3. After our lesson the learners are expected to:
a. recognize in which part of the story is
influenced by culture, history, environment
and other factors;
b. be familiar with some Philippine literary
pieces and the factors that may have
influenced them; and
c. explain how a selection may be influenced
by culture, history, environment, and other
factors;
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
6. One of the heroes in our local literature is
Bantugën (or Bantugan) from the epic called
Darangen. He is the celebrated warrior of the
Mëranaw (sometimes spelled as Maranao)
people, which is an ethnolinguistic group in the
Lanao province in Mindanao. Their name means
"people of the lake," where the lake refers to
Lake Lanao found in the central part of Lanao
del Sur.
BACKGROUND
7. Darangan, which is written in Maranao
(Maranaw) language narrates the heroic feats of
the Maguindanao people–highlighting the
bravery and prowess of the skilled Moro
warriors.
Darangan consists of several episodes, and three
of these have been translated and have grown
in popularity: Bantugan, Daramako-e Babay,
and Indarapatra and Sulayman. Bantugan is
fabled as “the ancestor of them all.”
BACKGROUND
8.
9. Direction. List down the words or phrases
from the stories that influenced by
culture, history and environmental
factors.
Example:
ENVIRONMENT
He traveled through forests and across
rivers and mountains and at last reached
the Kingdom-Between-two-Seas.
ACTIVITY 2: LIST DOWN
10. Activity 3: Identifying Factors
Direction. Read the text below
from short stories. Tell whether
these could be influenced by
culture, history, environment or
economic factors.
ACTIVITY 3
11. 1. Now, this rich man's servants were always frying
and cooking something good, and the aroma of the
food wafted down to us from the windows of the big
house.
2. Dodong thought to himself he would tell his
father about Teang when he got home, after he had
unhitched the carabao from the plow, and let it to
its shed and fed it. He was hesitant about saying it,
but he wanted his father to know. What he had to
say was of serious import as it would mark a
climacteric in his life.
ACTIVITY 3
12. 3. When the Americans recaptured the Philippines,
they built an air base a few miles from our barrio.
Yankee soldiers became a very common sight.
4. "I am afraid. He may not like me." "Does that
worry you still, Maria?" my brother Leon said.
"From the way you talk, he might be an ogre, for all
the world. Except when his leg that was wounded in
the Revolution is troubling him, Father is the
mildest-tempered, gentlest man I know."
ACTIVITY 3
13. 5. The sight of the Señora's flaccidly plump figure,
swathed in a loose waist-less housedress that came
down to her ankles, and the faint scent of agua de
colonia blended with kitchen spice, seemed to her
the essence of the comfortable world. and she
sighed thinking of the long walk home through the
mud, the baby's legs straddled to her waist, and
Inggo, her husband, waiting for her, his body
stinking of tuba and sweat, squatting on the floor,
clad only in his foul undergarments.
ACTIVITY 3
14. 6. When war was declared on 5 December 1941,
Rosa was 14 years old. Her mother's family all fled
to Bulacan to escape the Japanese troops landing in
Manila. While gathering wood, Rosa was snatched
by three Japanese soldiers. She survived the
incident because a farmer brought her home to
recover. Two years after, an even more unfortunate
incident happened to Rosa while she was passing a
Japanese checkpoint with members of the guerilla
movement.
ACTIVITY 3
15. 8. What I always say and think about the poor is
this: the poor are about more than their poverty.
Poverty is awful and dehumanizing, but it's what
people do and how they act at a given disadvantage
that I find interesting and even inspiring as a
person and as an author, not the overwhelming
odds themselves. I'll leave the objective analysis of
poverty to the social scientists and its alleviation to
the activists, my job as a fictionist is to see and
employ it as another means to understand why we
do the things we do.
ACTIVITY 3
16. 9. New Yorker in Tondo is a play about a run-of-
the-mill girl from Tondo named Kikay She visited
New York and returned a very different person. Her
new attitude, mannerisms, outfits, and ideas stun
her family and friends. This causes emotional
unrest between all of them. She convinces her mom,
Aling Atang, to change into what looks like a high-
society matrona and insists everyone call her mom.
ACTIVITY 3
17. 10. The life of Maria Rosa Henson or "Lola Rosa"
classically depicts the cruelty of poverty and
powerlessness. In her autobiography, Lola Rosa,
survivor of Japanese war atrocity, leads the readers
to visit her life through the book with her own
illustrations and vivid descriptions of people and
events long gone. Her story begins as the daughter
of the landlord's illiterate mistress, Julia. Rosa's
mother, Julia, is the eldest of the children who
began her working life as Don Pepe Henson's
housemaid, despite her protestations.
ACTIVITY 3
