IIUM : Islamic AQIDAH

1. THEIMPLICATION OFTAWHIDTHEIMPLICATION OFTAWHIDThe believer in tawhid surrenders himself completely to theThe believer in tawhid surrenders himself completely to the
will of Allah and becomes His true servant.will of Allah and becomes His true servant.
 Tawhid produces in the believer a high degree of self- respectTawhid produces in the believer a high degree of self- respect
and confident because he knows that he does not depend onand confident because he knows that he does not depend on
anyone else but only on Allah for the fulfillment of his needs.anyone else but only on Allah for the fulfillment of his needs.
Refer to al baqarah: 218Refer to al baqarah: 218
 It makes a believer humble and modest. He will never beIt makes a believer humble and modest. He will never be
arrogant and haughty because he is fully aware that everythingarrogant and haughty because he is fully aware that everything
on earth belongs to Allah. Refer to hud: 23.on earth belongs to Allah. Refer to hud: 23.
 It makes a believer dutiful and upright. Refer to al ‘Imran:It makes a believer dutiful and upright. Refer to al ‘Imran:
114.114.
 It also makes a believer contended.It also makes a believer contended.
 It makes a person brave and courage. Refer to al baqarah:It makes a person brave and courage. Refer to al baqarah:
277.277.
 It produces in a believer strong determination and patience.It produces in a believer strong determination and patience.
 It makes a person obey and observe Allah’s commands.It makes a person obey and observe Allah’s commands.

2. THE CONCEPT OF SHIRKTHE CONCEPT OF SHIRK
 The opposite concept of tawhid is shirk which meansThe opposite concept of tawhid is shirk which means
to join, to associate and to make partners.to join, to associate and to make partners.
 Allah promised to forgive all sins except for a violationAllah promised to forgive all sins except for a violation
of tawhid, that is shirk. Refer to 4: 48.of tawhid, that is shirk. Refer to 4: 48.
 Shirk defined by the Qur’an in several meanings:Shirk defined by the Qur’an in several meanings:
a)a) The tremendous sin. Refer to 4: 48The tremendous sin. Refer to 4: 48
b)b) The tremendous injustice. Refer to 31:13The tremendous injustice. Refer to 31:13
c)c) The great ignorance. Refer to 21:24The great ignorance. Refer to 21:24
d)d) The manifest error. Refer to 14:116The manifest error. Refer to 14:116
e)e) The great humiliation. Refer to7:152The great humiliation. Refer to7:152
f)f) Based on conjecture. Refer to 6:116Based on conjecture. Refer to 6:116
g)g) Mixes the truth with vanity. Refer to 3:71Mixes the truth with vanity. Refer to 3:71

3. a)a) Creates the love of the world. Refer to 2:96Creates the love of the world. Refer to 2:96
b)b) Closes the doors of paradise. Refer to 5:72Closes the doors of paradise. Refer to 5:72
c)c) Makes action vain. Refer to 6:88Makes action vain. Refer to 6:88
d)d) Turns people into the worst of created beings. Refer toTurns people into the worst of created beings. Refer to
98:698:6
e)e) Makes supplications unacceptable. Refer to 13:14Makes supplications unacceptable. Refer to 13:14

4.  Several factors which had deceived people and threwSeveral factors which had deceived people and threw
them in the shirk:them in the shirk:
i)i) The self-pride to get the absolute and unrestricted powersThe self-pride to get the absolute and unrestricted powers
of the world. Refer to 79: 24of the world. Refer to 79: 24
ii)ii) The proud of following their forefather’s religion. ReferThe proud of following their forefather’s religion. Refer
to 43: 23-24to 43: 23-24
iii)iii) To regard the righteous people among them as gods.To regard the righteous people among them as gods.
Refer to 3: 79-80Refer to 3: 79-80
iv)iv) To be servant of the wealth and worldly pursuits. Refer toTo be servant of the wealth and worldly pursuits. Refer to
34: 34-3734: 34-37
v)v) Denies the fate, the Revelations, Messengers, and day ofDenies the fate, the Revelations, Messengers, and day of
Judgment. Refer to 18: 105Judgment. Refer to 18: 105
vi)vi) To love other created things more than the love of Allah.To love other created things more than the love of Allah.
Refer to 16: 107.Refer to 16: 107.
vii)vii) To be subservient to the false gods which deviate themTo be subservient to the false gods which deviate them
from the right to the wrong path. Refer to 2: 257.from the right to the wrong path. Refer to 2: 257.

5. KUFRKUFR
 Linguistically, kufr means concealing, covering somethingLinguistically, kufr means concealing, covering something
or hiding the realities.or hiding the realities.
 Technically, kufr means the rejection of the truth afterTechnically, kufr means the rejection of the truth after
knowing it.knowing it.
 It refers to people who know the truth (the truth has beenIt refers to people who know the truth (the truth has been
manifest to them ) but they reject and oppose it.manifest to them ) but they reject and oppose it.
 So, kufr is the attribute of someone who rejects somethingSo, kufr is the attribute of someone who rejects something
that Allah has commanded him to believe in even thoughthat Allah has commanded him to believe in even though
the truth has been reached to him- whether he rejects it inthe truth has been reached to him- whether he rejects it in
his heart without uttering it, or he speaks those words ofhis heart without uttering it, or he speaks those words of
rejection without believing it in his heart, or he does both.rejection without believing it in his heart, or he does both.

6.  There are two types of kufr:There are two types of kufr:
1)1) The greater / major kufr (kufr al akbar)The greater / major kufr (kufr al akbar)
- It refers to disbelief and denial of iman/ tawhid and theIt refers to disbelief and denial of iman/ tawhid and the
laws of Allah.laws of Allah.
- It takes a person out of the religion.It takes a person out of the religion.
- There are six types of kufr al akbar:There are six types of kufr al akbar:
a) Denial of the truth (kufr al Inkar)a) Denial of the truth (kufr al Inkar)
 Sometimes it takes the form of disbelief in the heart, andSometimes it takes the form of disbelief in the heart, and
sometimes in the form of outward or apparent rejection.sometimes in the form of outward or apparent rejection.
 It applies to someone who denies the truth and God withIt applies to someone who denies the truth and God with
both heart and tongue.both heart and tongue.
 Refer to 29: 68 & 16: 83.Refer to 29: 68 & 16: 83.
b) Kufr out of arrogance and stubbornness (kufr al ‘inad).b) Kufr out of arrogance and stubbornness (kufr al ‘inad).
 It applies to someone who knows the truth and admits toIt applies to someone who knows the truth and admits to
knowing it with his tongue but refuses to accept it andknowing it with his tongue but refuses to accept it and
refrain from making a declaration.refrain from making a declaration.
 Refer to 2: 34 & 50: 24.Refer to 2: 34 & 50: 24.

7. cc) Kufr out of hypocrisy ( kufr al nifaq)) Kufr out of hypocrisy ( kufr al nifaq)
 It applies to someone who pretends to be a believer.It applies to someone who pretends to be a believer.
 He acknowledged Islam outwardly but at his heart he isHe acknowledged Islam outwardly but at his heart he is
not recognizing God.not recognizing God.
 Refer to 4: 145.Refer to 4: 145.
d) Kufr of aversion/ turning away from the truth (kufr ald) Kufr of aversion/ turning away from the truth (kufr al
I’radh)I’radh)
 It applies to those who turn away and avoid the truth.It applies to those who turn away and avoid the truth.
 Refer to 46: 3Refer to 46: 3
e) Kufr of doubtfulness/ uncertainty (kufr al shak)e) Kufr of doubtfulness/ uncertainty (kufr al shak)
 It refers to those who are doubt and lack of conviction inIt refers to those who are doubt and lack of conviction in
the six articles of faith.the six articles of faith.
 Refer to 18: 35-38.Refer to 18: 35-38.

8. f) Kufr out of rejection (kufr al juhud)f) Kufr out of rejection (kufr al juhud)
 It applies to someone who acknowledges the truth in hisIt applies to someone who acknowledges the truth in his
heart but rejects it with his tongue/ words.heart but rejects it with his tongue/ words.
 Refer to 27: 4.Refer to 27: 4.
2) The minor kufr (kufr al asghar)2) The minor kufr (kufr al asghar)
- It refers to ungratefulness of Allah’s favors and bountiesIt refers to ungratefulness of Allah’s favors and bounties
(kufr al ni’mah).(kufr al ni’mah).
- Refer to 16: 112.Refer to 16: 112.
 There are several elements of kufr:There are several elements of kufr:
 Showing the attitude of haughtiness/ arrogance.Showing the attitude of haughtiness/ arrogance.
 Mocking at Revelation.Mocking at Revelation.
 Contentiousness- plunge in dispute concerning God andContentiousness- plunge in dispute concerning God and
prophetic mission.prophetic mission.
 Ingratitude towards the bounties of God.Ingratitude towards the bounties of God.
 Blocking/ veiling the heart to accept the truth.Blocking/ veiling the heart to accept the truth.
 Trying to make haram thing into halal.Trying to make haram thing into halal.