie.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1: Introduction
In The High Cost of Free Parking, Dr. Daniel Shoup explains how free parking is engraved in people’s expectations (Shoup, 2005). As vehicle usage rapidly increased in the 1920s and 1930s, regulations were quickly enforced, requiring businesses to provide sufficient parking for their clientele. These early regulations were adopted nearly a century ago aiming to alleviate congestion caused by moving vehicles searching for parking spaces. Moving forward to current years, such regulations established an expectation of access to free, or nearly free parking. This expectation has caused several problems, particularly in high traffic urban areas. Hopeful of finding an affordable and convenient parking location, individuals continue to drive around an area, wasting time, fuel, raising safety concerns, and increasing traffic. Additionally, because local governments have chosen to provide relatively affordable pricing, once a parking location is found, drivers do not have a financial incentive to vacate the location in an expedient manner that improves turnover. Throughout the years, this issue has become undeniably prevalent, primarily in highly populated cities with limited parking availability.
The City of San Diego is the eighth largest city in the United States (“Population | Economic Development | City of San Diego Official Website,” n.d.), and is comprised of more than 50 neighborhoods. The current population is over 1.4 million people and has a steep increase forecasted. The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) estimates the population to reach 1.54 million by 2020, 1.69 million by 2030, 1.82 million by 2040, and nearly 2 million by 2050 (nearly doubling the current population) (“Population | Economic Development | City of San Diego Official Website,” n.d.). San Diego is home to several beaches, sports teams, universities, and is geographically rich; the city is also known for their weather and proximity to neighboring Mexico. Among other reasons, San Diego is best known as “America’s Finest City”, and has become a popular destination for tourists and new residents. More than 35 million tourists visit San Diego annually (“Industry Research,” n.d.).
San Diego faces a constrained parking situation due to limited public transit and a car-to-parking-location ratio; this is additionally challenged by the thriving tourist economy resulting from the moderate San Diego climate. According to Data USA, the average San Diego household owns two cars and uses them regularly as their primary mode of transportation (“San Diego, CA,” n.d.). According to Shoup (2011), over 80% of trips in the United States are made by car, while less than two percent leverage public transportation.
Downtown San Diego, which is a very active and popular destination among both residents and tourists, encompasses roughly 1,450 acres (2.3 square miles) next to the San Diego Bay and San Diego International Airport (Downtown.
Research Poster-Exploring the Impact of Web Publishing Budgetary Information ...Open Data Research Network
A research poster presented as part of the Exploring the Emerging Impacts of Open Data in Developing Countries project at the Research Sharing Event in Berlin, 15th July 2014. For more see http://www.opendataresearch.org/emergingimpacts
Reinventing Journalism: Trends, Innovations and Unanswered QuestionsDamian Radcliffe
A round-up of some key recent developments in the world of journalism related to evolving and emerging business models. These slides outline changes in consumption and advertising, as well as innovations in content creation, consumption and distribution. Finally, it also explores whether our concepts of journalism need to evolve and how the sector might move forward.
Better Community Connections Through Big Data and AnalyticsSAP Analytics
http://spr.ly/AA_PublicSector - With in-memory computing and analytics tools, the City of Boston is providing better service to citizens and engaging more with the community.
-Bloomberg Businessweek Research
Similar to The importance of little data: creating an impact at a local level (20)
Moving Beyond Twitter/X and Facebook - Social Media for local news providersDamian Radcliffe
Slides from a workshop exploring "Moving Beyond Twitter/X and Facebook - Social Media for local news providers"
This presentation outlines social media habits in the US (and globally) and offers suggestions for how local newsrooms can tap into them.
The presentation features key data, user case studies and recommendations for new things to try out.
The presentation was part of the New York Press Association's 2024 spring conference.
https://nynewspapers.com/2024-nypa-spring-conference/
Slides from a workshop exploring "How is AI changing journalism?"
This presentation outlines how newsrooms have been using artificial intelligence (AI) for some time, and how the emergence of Generative AI is accelerating this usage. The presentation outlines use cases, key steps for implementation and some emerging areas and issues to keep an eye on.
The presentation was part of the New York Press Association's 2024 spring conference.
https://nynewspapers.com/2024-nypa-spring-conference/
Lessons from Community-Centered Journalism for Local Journalism ResearchDamian Radcliffe
Slides presented by Regina Lawrence - based on our research - at the 2024 Local Journalism Researchers’ Workshop, March 25-26, 2024 at Duke University. The presentation outlines key points from our research, including: why Community-Centered Journalism matters, the backdrop that it plays out against, and five key challenges for growing this journalistic practice.
After the sobering read seen in our 2022-23 report, this year’s World Press Trends study strikes a more cautiously optimistic note, with more than half of the respondents conveying a positive outlook about their companies’ business prospects for the foreseeable future.
This is despite publishers grappling with challenges on various fronts, including elevated inflation and interest rates, surging paper and printing expenses, continual shifts within advertising markets and audience behaviours, as well as wider geopolitical uncertainty reflected in conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East and elsewhere.
Meanwhile, wider strategic challenges such as the surge of Generative AI, changing relationships with platforms and continued challenges to press freedom and freedom of expression, also continue to vex many journalists and publishers.
In response, news publishers are inevitably looking closely at their revenue strategy, investment priorities, areas of focus, cost management, and their stance on areas such as AI and other technologies. We delve into these themes extensively within this report.
This report is primarily based on the findings of an online survey distributed to WAN-IFRA members and other senior media executives between July and September 2023, and was available in four languages (English, French, Spanish and German).
Survey participants were typically members of the senior team at a newspaper or a newspaper group. Based on the information provided by our respondents, a third (66%) are C-Suite (CEOs, Publishers, Managing Directors). A further third is either a Commercial Director/Heads of Strategy or Executive Editor.
We received 175 complete responses from 60 nations around the world. Using classifications developed by the World Bank, 58% of respondents come from developed economies and 42% from developing economies. Our sample also features a wide range of different countries with respondents coming from countries as diverse as Argentina, Canada, Russia, and Indonesia. They also came from some of the world’s largest media markets, including Germany, India, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
Through the data and insights that they provided, we are able to comprehend the attitudes of today’s industry leaders in a variety of business and editorial roles. Their observations, regarding the sector’s present and future, can be seen throughout this report.
As ever, we want to express our appreciation to everyone who participated in this annual survey. This report would not be possible without their contributions.
A huge thank you to all of our contributors: Damian Radcliffe, Dr. Francois Nel, and Teemu Henriksson. Last but not least, this report would not be possible without the support of our partner, Stibo DX.
Full CV/Resume as of March 2023, listing my previous experience, research and journalistic output, media mentions, speaking engagements and events/conferences that I have organized. (Produced for an academic audience, hence the length!)
Redefining News: A Manifesto for Community-Centered JournalismDamian Radcliffe
This forward-thinking report makes the case for embracing a more inclusive, community-focused model of journalism, one that prioritizes listening to and collaborating with communities to produce relevant, equitable and impactful news and storytelling. The report features an actionable framework to put the principles of Community-Centered Journalism into practice and explains how this approach differs from traditional models of journalism, with potential benefits including rebuilding trust, tackling inequities, and fostering civic engagement.
Building a Stronger Local Media Ecosystem: The Role of Media PolicyDamian Radcliffe
This paper plays out against a backdrop of continued closures and diminished local news reporting across much of the United States. It explores the role that media policy can and should play in supporting local journalism.
In examining this topic, we investigate three fundamental questions:
What is local media policy?
What are the key existential issues and/or problems local media policy must wrestle with?
What potential solutions to the local news crisis can media policy potentially help address?
The core of our response to these questions is derived from a series of five public webinars hosted by the Tow Center. Through these events, we invited a range of industry and academic experts to share their perspectives on areas related to these major themes.
Our conversations explored the scope of media policy, barriers to implementation, opportunities for policy to make a difference, and some of the unique characteristics that shape U.S. media policy and attitudes toward potential policy interventions.
To this, we have added further context and updates on some of the latest policy developments, based on a literature review and our continued interest in this subject.
The latest World Press Trends report shows that business sentiment in the industry has taken a downturn, in a context where multiple challenges face news publishers around the world. Yet there are causes for optimism, as revenue diversification progresses and publishers double down on new revenue sources and editorial products.
This year’s World Press Trends study makes for a sobering read after the optimism of our previous report. The mood in the industry has changed, and publishers find themselves in a more unpredictable business environment due to a number of challenges, including high levels of inflation, rising paper and print costs, as well as ongoing changes to advertising markets.
The change in business sentiment is one of the main findings of the new World Press Trends Outlook report. As in the previous years, the analysis is based on an online survey distributed to industry leaders. 167 news executives from 62 countries took part in the survey in Fall 2022 – a big thank you to them for sharing their insights, results and strategies.
WAN-IFRA also works with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and Zenith for key performance indicators (global revenues and circulation). For audience insights, we work with analytics specialist Chartbeat. World Press Trends is supported by Protecmedia, the content management provider.
Damian Radcliffe, longtime industry analyst, journalist and academic, authored most of the report, offering his analysis and context to the survey and emerging trends. Dr. Francois Nel, also a longtime analyst, well-known academic within our industry and longtime contributor to WPT, provided his analysis, contribution and data analysis of all our collected data. WAN-IFRA’s Andrew Heslop shared his analysis on our Press Freedom data, and WAN-IFRA’s Teemu Henriksson helped to coordinate the project along with Dean Roper.
Here is what makes up the core of the report:
Executive Summary
Methodology and Profile of Respondents
Chapter 1: Global snapshot of performance indicators
Chapter 2: Business Outlook
- Tougher times ahead
- Priming the profit pump
- Relationships with Platforms
- Digital Transformation
Chapter 3: Revenues
- Back in black
- Print’s continued importance
- Revenue diversification in practice
- A bumpier revenue road in 2023
- Ad advice Publishers, it’s all about controlling what you can control
Chapter 4: Investment and Expenditure
- Investing in Revenues
-Tech spending
- AI and publishers
- Costs and Outgoings
Report partner: How AI and automation solutions can impact newsrooms
Chapter 5: Media Freedom
Social Media in the Middle East 2022: A Year in ReviewDamian Radcliffe
Welcome to the latest annual study on Middle East Social Media Trends. This report, the eleventh in a series dating back to 2012, provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of social media in the Middle East. As the most comprehensive and up-to-date study of its kind, it is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the region's digital landscape.
In this report, we examine the most popular social media platforms and the ways in which people are using them. We explore the impact of social media on politics, business and culture in the region. Our findings will be of interest to anyone interested in how social media shapes the way we connect with one another, as well as the ways in which we consume and find information. These trends are relevant to marketers, journalists, brands and businesses, as well as government agencies and public bodies.
Over the past decade, the Middle East has seen a significant increase in social media adoption. Today, it boasts some of the highest penetration rates of social media in the world, making it a key market for platforms and businesses looking to engage with Arab audiences.
From staying in touch with friends and family to consuming news and entertainment, social media - as it is around the world - is an integral part of daily life in the region. Social media is also playing an increasingly important role in politics, with many politicians and activists using the platforms to connect with the public and mobilize support for their policies.
Damian Radcliffe is a journalist, researcher, and professor based at the University of Oregon.
He holds an endowed chair as the Carolyn S. Chambers Professor in Journalism, and he is also a Professor of Practice, an affiliate faculty member of the Department for Middle East and North Africa Studies (MENA) and the Agora Journalism Center, and a Research Associate of the Center for Science Communication Research (SCR).
Damian is also a three time Knight News Innovation Fellow at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, an Honorary Research Fellow at Cardiff University’s School of Journalism, Media and Culture Studies (JOMEC), and a life fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA).
In spring 2023 he will be a Visiting Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford, his alma matter.
With over 25 years of experience in the media industry, Damian has worked in editorial, strategic, research, policy and teaching roles in the USA, Middle East and UK. He continues to be an active journalist, writing regular features for leading trade publications such as Digital Content Next, International Journalists' Network (IJNet), What's New in Publishing, journalism.co.uk and other outlets.
He is a globally recognized expert on digital trends, social media, technology, the business of media, the evolution of present-day journalistic practice and the role played by media and technology in the Middle East.
As an analyst, researcher and trainer, he has worked with a wide range of industry and academic organizations including the BBC World Service, Facebook, FIPP, INMA, Thomson Reuters Foundation, World Association of News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) and the United Nations.
He has been quoted on issues relating to digital media and journalism by major outlets such as AFP, BBC, Business Insider, Editor & Publisher, NPR, The New York Times, Snapchat, Wired and Voice of America.
As a freelance journalist his work has also been published by leading publications and trade outlets such as the BBC, Columbia Journalism Review (CJR), Harvard’s Nieman Lab, HuffPost, PBS MediaShift, Poynter, TheMediaBriefing and ZDNet.
Originally from the UK, Damian lives on the west coast of the US with his wife and three young children.
The Most Popular Social Media Accounts in the Middle East (H1 2022)Damian Radcliffe
For the first time, this report brings together the most popular accounts originating in MENA on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
Each of these platforms is explored in more detail in this report, but below we outline the account with the largest number of followers, likes and subscribers, across MENA as well as the region's four biggest markets: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.
The report was made by possible by support from the New Media Academy and data from Emplifi. My thanks to them both.
From the Ground Up: How Community-Centered Journalism can Help Create a More ...Damian Radcliffe
A look at some of the key themes and ideas from an upcoming report on Community-Centered Journalism, commissioned by the Agora Journalism Center. Presented at a local journalism researchers workshop hosted at the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, on Feb 19th 2023.
Mental Health and Digital Safety Tips for Journalists.pptxDamian Radcliffe
Tips and recommendations for my Social Media for Journalists class (Fall 2022) at the University of Oregon. The deck includes tips for digital safety, self-care and mental well-being, as well as managing digital overload. It features links to resources and materials from DART, CPJ, Poynter and others.
This edition of WAN-IFRA’s annual flagship research and report reveals an industry challenged but optimistic about its business. It examines the results of publishers’ business in 2021, their forecasts for 2022 and beyond, and the trends and issues shaping the industry.
Our research shows news publishers feel confident about tackling the ongoing coronavirus crisis, and that some of their early pandemic-era pivots are beginning to pay dividends. However, publishers still need to navigate considerable transformation and turmoil, even if there are signs of a resurgence in global advertising markets and a maturing of many reader revenue strategies. The invasion of Ukraine has further undermined companies’ plans, as how that conflict will unfold can have long-lasting effects on industries across the board, in addition to the humanitarian crisis it is causing.
As in the previous years, the World Press Trends Outlook analysis is based on an online survey distributed to industry leaders. 162 news executives from 58 countries took part in the survey in Fall 2021 – a big thank you to them for sharing their insights, results and strategies.
In addition, WAN-IFRA works with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and ZenithOptimedia for key performance indicators (revenue, circulation and ad spend). For additional audience insights, we work with analytics specialist Chartbeat.
World Press Trends is supported by Protecmedia, the content management provider.
--
Per the report intro (page 4): "Damian Radcliffe, longtime industry analyst, journalist and academic, authored most of the report for the first time, offering his analysis and context to the survey and emerging trends. Dr. Francois Nel, also a longtime analyst, well-known academic within our industry and contributor to WPT, provided his analysis, contribution and data analysis of all our collected data. WAN-IFRA's Teemu Henriksson helped to coordinate the project along with Dean Roper."
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
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APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
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The importance of little data: creating an impact at a local level
1. The importance of little data: creating an impact at a local
level
Data journalism can have a real impact at a local level, argues Damian Radcliffe, and
although this type of reporting is less mainstream than it is nationally, examples and
opportunities for best practise do exist
Introduction
Data is everywhere. Big data. Little data. Hyperlocal data. The amount of information being
created – and increasingly published – about us and our environment is growing at an
exponential rate. Government agencies, as well as commercial companies such as retailors,
search engines and social networks, now generate – and have access to – substantial amounts of
valuable data about our behaviours, preferences and geographic locality. The implications of this
for citizens and consumers are considerable, but for journalists this volume of data generation is
a potential boon; creating opportunities for storytelling and public scrutiny at a level not
previously possible.
Typically, many of these data driven efforts have a strong international or national
dimension, with publications such as the Guardian and ProPublica being among the best exemplars
for investigations, visualisations and data originated content. Yet, at the same time, as a recent
University of Westminster project exploring media power and plurality has noted: ‘...it is at the
local level that the vast majority of citizens interact with hospitals, schools, transport systems, the
police and elected council representatives ’ (University of Westminster, ND).
As a result, the importance of both local journalism - and local data journalism - should
not be overlooked. After all, this type of reporting may provide more meaningful insights for the
day-to-day lives of readers than many of the stories covered by national media. However, in the
data space, the creation of in-depth localised content is not always easy to produce. Datasets are
generally smaller, potentially making the stories within them less obvious; and most local
newsrooms operate with considerably fewer resources than their national – and international –
counterparts. Both of these factors help explain why we tend to see less data journalism at the
local level; and why most of the analysis of this activity – from both academics and practitioners
– predominantly focuses on national data journalism efforts.
Nonetheless, when done well, the journalistic, public and civic value that local data
journalism can deliver is discernible. As a result, I hope that this type of data driven output
becomes more prevalent in the near future. With that objective in mind, this chapter contains a
number of short case studies – as well as several general principles – designed to help aid and
inspire J-School students, local journalists, community publishers and hyperlocal media
practitioners in making local data journalism a more mainstream reality.
2. 2
Hyperlocal data journalism: five case studies from the USA and UK
Much of the US media has well established local and regional roots. Therefore, it’s no surprise
that a number of American based websites have deployed data journalism to help tell the stories
of the local communities they serve. Historically this has primarily focussed on the use of public
statistics to help tell stories related to popular local news beats such as crime, public health and
education. This approach remains widespread, but increasingly we’re also seeing publishers
branching out into more sophisticated uses of data, as mapping, crowdsourcing and other
visualisation efforts become ever more common.
Bay Citizen Bike Tracker 1
In California, The Bay Citizen, a non-profit, non-partisan, member-supported news organisation
covering the San Francisco Bay area, successfully used public data to produce a potentially
lifesaving bike accident tracker. Published in 2011, their interactive microsite used five years of
data to show the location of bike accidents across the entire Bay area. In doing this, their map
harnessed information from 14,113 separate incidents that took place between January 2005 and
December 2009; enabling cyclists to determine the safest routes to use, and the ones to avoid.
Alongside the presentation of top-level accident findings, users of this service could also
filter the data by road conditions, lighting and other requirements such as ‘who is at fault’,
thereby producing a more nuanced look at the causes of these accidents. The site also enables
cyclists or motorists to submit their own crash data; an important addition to this data mix, as
the police only produce accident reports if an ambulance is called. According to Zusha Elinson,
one of the reporters on the project:
‘Our hope is that this, combined with statistics from the police, will provide a better idea of where and
why crashes are taking place,’ (Elinson, 2011).
Blogger and keen cyclist, Steven Vance, is just one person who was inspired by The Bay
Citizen’s approach and he used their model to produce a similar map for Chicago; charting the
4,931 bicycle crashes reported to the Illinois Department of Transportation in the City of
Chicago from 2007 to 2009, including 12 fatalities.2
Other areas where similar interactive services
have been created include Boston, London, Los Angeles, New York City and Seattle.
3. 3
Figure XX: Screenshot from the Bike Tracker. Source: http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/images/2011/2/bike-app-
ss/original/BIKE%20APP%20SS.jpg
San Jose Streetlight Shutoff Program
San Jose based NeighborWebSJ is also home to a range of data driven output. Although the site is
currently mothballed – with no new activity since May 2014 – it previously used digital maps to
report on the ‘Streetlight Shutoff Program’, a cost-saving initiative from City Hall that sought to
permanently switch off certain lights across the town. The proposal was part of a wider effort to
reduce the city’s USD$90m (STG£58m) budget shortfall, and was anticipated to reduce the
annual electric bill for streetlights by USD$77,000 (STG£50,000) against a total annual electric
bill for streetlights of USD$3.5m (STG£2.27m).
Despite the need for cost savings, many residents and businesses campaigned against the
scheme, arguing that it increased the risk of crime. On just one road, Alum Rock Avenue, a
resident complained that lights were out at 13 bus stops, thereby increasing the vulnerability of
passengers. In response to these community concerns, the website included a Google Map to
indicate where lights were out across the city, as well as information on how to contact the
authorities about this issue (Rombeck, ND a). This combination of reporting and community
facilitation helped to identify that some lights had been turned off by accident, while others were
turned back on again as a result of public pressure; including the bus stops on Alum Rock
Avenue. In February 2013 the city agreed to reconnect 900 of the streetlights that had been
previously shut off as part of the budget cuts in 2008 and 2009 (Rombeck, ND b).
Homicide Watch
4. 4
The team at NeighborWebSJ also produced a Google Map identifying all of the 2012 homicides in
San Jose, using data from police press releases, and links to other media.3
Crime reporting has
always been a journalistic staple, but the fusion of data with interactive online publishing tools
has taken it to the next level; even spawning its own genre with specialist homicide websites
springing up in a number of major US cities.
Of these, arguably the best known was Homicide Watch DC, which covered every murder
in the District of Columbia. Although the site closed on 31 December 2014, it had previously
spent the past four years blending data with ‘original reporting, court documents, social media,
and the help of victims’ and suspects’ friends, family, neighbours and others in an effort to
‘cover every homicide from crime to conviction’ (Homicide Watch, DC). It was awarded the
Knight Public Service Award by the Online News Association in 2012 (ONA, 2012) in
recognition of its efforts to explore a single issue in a single geographic area, and inspired a series
of copycat services such as Homicide Watch Trenton and Homicide Watch Chicago and The Counted, a
crowd sourced – more clearly data driven - project by the Guardian ‘working to count the number
of people killed by police and other law enforcement agencies in the United States throughout
2015, to monitor their demographics and to tell the stories of how they died’ (the Guardian, 2015).
Gritting routes in Bournville
That valuable sites like Homicide Watch DC – along with several others cited here – have closed
reflects the harsh economic reality that many media operations continue to face, especially at a
local level. Making journalism pay is a challenge for many publishers, even when they are clearly
delivering public value and content which informs communities; and that can make a difference.
There are few outlets that are immune to these pressures, although some hyperlocal websites,
particularly those run by volunteers, are not always impacted in the same way. Alongside original
content, these ultra-local channels can also help to generate value by taking information that is
already in the public domain and repurposing it so that it is more useful for local audiences. This
approach can be particularly useful for health, crime and transport data; with the latter
consistently being a key driver for local media consumption.
One person who recognised this potential is the UK academic and hyperlocal publisher
Dave Harte. In 2010 he produced a map of gritting routes for Bournville4
, taking publicly
available information but presenting it in a more user-friendly format. On his blog he explained
the ‘tedious process of creating the map and why this hyperlocal blogging thing is doomed to
failure unless we get a rich supply of local data to feed off’ (Harte, 2010). But despite this
tediousness, he also understood that such output could also be beneficial for his audience:
‘I thought the potential grit shortage might mean that some roads would stop getting gritted should the
cold spell continue and knowing which roads were meant to be gritted would be useful knowledge. “Will
my road get gritted?” is an easy question to answer since the City Council has an alphabetical list of all
the roads that are gritted in order of priority’ (ibid).
Later in the year, James Cousins, Conservative councillor for the Shaftesbury Ward in
Wandsworth, London, did something similar; plotting the location of all grit bins in the borough
5. 5
on a Google map and posting this on his blog5
. The data, previously only available in a text
format – and four clicks deep – on the council website, was now potentially a lot more accessible
and valuable to local audiences (Dale, 2011).
Figure xx: Dave Harte’s gritting map for Bournville.
Tackling accident black spots in Bramcote
Alongside presenting existing data in new and creative ways, hyperlocal and geographically
focussed community websites can also encourage the creation of new datasets; covering subjects
where existing data either does not exist, or it fails to provide the level of detail that communities
and local decision makers need. This type of crowdsourcing was manifest in NeighborWebSJ’s
response to San Jose’s Streetlight Shutoff Program, and also in the opportunity for audiences to
contribute to The Bay Citizen’s Bike Accident Tracker. It is an approach that was also manifest in
Bramcote Today’s response to online discussions about Hillside Road (Johnson, 2011a) – a
notorious accident black spot on the outskirts of Nottingham.
As a result of these online conversations, the county council installed equipment to
monitor the number and speed of vehicles, later sharing the results (Johnson, 2011b) with
Bramcote Today readers and involving them in a discussion around potential solutions; such as a
community speed watch scheme (Austin, 2011). A number of these measures were successfully
implemented.
This result was very much in line with the hyperlocal ethos of Talk About Local founder
William Perrin. His company had supported residents in Bramcote to create their own website,
and they’ve worked with other communities to produce similar outputs. A passionate advocate
for hyperlocal media and community journalism, Perrin has described his ambition to:
‘… use the web to drive people into local democratic avenues to get things to change.... [The websites are]
there to augment real human engagement in the political process. You need representatives to make
decisions ... but the web can help them understand better what those issues should be... we help augment
traditional community action’ (cited in Beckett, 2010).
6. 6
Data journalism: five tips, tricks and core considerations
As we have seen, data journalism – from the capturing of new data to the presentation of
existing information in new and creative ways – can provide communities with valuable content
that informs their day-to-day lives. Here are five areas for local journalists to reflect on, in order
to determine the best way to use data (if at all) in their work.
1. Is it right for you, both personally and in terms of the story?
Data Journalism is an increasingly high profile component of the journalist’s playbook; being
used as a tool for both storytelling and story gathering. But although data journalism can help to
deliver valuable output, it’s not always an easy area to engage with.
‘… you need to be a particular type of person. Politically, you need to be engaged and interested in local
government, understand how local government works and have a driving reason to dedicate yourself to it.
To have all these traits in combination is rare (Worthy, 2013).
Particular barriers pertinent – but not solely applicable – to local publishers include time;
skills; and the format in which the data is available (Wheeler, 2012). Time is a particularly
important consideration for hyperlocal publishers given that these sites are seldom run full-time
(many successful practitioners hold down separate day jobs). Meanwhile, journalists at many
local publications find themselves under increased pressure to produce an ever-greater volume of
stories on a daily/weekly basis. As a result, journalists and publishers may come to the
conclusion that they cannot cover everything (Jones, 2011) and that their limited time is better
served focusing on delivering content that is quicker (and often easier) to produce. Journalists
should, of course, not be adverse to hard work, but they also need to ask themselves if a data
driven approach is the right one and, if it is, how to use it effectively.
2. Can I use an “off-the-shelf” solution?
One way that local publishers can help to make things easier for themselves is by using off-the-
shelf resources – such as mySociety’s ‘FixMyStreet’ widget (www.fixmystreet.com) – to help
them produce data driven content. This online tool allows people to ‘report, view, or discuss
local problems like graffiti, fly tipping, broken paving slabs or street lighting’ and websites in the
UK and elsewhere have benefitted from this app and online plugin. Since it launched in early
February 2007, more than 700,000 incident reports6
have been generated through this service in
the UK alone, with MySociety reporting that over 50 per cent of users have never contacted their
local council before; showing that the tool can play a role in promoting active citizenship
(FixMyStreet, 2013) as well as being a fertile source for a variety of journalistic endeavours.
Some US hyperlocals use a similar tool, SeeClickFix (en.seeclickfix.com) to create
content and community action around issues that matter to their audience. The data captured by
these services can highlight problems, generate stories and promote discussion. It’s ‘an example
of community news that doesn't necessarily come packaged in story form’ (Gahran, 2012), but
one that nevertheless provides actionable insights into the concerns of local communities.
7. 7
3. Remember that data alone is not enough
Although tools like SeeClickFix and FixMyStreet – as well as public open data platforms – are
incredibly useful resources for journalists, they only do half a job. Data on its own doesn’t tell a
story: we still need journalists to decide how to arrange, analyse and visualise data, as well as
provide appropriate context and interpretation. These are important considerations for
publishers, and the initial failure of the EveryBlock – a US-based website which aggregated local
information produced by government and state agencies – merely reinforces this point. The site,
which offered a data-centric approach to hyperlocal, launched in 2008 and was bought by
MNBC in 2009. However, in February 2013, the site was closed after NBC decided that they
‘didn’t see a strategic fit for EveryBlock within the [NBC News Digital] portfolio’ (Schiller, cited
in Sonderman, 2013). In January 2014, with the EveryBlock brand and service now owned by
Comcast – following their acquisition of NBCUniversal - the site was relaunched in Chicago;
with Philadelphia following in late August (Wright 2014). Since then, Houston, Boston and
Denver have been added to this list of active operations.7
One of EveryBlock’s original problems, as Steve Johnson, Assistant Professor of
Electronic Journalism at Montclair State University, noted is that: ‘Readers don’t care about the
raw data. They want the story within the data’ (Johnson, 2013). To illustrate this, he explained
what happened when he explored data related to lower Manhattan:
‘There were reports on what graffiti the city said it had erased each month, by neighborhoods. But what
was missing was context, and photos. If I’m a reporter doing a story on graffiti, I want to show before
and after photos, AND, more importantly, I want to know whether the city is successfully fighting the
graffiti artists, i.e., who is winning. The raw data didn’t provide that’ (ibid).
This lack of context is, perhaps, one of the reasons why the site originally failed to
resonate sufficiently with audiences or advertisers to survive; and despite its recent resurrection
this sobering experience offers valuable lessons for publishers.
4. The value of networked journalism
To some extent, the EveryBlock team acknowledged the shortcomings of their data-first
approach when, in 2011, the site moved in a new direction, telling their audience:
‘As valuable as automated updates of crime, media mentions, and other EveryBlock news are,
contributions from your fellow neighbors are significantly more meaningful and useful. While we’re not
removing our existing aggregation of public records and other neighborhood information (more on this in a
bit), we’ve come to realize that human participation is essential, not only as a layer on top but as the
bedrock of the site, (Holovaty, 2011).
Prior to its 2014 revival by Comcast, this pivot was initially unsuccessful, highlighting the
importance – when producing community news and information – of involving and engaging the
community in this process from the outset. Techniques to do this include crowdsourcing
8. 8
information; and fact checking and tapping into the specific expertise of your audience, as the
Birmingham based UK website Help Me Investigate (hempmeinvestigate.com) did on a case-by-
case basis.
Working in this way may require a change of approach for some publishers. But, as
Professor Jeff Jarvis has argued:
‘Professional and amateur, journalist and citizen may now work together to gather and share more news
in more ways to more people than was ever possible before. Networked journalism is founded on a simple,
self-evident and self-interested truth: We can do more together than we can apart .… This, I believe, is
the natural state of media: two-way and collaborative’ (Jarvis, 2008).
5. Determine your approach on a case-by-case basis
Data Journalism may be in vogue at present, but its usage needs to be assessed like any other
potential editorial approach; with journalists determining if, when, and how, usage of data
journalism tools and techniques add value to the stories being told. This sentiment is just as
applicable in the local news and information space as it is when covering elections, reporting on
public spending, or holding national bodies to account. When used well, local media can harness
data driven journalism to inform audiences, support campaigns and garner fresh insights into the
concerns of their audiences.
In doing this, many publishers are making extensive use of maps and mapping tools,
embracing off-the-shelf widgets and capturing data that helps to inform their reporting and
campaigning. They are also increasingly presenting data in visually arresting ways – see, for
example, DNAinfo.com, New York’s use of maps and infographics to help demonstrate their
analysis of the city’s 2011 stop and frisk numbers (Colvin and Harris, 2012). In line with
audience preferences for more visual content, media companies are also creating more data
driven apps and microsites, providing a more detailed immersive experience into topics such as
bike accidents, expenditure by public bodies, or cuts to the public sector (Watt, 2010), than
might previously have been the case. That each story can be told in a different way is a valuable
reminder that not all journalism can be produced with boilerplates.
As Simon Rogers has argued, due to its nascent nature ‘data journalism is a great
leveller… many media groups are starting with as much prior knowledge and expertise as
someone hacking away from their bedroom’ (2012). This is particularly true in the ‘little data’
space where there is considerable scope for more data-led reporting, as well as increased levels of
innovation and creativity. Approaches to this should depend on a combination of the story being
told, the skills of the journalists involved, what audiences want/need, as well as the mediums
being used. As this paper shows there’s lots of potential ways to do this; it’s now up to local
publishers and journalists to make it happen.
Notes
1. Bay Citizen bicycle tracker is available at www.baycitizen.org/data/bikes/bike-accident-tracker
2. Steve Vance’s crash site is available at www.stevevance.net/crashportal/?page=bikecrash
9. 9
3. San Jose’s homicides map is available at www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=37.321732%2C-
121.875501&spn=0.171191%2C0.205865&hl=en&t=m&msa=0&source=embed&ie=U
TF8&mid=z41BAUCJvuoU.kSltz3XWQv30
4. Gritting routes for Bournville is available at www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?
mid=zFcpZs47iTHE.kpKEXjMO-pYw&hl=en
5. James Cousins’ grit bins map is available at http://jamescousins.com/2010/12/gritting-
wandsworth
6. A live counter of the total number of incident reports for the UK is available at
https://www.fixmystreet.com/
7. EveryBlock FAQ, http://www.everyblock.com/faq/, accessed 15 September 2015
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