This document summarizes key findings from the 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study, which examined consumer attitudes in 6 countries. 3 key findings:
1) Consumers in emerging markets (Brazil, China, India) expressed much higher economic optimism than developed markets (US, Canada, Australia) and were more open to credit spending.
2) Loyalty programs had twice as much influence on purchase decisions in emerging vs developed markets.
3) Definitions of loyalty varied by culture, but recommending brands to others was universally seen as loyal behavior. Programs should reward word-of-mouth referrals.
This document discusses trends in customer loyalty in retail banking globally. Key points include:
- Customers are conducting over 50% of banking interactions through digital channels like mobile apps and websites in most countries surveyed. Mobile is the most used channel.
- "Omnichannel" customers who use both digital and physical channels have higher loyalty and purchase more products than customers relying on a single channel.
- However, over 1/3 of customers purchased a new banking product from a competitor in the past year, showing potential for banks to improve sales through digital channels.
1) The document discusses trends in customer data sharing and expectations. It finds that while customers are sharing more data than ever, they also expect better experiences and value in return for their data.
2) Customers see different types of data as having different values. Contact information and online behaviors are typically seen as more valuable than lifestyle or demographic data. However, individuals assign different monetary values to their own data.
3) Many customers feel there is too much data collection but continue sharing large amounts of personal information. Providing explanations for why data is needed can increase customers' willingness to share.
Read· Coombs and Holladay, Managing Corporate Social Responsibil.docxcargillfilberto
Read
· Coombs and Holladay, Managing Corporate Social Responsibility, pages 1-49 and 153-163.
· Jacquelyn Smith, Forbes Staff (2014).
The Companies With the Best CSR ReputationsLinks to an external site.
· Jurate Banyte and Agne Gadeikiene (2013). “Long-term Relationships between Consumer and Socially Responsible Company: The Effect of Consumer’s Support for CSR,” International Journal of Management Cases, 15:2, 153-168.
· John Paluszek, “
Transforming Communication/Corporate Social Responsibility,Links to an external site.” including three-minute video, 2014.
Watch
· “
Harvard's Michael Porter Tell Us How Business Can Win Back Its' Reputation,Links to an external site.” CSR For Forbes.com.
· “
Corporate Social Responsibility is an Investment in the Future: Markus Conrad, Tchibo chairmanLinks to an external site..”
·
Patagonia Corporate Responsibility.Links to an external site.
·
Video debate with Robert Reich and David Vogel on CSR.Links to an external site.
Assignments
· CSR Report – Analyze a Fortune 500 multi-national company’s most recent social responsibility report. Prepare an approximately 1000-word analysis that 1) identifies CSR issues important to the company, 2) describes the company’s CSR philosophy and approach, 3) explains strategies used by the company in addressing CSR issues, and 4) analyzes the company’s approach to CSR in the context of CSR concepts discussed in Coombs and Holladay. Post your analysis on the Discussion Board.
FIGURE 10.1 Contemporary economic development often follows a similar pattern around the world, best
described as a growing gap between the haves and have-nots. (Credit: Alicia Nijdam/Wikimedia Commons)
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER OUTLINE
10.1 Global Stratification and Classification
10.2 Global Wealth and Poverty
10.3 Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification
The April 24, 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza in Dhaka, Bangladesh that killed over 1,100
people, was the deadliest garment factory accident in history, and it was preventable (International Labour
Organization, Department of Communication 2014).
In addition to garment factories employing about 5,000 people, the building contained a bank, apartments,
childcare facilities, and a variety of shops. Many of these closed the day before the collapse when cracks were
discovered in the building walls. When some of the garment workers refused to enter the building, they were
threatened with the loss of a month’s pay. Most were young women, aged twenty or younger. They typically
worked over thirteen hours a day, with two days off each month. For this work, they took home between twelve
and twenty-two cents an hour, or $10.56 to $12.48 a week. Without that pay, most would have been unable to
feed their children. In contrast, the U.S. federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour, and workers receive wages at
time-and-a-half rates for work in excess of for.
The document is a report on the Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census 2014. It finds that the number of billionaires globally reached a record high of 2,325 in 2014, a 7% rise from the previous year. The total wealth of billionaires also increased to $7.3 trillion, up 12% from 2013. The report provides insights into the typical billionaire, including their average age, primary business activities, education levels, career paths, philanthropic activities, and social networks. It also analyzes geographical trends, identifying the top 40 billionaire countries and 20 cities and profiling 17 major billionaire hubs worldwide. The report forecasts that the global billionaire population will surpass 3,800 by 2020, reflecting continued
Expository Essay: Examples and Tips of a Proper Writing That Will Be .... How To Write An Expository Essay (7 Best Tips). An Expert Guide to Create an Expository Essay Outline. How To Write An Expository Essay in 6 Steps | CustomEssayMeister.com. How to Write an Expository Essay Outline [Structure] - PapersOwl.com. What is an Expository Essay? Ultimate Guide. How to Write an Expository Essay. How to Create Expository Essay Outline.
Banking on Change - Breaking the Barriers to Financial InclusionDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses barriers to financial inclusion for billions of people globally. It identifies common barriers such as lack of financial literacy, gender and age discrimination, low and unpredictable income, lack of suitable banking products, geographic distance from banks, and restrictive national policies. These barriers are self-perpetuating as they have led banks to focus on more profitable client segments, leaving poor communities isolated from formal banking. The Banking on Change partnership aims to address this challenge by linking savings groups to formal bank accounts, and has already reached over 500,000 savings group members in just three years.
The document discusses barriers to financial inclusion for billions of people globally. It introduces the Banking on Change partnership between Barclays, CARE International UK, and Plan UK, which aims to break down barriers preventing poor people from accessing formal financial services. The partnership has linked informal village savings groups to formal banking, reaching over 500,000 people in three years. The document argues that facilitating links between community savings groups and banks could boost domestic savings and economic growth, while improving lives and representing a new model for development cooperation.
This document discusses trends in customer loyalty in retail banking globally. Key points include:
- Customers are conducting over 50% of banking interactions through digital channels like mobile apps and websites in most countries surveyed. Mobile is the most used channel.
- "Omnichannel" customers who use both digital and physical channels have higher loyalty and purchase more products than customers relying on a single channel.
- However, over 1/3 of customers purchased a new banking product from a competitor in the past year, showing potential for banks to improve sales through digital channels.
1) The document discusses trends in customer data sharing and expectations. It finds that while customers are sharing more data than ever, they also expect better experiences and value in return for their data.
2) Customers see different types of data as having different values. Contact information and online behaviors are typically seen as more valuable than lifestyle or demographic data. However, individuals assign different monetary values to their own data.
3) Many customers feel there is too much data collection but continue sharing large amounts of personal information. Providing explanations for why data is needed can increase customers' willingness to share.
Read· Coombs and Holladay, Managing Corporate Social Responsibil.docxcargillfilberto
Read
· Coombs and Holladay, Managing Corporate Social Responsibility, pages 1-49 and 153-163.
· Jacquelyn Smith, Forbes Staff (2014).
The Companies With the Best CSR ReputationsLinks to an external site.
· Jurate Banyte and Agne Gadeikiene (2013). “Long-term Relationships between Consumer and Socially Responsible Company: The Effect of Consumer’s Support for CSR,” International Journal of Management Cases, 15:2, 153-168.
· John Paluszek, “
Transforming Communication/Corporate Social Responsibility,Links to an external site.” including three-minute video, 2014.
Watch
· “
Harvard's Michael Porter Tell Us How Business Can Win Back Its' Reputation,Links to an external site.” CSR For Forbes.com.
· “
Corporate Social Responsibility is an Investment in the Future: Markus Conrad, Tchibo chairmanLinks to an external site..”
·
Patagonia Corporate Responsibility.Links to an external site.
·
Video debate with Robert Reich and David Vogel on CSR.Links to an external site.
Assignments
· CSR Report – Analyze a Fortune 500 multi-national company’s most recent social responsibility report. Prepare an approximately 1000-word analysis that 1) identifies CSR issues important to the company, 2) describes the company’s CSR philosophy and approach, 3) explains strategies used by the company in addressing CSR issues, and 4) analyzes the company’s approach to CSR in the context of CSR concepts discussed in Coombs and Holladay. Post your analysis on the Discussion Board.
FIGURE 10.1 Contemporary economic development often follows a similar pattern around the world, best
described as a growing gap between the haves and have-nots. (Credit: Alicia Nijdam/Wikimedia Commons)
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER OUTLINE
10.1 Global Stratification and Classification
10.2 Global Wealth and Poverty
10.3 Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification
The April 24, 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza in Dhaka, Bangladesh that killed over 1,100
people, was the deadliest garment factory accident in history, and it was preventable (International Labour
Organization, Department of Communication 2014).
In addition to garment factories employing about 5,000 people, the building contained a bank, apartments,
childcare facilities, and a variety of shops. Many of these closed the day before the collapse when cracks were
discovered in the building walls. When some of the garment workers refused to enter the building, they were
threatened with the loss of a month’s pay. Most were young women, aged twenty or younger. They typically
worked over thirteen hours a day, with two days off each month. For this work, they took home between twelve
and twenty-two cents an hour, or $10.56 to $12.48 a week. Without that pay, most would have been unable to
feed their children. In contrast, the U.S. federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour, and workers receive wages at
time-and-a-half rates for work in excess of for.
The document is a report on the Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census 2014. It finds that the number of billionaires globally reached a record high of 2,325 in 2014, a 7% rise from the previous year. The total wealth of billionaires also increased to $7.3 trillion, up 12% from 2013. The report provides insights into the typical billionaire, including their average age, primary business activities, education levels, career paths, philanthropic activities, and social networks. It also analyzes geographical trends, identifying the top 40 billionaire countries and 20 cities and profiling 17 major billionaire hubs worldwide. The report forecasts that the global billionaire population will surpass 3,800 by 2020, reflecting continued
Expository Essay: Examples and Tips of a Proper Writing That Will Be .... How To Write An Expository Essay (7 Best Tips). An Expert Guide to Create an Expository Essay Outline. How To Write An Expository Essay in 6 Steps | CustomEssayMeister.com. How to Write an Expository Essay Outline [Structure] - PapersOwl.com. What is an Expository Essay? Ultimate Guide. How to Write an Expository Essay. How to Create Expository Essay Outline.
Banking on Change - Breaking the Barriers to Financial InclusionDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses barriers to financial inclusion for billions of people globally. It identifies common barriers such as lack of financial literacy, gender and age discrimination, low and unpredictable income, lack of suitable banking products, geographic distance from banks, and restrictive national policies. These barriers are self-perpetuating as they have led banks to focus on more profitable client segments, leaving poor communities isolated from formal banking. The Banking on Change partnership aims to address this challenge by linking savings groups to formal bank accounts, and has already reached over 500,000 savings group members in just three years.
The document discusses barriers to financial inclusion for billions of people globally. It introduces the Banking on Change partnership between Barclays, CARE International UK, and Plan UK, which aims to break down barriers preventing poor people from accessing formal financial services. The partnership has linked informal village savings groups to formal banking, reaching over 500,000 people in three years. The document argues that facilitating links between community savings groups and banks could boost domestic savings and economic growth, while improving lives and representing a new model for development cooperation.
Functionalism theory views society as a structure made up of interrelated systems that work together to maintain social order and achieve societal goals. It sees economic stratification and inequality as inevitable and beneficial aspects of this social structure. According to this perspective, inequality arises due to differences in skills and contributions of individuals to socially important roles, and helps ensure that the most functionally important positions are filled by the most qualified people. A comparison of economic indicators like GDP, inflation rates, and mortality rates between the U.K. and Dominican Republic provides evidence that wealth concentrates in nations with stronger economic institutions and development strategies, while poorer nations with traditional modes of production tend to have lower growth and human development outcomes.
Globalization Of Microfinance Banca Regional AndinoShuvabrata Nandi
The document analyzes the potential for a common banking platform between three microfinance institutions in Latin America - BancoSol in Bolivia, Mibanco in Peru, and BSE in Ecuador. It finds that while the institutions share a common philosophy, their operations and financial profiles differ substantially. A common platform could provide some efficiencies but also risks reducing competitiveness and increasing mission drift. A full merger faces even more challenges around regulatory hurdles and political risk in the different countries. Overall, the document cautions that both collaboration and consolidation in microfinance require careful management to balance social and financial objectives.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
The Brazil Opportunity: A Guide for Marketers Karen Sanchez
The document provides an overview and guidance for marketers on opportunities in Brazil. It discusses Brazil's growing middle class and expanding consumer spending power, presenting opportunities for international brands. While Brazil's economy has slowed, consumers remain optimistic and the population is young. The World Cup in 2014 and Olympics in 2016 will drive further momentum. To succeed, marketers must understand Brazilian culture, join social circles, adapt flexibly to challenges, and persevere through hurdles of the complex market.
This document summarizes a World Bank policy research working paper that examines the relationship between financial development, property rights, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper finds that financial deepening is associated with lower poverty through different channels depending on the strength of property rights in a country. When property rights are weak, wider access to savings instruments is linked to reduced poverty, while increased credit benefits the richest. Only when property rights strengthen does greater access to credit become associated with lower poverty levels. The paper uses data from 37 sub-Saharan African countries from 1992 to 2006 to reach these conclusions.
The document discusses the effects of globalization on communication and youth. It notes that while globalization has connected the world and increased opportunities, it has also negatively impacted many youth by failing to provide economic opportunities. Specifically, it has changed the job market in ways that have displaced many low-skilled jobs. It has also led to increased migration among youth both within and between countries in search of opportunities. Additionally, globalization has spread Western media and consumerism among youth globally but some youth have been unable to attain raised expectations. It concludes by arguing ways to address youth unemployment and migration through developing opportunities in home countries.
Consumer Wealth and Spending: The $12 Trillion Opportunity (2012)Melih ÖZCANLI
The document discusses a study on global consumer spending patterns from 1990 to 2020. It finds that consumer spending will increase by $12 trillion globally by 2020, with the United States accounting for 25% of growth. Consumer behavior is predictable based on a country's wealth and can be categorized into four groups - Basic, Emerging, Escalating, and Established. Spending patterns are consistent globally rather than influenced by geographic or cultural borders. The study aims to help companies understand changing consumer demands in different markets.
This document summarizes a study on credit demand and credit rationing in the informal financial sector in Uganda. It finds that while Uganda has experienced strong economic growth and declining poverty rates since the 1990s, access to formal credit remains limited for most Ugandans. As a result, the poor primarily rely on the informal financial sector for loans. The study uses household survey data to analyze factors that influence credit demand and credit rationing. It finds that expected returns, loan terms, borrower characteristics like relationships with lenders, reputation, and wealth influence whether borrowers receive their full requested loan amounts or are partially or fully denied credit. Understanding these factors could help improve credit access for the poor.
This document provides an overview of Islamic microfinance, including:
1. Islamic microfinance has grown significantly in recent decades but remains a small portion of the overall Islamic banking industry, which has grown to over $2 trillion in assets globally.
2. Key countries and institutions in Islamic microfinance include Bangladesh, where the first Islamic bank in South Asia was established, and Pakistan, where entire banking sectors have converted to Islamic principles.
3. Islamic microfinance holds promise to increase access to financial services for those reluctant to engage with conventional financing due to religious reasons, but also faces challenges in balancing business and social objectives.
This document discusses issues that have arisen with microfinance. It begins by noting that microfinance was once widely praised and seen as an effective solution to poverty, with organizations like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh receiving accolades. However, in recent years some microfinance institutions have faced significant problems. Some MFIs have become publicly traded companies and charge very high interest rates, while not always using the profits to help the poor. There have also been reports of microcredit-related suicides in India. The rapid growth and increasing commercialization of microfinance has led to doubts about whether it truly reduces poverty or is sustainable without charging poor borrowers very high rates.
This document discusses issues that have arisen with microfinance. It begins by noting that microfinance was once widely praised and seen as an effective solution to poverty, with Mohammad Yunus winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his work establishing microcredit programs. However, in recent years some microfinance institutions have faced significant problems. Some MFIs have become publicly traded companies and charge very high interest rates, while not all loans are going towards poverty alleviation as many claimed. Some borrowers have faced difficulties repaying loans, with over 80 suicides in India linked to microcredit repayments. There is now more skepticism about whether microfinance is as effective at reducing poverty as originally believed.
A new study by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) explores how internationally mobile wealthy individuals (IMWIs) view issues like asset allocation, investment objectives, wealth transfer, philanthropy, and retirement. The EIU surveyed 300 IMWIs who have $1 million or more in investable assets and live outside their home country more than half the time. The study found that the majority of IMWIs are self-made, most frequently citing income from work as a professional, entrepreneur, or executive. The majority left their home countries for a higher quality of life or family reasons rather than purely business interests. IMWIs take a global view of investing, with income coming from their country of residence or a third
Passage to India: 7 insights into India's changing consumer marketBrand Genetics
A series of macro insights into India's consumer market.
Given recent elections, there is optimism that a more business friendly government can help the country fulfil its economic potential. As new opportunities start to open up, this document outlines opportunities and challenges for brands.
'Passage to India' completes our series on the BRICs: documents are also available on Brazil, Russia and China
Rubicoin aims to engage Generation Y in investing through a new mobile app. While unemployment and poverty concerns dominate Generation Y's minds, Rubicoin sees an opportunity to help them prepare for retirement. The document provides recommendations for Rubicoin to target 18-30 year olds on social media and launch the app at a campus event benefiting cancer research. It cites sources finding Generation Y values technology and authentic brands, showing Rubicoin's strategy aligns with their priorities.
Impact of microfinance and entrepreneurship on poverty alleviation does natio...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between microfinance, entrepreneurship, national culture, and poverty alleviation. It provides definitions of key concepts and reviews literature on both the positive and negative impacts of microfinance on poverty. While some studies found microfinance effectively reduces poverty, others found it mainly benefits the non-poor. The document argues entrepreneurial skills are necessary for the poor to benefit, and these skills may be influenced by national culture values.
#TimeToCare (India Supplement) | Oxfam IndiaOxfam India
With growing inequality, it has become pertinent to address the ever-growing gap between the rich and the poor. Over the last decade, academics, policymakers and multilateral institutions have been striving to draw attention to the growing importance of the subject of shared prosperity. https://www.oxfamindia.org/workingpaper/timetocare-india-supplement
An evaluation of microfinance services on poverty alleviation in kisii county...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on the impact of microfinance services on poverty alleviation in Kisii County, Kenya. The study found that the four variables considered (credit facilities, personal savings, training services, and insurance) explained the effects of microfinance institutions on poverty alleviation in the county. Credit facilities had the highest impact, followed by personal savings, training services, and insurance. The study recommends empowering microfinance institutions in the county by providing finances for loans to residents and undertaking regular training on financial management to build capacity. While microfinance has helped many, some question whether it has proven effective at reducing poverty levels due to a lack of data.
PREDICTING REGULAR SAVING BEHAVIOR OF THE POOR USING DECISION TREES – AN IMPO...SCHOLEDGE R&D CENTER
Microfinance in India is a rapidly growing industry, focusing however, only on the credit side of finance without an adequate emphasis on Microsavings. There are multi-pronged efforts underway to bring the poor under the ambit of the financial system. Financial literacy efforts are also pursued by NGOs to make the poor understand the importance of savings in their lives. 125 million new bank accounts have been opened as of February 2015 under the new scheme of the government of India, 72% of which show zero balances. Having a savings account is only a first step in the financial inclusion efforts. Getting people to save requires a combination of financial literacy, hand holding and discipline aimed specifically at those who may not save regularly, left to themselves. Towards this end it is important to identify the regular saving potential among the poor. This study has developed a predictive model using decision trees to group the poor into potential regular and non-regular savers. The study was based on survey research administered to 700 respondents in Tamil Nadu, South India. The decision tree is able to predict with 90% accuracy, the regular saving potential among the poor. The paper has strong implications for banks, NGOs and others concerned with microsavings, financial inclusion and financial literacy. Categorizing the poor into potential regular and non-regular savers can enable target group specific efforts which can have symbiotically benefitting outcomes to the poor and the institution.
FeedBack Market Research is a fast growing mid-sized market research organization in the MENA region. Through our offices in UAE, Egypt and KSA, teams and partners, we currently conduct research in more than 20 countries across the region.
This newsletter is being designed with the objective of engaging with clients and keeping them informed of latest events in the marketplace. Hope it makes for interesting reading.
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The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
Functionalism theory views society as a structure made up of interrelated systems that work together to maintain social order and achieve societal goals. It sees economic stratification and inequality as inevitable and beneficial aspects of this social structure. According to this perspective, inequality arises due to differences in skills and contributions of individuals to socially important roles, and helps ensure that the most functionally important positions are filled by the most qualified people. A comparison of economic indicators like GDP, inflation rates, and mortality rates between the U.K. and Dominican Republic provides evidence that wealth concentrates in nations with stronger economic institutions and development strategies, while poorer nations with traditional modes of production tend to have lower growth and human development outcomes.
Globalization Of Microfinance Banca Regional AndinoShuvabrata Nandi
The document analyzes the potential for a common banking platform between three microfinance institutions in Latin America - BancoSol in Bolivia, Mibanco in Peru, and BSE in Ecuador. It finds that while the institutions share a common philosophy, their operations and financial profiles differ substantially. A common platform could provide some efficiencies but also risks reducing competitiveness and increasing mission drift. A full merger faces even more challenges around regulatory hurdles and political risk in the different countries. Overall, the document cautions that both collaboration and consolidation in microfinance require careful management to balance social and financial objectives.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
The Brazil Opportunity: A Guide for Marketers Karen Sanchez
The document provides an overview and guidance for marketers on opportunities in Brazil. It discusses Brazil's growing middle class and expanding consumer spending power, presenting opportunities for international brands. While Brazil's economy has slowed, consumers remain optimistic and the population is young. The World Cup in 2014 and Olympics in 2016 will drive further momentum. To succeed, marketers must understand Brazilian culture, join social circles, adapt flexibly to challenges, and persevere through hurdles of the complex market.
This document summarizes a World Bank policy research working paper that examines the relationship between financial development, property rights, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper finds that financial deepening is associated with lower poverty through different channels depending on the strength of property rights in a country. When property rights are weak, wider access to savings instruments is linked to reduced poverty, while increased credit benefits the richest. Only when property rights strengthen does greater access to credit become associated with lower poverty levels. The paper uses data from 37 sub-Saharan African countries from 1992 to 2006 to reach these conclusions.
The document discusses the effects of globalization on communication and youth. It notes that while globalization has connected the world and increased opportunities, it has also negatively impacted many youth by failing to provide economic opportunities. Specifically, it has changed the job market in ways that have displaced many low-skilled jobs. It has also led to increased migration among youth both within and between countries in search of opportunities. Additionally, globalization has spread Western media and consumerism among youth globally but some youth have been unable to attain raised expectations. It concludes by arguing ways to address youth unemployment and migration through developing opportunities in home countries.
Consumer Wealth and Spending: The $12 Trillion Opportunity (2012)Melih ÖZCANLI
The document discusses a study on global consumer spending patterns from 1990 to 2020. It finds that consumer spending will increase by $12 trillion globally by 2020, with the United States accounting for 25% of growth. Consumer behavior is predictable based on a country's wealth and can be categorized into four groups - Basic, Emerging, Escalating, and Established. Spending patterns are consistent globally rather than influenced by geographic or cultural borders. The study aims to help companies understand changing consumer demands in different markets.
This document summarizes a study on credit demand and credit rationing in the informal financial sector in Uganda. It finds that while Uganda has experienced strong economic growth and declining poverty rates since the 1990s, access to formal credit remains limited for most Ugandans. As a result, the poor primarily rely on the informal financial sector for loans. The study uses household survey data to analyze factors that influence credit demand and credit rationing. It finds that expected returns, loan terms, borrower characteristics like relationships with lenders, reputation, and wealth influence whether borrowers receive their full requested loan amounts or are partially or fully denied credit. Understanding these factors could help improve credit access for the poor.
This document provides an overview of Islamic microfinance, including:
1. Islamic microfinance has grown significantly in recent decades but remains a small portion of the overall Islamic banking industry, which has grown to over $2 trillion in assets globally.
2. Key countries and institutions in Islamic microfinance include Bangladesh, where the first Islamic bank in South Asia was established, and Pakistan, where entire banking sectors have converted to Islamic principles.
3. Islamic microfinance holds promise to increase access to financial services for those reluctant to engage with conventional financing due to religious reasons, but also faces challenges in balancing business and social objectives.
This document discusses issues that have arisen with microfinance. It begins by noting that microfinance was once widely praised and seen as an effective solution to poverty, with organizations like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh receiving accolades. However, in recent years some microfinance institutions have faced significant problems. Some MFIs have become publicly traded companies and charge very high interest rates, while not always using the profits to help the poor. There have also been reports of microcredit-related suicides in India. The rapid growth and increasing commercialization of microfinance has led to doubts about whether it truly reduces poverty or is sustainable without charging poor borrowers very high rates.
This document discusses issues that have arisen with microfinance. It begins by noting that microfinance was once widely praised and seen as an effective solution to poverty, with Mohammad Yunus winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his work establishing microcredit programs. However, in recent years some microfinance institutions have faced significant problems. Some MFIs have become publicly traded companies and charge very high interest rates, while not all loans are going towards poverty alleviation as many claimed. Some borrowers have faced difficulties repaying loans, with over 80 suicides in India linked to microcredit repayments. There is now more skepticism about whether microfinance is as effective at reducing poverty as originally believed.
A new study by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) explores how internationally mobile wealthy individuals (IMWIs) view issues like asset allocation, investment objectives, wealth transfer, philanthropy, and retirement. The EIU surveyed 300 IMWIs who have $1 million or more in investable assets and live outside their home country more than half the time. The study found that the majority of IMWIs are self-made, most frequently citing income from work as a professional, entrepreneur, or executive. The majority left their home countries for a higher quality of life or family reasons rather than purely business interests. IMWIs take a global view of investing, with income coming from their country of residence or a third
Passage to India: 7 insights into India's changing consumer marketBrand Genetics
A series of macro insights into India's consumer market.
Given recent elections, there is optimism that a more business friendly government can help the country fulfil its economic potential. As new opportunities start to open up, this document outlines opportunities and challenges for brands.
'Passage to India' completes our series on the BRICs: documents are also available on Brazil, Russia and China
Rubicoin aims to engage Generation Y in investing through a new mobile app. While unemployment and poverty concerns dominate Generation Y's minds, Rubicoin sees an opportunity to help them prepare for retirement. The document provides recommendations for Rubicoin to target 18-30 year olds on social media and launch the app at a campus event benefiting cancer research. It cites sources finding Generation Y values technology and authentic brands, showing Rubicoin's strategy aligns with their priorities.
Impact of microfinance and entrepreneurship on poverty alleviation does natio...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between microfinance, entrepreneurship, national culture, and poverty alleviation. It provides definitions of key concepts and reviews literature on both the positive and negative impacts of microfinance on poverty. While some studies found microfinance effectively reduces poverty, others found it mainly benefits the non-poor. The document argues entrepreneurial skills are necessary for the poor to benefit, and these skills may be influenced by national culture values.
#TimeToCare (India Supplement) | Oxfam IndiaOxfam India
With growing inequality, it has become pertinent to address the ever-growing gap between the rich and the poor. Over the last decade, academics, policymakers and multilateral institutions have been striving to draw attention to the growing importance of the subject of shared prosperity. https://www.oxfamindia.org/workingpaper/timetocare-india-supplement
An evaluation of microfinance services on poverty alleviation in kisii county...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on the impact of microfinance services on poverty alleviation in Kisii County, Kenya. The study found that the four variables considered (credit facilities, personal savings, training services, and insurance) explained the effects of microfinance institutions on poverty alleviation in the county. Credit facilities had the highest impact, followed by personal savings, training services, and insurance. The study recommends empowering microfinance institutions in the county by providing finances for loans to residents and undertaking regular training on financial management to build capacity. While microfinance has helped many, some question whether it has proven effective at reducing poverty levels due to a lack of data.
PREDICTING REGULAR SAVING BEHAVIOR OF THE POOR USING DECISION TREES – AN IMPO...SCHOLEDGE R&D CENTER
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1. OCTOBER 2011
The Global Loyalty Compass
The 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
Part 1 of 3: A Worldwide Overview
Kelly Hlavinka Managing Partner, COLLOQUY
Jim Sullivan Partner, COLLOQUY
sponsored by
2. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 1
The Global Loyalty Compass
The 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
The 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
examines consumer attitudes and perceptions about
loyalty in three developed economies: Canada, Australia
and the U.S.; and three emerging economies: Brazil,
China and India. The first of its kind, this study uncovers
profound differences in these consumer environments,
and has clear implications about how practitioners
should think about loyalty. Because of the wide-ranging
scope of the research, the material is being made Introduction
available in three companion white papers:
When today’s airline pilots point their mega-liners overseas, they use the same instrument that
• This paper, “The Global Loyalty Compass,” compares Christopher Columbus relied on to search for a secret route to India: the compass. It’s one of the
developed and emerging markets oldest navigational tools, indispensable for pointing out true north and guiding explorers safely
on course.
• “The Rules of Engagement: Loyalty in the U.S. and
Canada” examines loyalty challenges and opportuni- Like the mariners of old, today’s loyalty practitioners are seeking the navigational tool that will
ties in these two countries and provides tracking data allow them to discover new lands and opportunities, such as those in the BRICS countries of Brazil,
related to our previous research on consumer attitudes Russia, India, China and South Africa—and to re-map old territories, by steering through challenges
and perceptions about loyalty in developed countries like the United States and Canada. To create a guiding tool, we conducted
• “Differences in the Global Village” studies attitudes
the 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study, the first of its kind, to compare several emerging
and behavior in emerging countries, and launches and developed economies. Whether you’re a multinational corporation planning to expand your
COLLOQUY’s more detailed coverage of Brazil, China global reach, or a local company aiming to revitalize your domestic program, the consumer attitudes
and India and perspectives from this landmark research will guide you toward your goal.
The 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study examines the attitudes of consumers in six
countries: what we defined as emerging economies (Brazil, China and India), and developed
economies (Australia, Canada and the U.S.). The results have implications for how practitioners
should be thinking about loyalty, leveraging programs, and even understanding how loyalty is
defined in these markets. No matter what your goal, the Global Loyalty Compass revealed in these
study findings will keep you pointed in the right direction.
3. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 2
I: Setting a Heading for Overseas Opportunities
Emerging markets present a tempting new trade route for any company, especially those exploring
business opportunities in the BRICS nations. As we see in Exhibit 1, the middle class in emerging
countries is slated to more than double in the next 30 years, according to a 2007 World Bank study,
growing from 7% to 16% of the world population. At that point, the emerging middle class will number
1.3 billion, more than three times the current population of the United States.
Rich 12.6% Rich 21.3%
Exhibit 1
A Burgeoning Global Middle Class
Middle 7% Income growth will increase the size of
Class the middle class in proportion to the world
Poor 80.3% Middle 16% population
Class
The middle class population will expand
1.33B significantly from 2000 to 2030
Poor 62.7%
+ 900MM Source: Source: World Bank (2007)
• Uses World Bank definitions of “poor” (with incomes below
$4,000 in 2000 international dollars), “middle class” ($4,000-
17,000) and “rich” (above $17,000)
• Projected growth roughly equates to adding three additional
U.S. populations to the “middle classes” in the global economy
430M
Middle 7% Middle 16%
Class Class
2000 2030 2000 2030
There is a clear opportunity for well-established brands from developed nations to flourish in
emerging countries, as shoppers there report that these are the brands they prefer and trust. An
average 35% of shoppers in emerging nations welcome foreign brands, saying they “strongly agree”
Exhibit 2 43% that competition from foreign companies is a good thing. In particular,
Acceptance of Foreign Brands Chinese respondents were almost five times more likely than Americans
to agree with this statement. In stark contrast, only about 7% of
Consumers in emerging countries
are much more accepting of consumers in developed countries felt that foreign competition was
competition from foreign countries 30% positive, as shown in Exhibit 2.
28%
In general, all consumers show a higher level of trust for brands from
5x
more developed countries. This stands out in China, where 9 out of 10
consumers say that global brands are more trustworthy than domestic
ones. Consumers in Brazil and India were happier with their own domestic
brands than the Chinese, but not nearly as much as consumers in
9% 8% developed economies. There, consumers are over twice as likely to trust
6%
their own brands versus ones from other countries.
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR This means that established global brands have a keen opportunity with
MEAN 5.5 5.8 5.3 7.1 8.0 6.4
consumers in the emerging economies. With a loyalty strategy that’s
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement. well thought-out from the outset, they can not only invite initial trial
“Competition from foreign companies is a good thing.” Please use the scale from 1 to 10,
where 1 means “strongly disagree” and 10 means “strongly agree.” and purchase, but also lay a sound foundation for strong on-going
• Results indicate Top 2 Box proportions for those who “Strongly Agree” and mean score.
n = 4,414 relationships.
4. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 3
71%
Exhibit 3
Optimism for the Coming Decade
Consumers in emerging countries II: The Great Rift
express economic optimism at
47%
a level 2-4 times higher than 2-4x When it comes to big-picture issues like the economy and the future, a
those in developed countries
sizeable gap divides consumer perceptions in the two economies.
34%
Consumers in emerging countries can be characterized by the “Three E’s”:
they are Energetic, Engaged, and Enthusiastic. In contrast, consumers in
17% 18% developed countries can be summed up by the “Three T’s”: they are Tired,
12%
Turned Off and Tuned Out. Indicators of this rift in attitude include:
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR • Economic outlook: When asked if economic prospects for themselves
6.2 6.4 5.9 7.5 7.9 8.8
MEAN
and their families would improve in the next ten years, consumers in
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement. emerging economies expressed optimism at levels two to four times
“I am confident that my/ my family’s economic prospects will improve over the
next ten years.” Please use the scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “strongly higher than those in more developed markets. As we see in Exhibit 3,
disagree” and 10 means “strongly agree.”
• Results indicate Top 2 Box proportions for those who “Strongly Agree” and
mean score. n = 4,414 the divide is significant, with Brazilians the most confident about their
economic future, and the developed nations closely grouped at the
20% lowest levels of optimism.
Exhibit 4 19%
Optimism and Credit Use • Credit card use: Consumers in emerging economies are five times more
17%
Consumers in emerging countries
likely to use credit “for things you can’t afford right now” than those in
share higher economic optimism developed markets. Exhibit 4 illustrates that consumers in developed
and are more open to credit
countries express a clear spending bias toward status spending and
card spending “for things you 5x
can’t afford right now” luxury brands.
• Special treatment: Shoppers in emerging markets are three times
more likely to say that they expect special services, perks and
privileges from the experience, as referenced in Exhibit 5.
4%
3% 3% Clearly, this gap is significant when it comes to higher levels of
optimism and engaged shopping behavior in emerging markets, and
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR this has powerful implications for loyalty program design and
MEAN 3.2 3.3 3.4 6.2 6.1 4.5
management.
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement.
“Using a credit card to pay for things you can’t afford right now is okay.” Please
use the scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “strongly disagree” and 10 means
“strongly agree.”
• Results indicate Top 2 Box proportions for those who “Strongly Agree” and mean
score. n = 4,414
43%
Exhibit 5
Optimism and Special Service
In emerging countries, a much
greater percentage of shoppers
define themselves as “expecting
special service”
25%
24%
3x
11%
9% 9%
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR
MEAN 5.1 5.4 5.6 6.9 7.0 7.3
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: How well does each of the following statements describe you when it comes to
how you feel about shopping? “I expect the salesperson to give me special service.”
Please use the scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “does not describe me at all” and 10
means “describes me completely.”
• Results indicate Top 2 Box proportions of those who selected “Describes me
completely” and mean score. n = 4,414
5. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 4
The clearest impact of this optimism rift is the potential for understanding how much loyalty programs
seem to influence consumer decisions about which companies to purchase from. Of consumers in China,
India and Brazil, an average of 29% say that it pays to be loyal to favored brands, while only 11% of
those in the U.S., Australia and Canada agree. Similarly, shoppers in emerging countries are twice as
likely to say that a rewards program influences what companies they do business with. As we see in
Exhibit 6, this finding reveals a tremendous opportunity in these emerging countries.
32% Exhibit 6
Influence of Reward Programs
28%
27% Loyalty programs’ influence on the purchaser
is greater in emerging countries than in
developed countries
2x
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Overall, how much do the rewards programs you
belong to influence your decision about where you
make a purchase? Please use the scale from 1 to 10,
17% where 1 means “not at all influential” and 10 means
“extremely influential.” Please select one response
15% only.
• Results indicate Top 2 Box proportion. Results are for
rewards program members only and SEC A/B in
emerging countries. n = 2,636
12%
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR
MEAN 6.4 6.0 6.1 7.0 7.8 6.5
As a result, opening your doors for business in a BRICS or other emerging country doesn’t just mean
choosing a location, analyzing what products or services you will offer, deciding how to staff, and
building call centers. Consumers in emerging economies are saying they are ready for high levels of
engagement with the companies they do business with. Companies that consider their customer
loyalty strategy from the outset of operations in these new regions will be best prepared to enjoy a
real payoff in customer retention and advocacy.
6. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 5
III: Mapping the Different Definitions of Loyalty
Building an effective program must begin with understanding how consumers define loyalty. We
discovered that this varies from country to country, which has profound implications for practitioners:
Obviously a program that drives high engagement levels in one market won’t necessarily transplant
effectively to another without some tweaks or perhaps major changes.
Let’s start by looking at perceptions of what loyalty isn’t. Experienced program managers and mar -
keters already know that customers attracted by sales and discounts aren’t exhibiting true loyalty. And
as we see in Exhibit 7, customers across the globe agree. Shopping at a store “only if there are deals
or sales” was ranked lowest in the study by respondents in all countries as a mark of loyal behavior.
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR Exhibit 7
What Loyal Behavior Looks Like
Sta Quality 1 1 3 2 6 3
Cultural nuances affect consumer
Willingness to Recommend 2 2 1 1 4 1 definitions of loyalty.
Non Price-Conscious 3 3 4 6 2 5
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Below is a list of different customer experiences
Years/Tenure with Retailer 4 4 2 3 1 2 with a fictitious company called ‘Company X’. Please
read each experience and indicate for each how loyal
you think that customer is to ‘Company X’. Please use
a scale from 1 to 25 where 1 means “not at all loyal”
Familiar Store Layout 5 5 5 7 3 6 and 25 means “very loyal.” You can pick any number
from 1 to 25 for each experience, but cannot use the
same number twice. n = 4,414
Personal Service 6 6 6 4 5 4 • Results indicate rankings for each statement by country.
Share of Spend with Retailer 7 7 7 8 7 8
Location Proximity 8 8 8 5 8 7
Sales Shopper 9 9 9 9 9 9
But the definition of what loyalty is falls under the nuances of cultural context. The closest we
come to a universal consumer definition of loyal behavior is “telling friends and family to shop”
at a particular store, with customers in every country except China ranking that as either #1 or #2
on what constitutes “loyal” behavior. With referrals ranked this highly, any program should be
looking at embedding recognition benefits and rewards for word-of-mouth behavior.
Respondents from China, in contrast, say that “shopping at Company X for over three years” is the
top indicator of loyalty. That should spark consideration around rewarding for tenure, not a very
common strategy for programs in developed countries. A creative example is a contest held by
China’s Merchants Bank, which raffled off usage rights to a new Mini. The longer members had been
a customer with CMB, the more valuable the award. And for winners, if they had been with the
program for three years, they won use of the car for three years; those with the program for five
years won usage rights for five years.
7. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 10.11 | PAGE 6
87% Exhibit 8
Major Cross-Cultural Differences
Primary Choice: A Tool for Reaching Goals and Dreams Views of what money means to consumers in
Next-Highest Choice emerging countries
64%
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: People have different beliefs about money. Which
of the following statements is most true for you?
Please select one response only. “Money is a tool that
when used effectively will help you reach your goals
and dreams”; “Money is power, the more you have the
more important you are”; “Money is for spending and
enjoying. Buying things makes me happy and credit
cards ease my limitation”; “Money is security; the more
you have saved the better you are, it’s best not to
spend”; “Money is an unpleasant necessity; I try not to
worry about it, I can worry about money matters later.”
• Results indicate first and second most selected
31% statements by emerging country. n = 1,653
29%
22%
5%
Power Enjoyment Security
India China Brazil
Another major cultural difference emerges when we examine perceptions of money, as illustrated in
Exhibit 8. For example, the majority of respondents in each of the emerging economies selected “money
is a tool for reaching my goals and dreams.” But a nearly equal percentage in India selected money as
a source of power and status, suggesting an important role for loyalty program tiers and recognition
benefits. In China, a significant portion of respondents view money for “spending and enjoying,”
pointing toward loyalty messaging around how rewards and benefits can help members lead a more
enjoyable life.
Clearly there are important differences in consumer attitudes that should shape our loyalty strategies
as we embark on new business in emerging economies. Understanding the attitudinal differences of
customers from country to country will drive program design and maximize its relevance in each
culture.
8. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 02.11 | PAGE 7
IV: Setting Sail – A Five-Point Checklist
Our findings on customer perceptions and attitudes about loyalty from a mix of developed and
emerging economies lead us to several recommendations. These aren’t just guideposts for overseas
expansion – they can also set standards and map courses for loyalty programs at home.
Exhibit 9 Privacy concerns are widespread
Privacy Concerns As shown in Exhibit 9, Brazilians expressed the highest level of privacy worries – with
68%
Brazilians are the most concerned; Indians and Chinese
68% responding that they are “extremely concerned” (Top 2 Box) about protecting
are also concerned — but to a lesser degree their personal information, compared to 41% of Indians. Chinese respondents
are the least worried, at 33% – perhaps not surprising given the history of high
52% 51%
49% government involvement under communism. In developed countries, the rate
of concern was at 50%. The fact that there isn’t a large divide by country on this
41%
issue, with anywhere from a third to nearly two-thirds of customers expressing
33% privacy concerns, demands a new level of transparency from programs.
Case in point: eBay, one of the top-ten “2010 Most Trusted Companies for
Privacy” as cited in a Poneman Institute study, is recognized by its customers by
having a tight, comprehensive, and yet understandable privacy policy. They lay
out everything they do in an organized, searchable outline on the “My eBay”
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR section of their website, and give customers latitude to chose how and when they
MEAN 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.3 7.7 8.4 want to be contacted. Further, the company provides a series of short tutorials
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
on how to protect users’ identity, recognize various scams, and learn more
• Q: Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following about data security and privacy protection. eBay is recognized as having made
statement. “I am concerned about the privacy and protection of my personal
information.” Please use the scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “strongly disagree”
and 10 means “strongly agree.” privacy protection a core operating principle internally, as well. The company
• Results indicate Top 2 box results for those who “strongly agree.” n = 4,414
provides employees with extensive orientation and training, reinforcing its
commitment to privacy leadership.
Exhibit 10
Reliance on Word-of-Mouth (WOM) Word-of-mouth (WOM) is growing
We know that the influence of “trialogue” – conversation between brands, their
8 customers, and the customer’s network of friends and family – is growing in
7
developed economies, aided by the broadcast and network effects of social and
US
CA digital media. Respondents in the developed economies indicated that
AU 6
IN
recommendations from trusted friends and family are particularly important
CH
5 before making purchases in dining and travel. Word-of-mouth is even more
BR
highly ranked in emerging countries: Consumers in India, China and Brazil rely
4
on conversations with friends, family and colleagues before buying in virtually
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all categories, including financial services, travel and clothing. So, effective
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loyalty worldwide now means cultivating word-of-mouth and involving
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Au
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customers in the process of sharing information.
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Please indicate how important conversations with friends, family or colleagues Case in point: China Merchants Bank (CMB) partnered with social networking
are to you when deciding what company to purchase from/ use in the following
categories. Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “not at all important”
and 10 means “very important.”
company RenRen to issue a credit card that combines social, mobile and location
• Results show mean summary on 10-point scale for those who indicated that they services. When cardholders “check in,” they receive promotional information from
purchase products in those categories. n = 4,414
CMB’s merchant partners, along with program incentives.
9. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 02.11 | PAGE 8
Exhibit 11 You must have mobile
Engagement with Electronic Media 64% In developed countries, 8% of consumers are eager to engage with loyalty
Members in emerging countries are far more
programs via their mobile
engaged with channels of electronic media phones. Of course, this number is growing daily, as loyalty marketers in the U.S.
48% and Canada experiment with new apps and mobile transaction options. But
44%
that’s just a sprinkling of raindrops compared to the swelling flood of overseas
39%
mobile usage.
Swapping information with other members
via social networking sites
Exhibit 11 illustrates how critically important mobile is in China, India and Brazil,
Reading or responding to reward program 27%
o ers you receive via cell phone and how highly engaged those mobile users are with their loyalty programs.
18% Engaging customers via mobile is table stakes for customer communications in
emerging countries, and marketers must enter these markets ready to connect
9% 8% 8% on this level.
5% 5% 6%
Case in point: Vivo is the largest mobile phone service provider in South America,
U.S. CANADA AUSTRALIA INDIA CHINA BRAZIL
with over 60 million users. One way in which Vivo has leveraged its mobile capa-
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: How active are you in each of the following? 10 pt scale where 1 is “Not at all
bility is creating an app with the Brazilian national soccer team that allows fans
active” and 10 is “extremely active”; Not sure; Never done it before. Please
select one response for each statement. to watch live games, see team rosters and standings, and access such exclusive
• Results indicate Top 3 Box “Extremely Active.” Results are for SEC A/B only.
Significant differences in bold. n = 2,636 content as pictures and interviews with coaches and players.
All customers have dreams
Exhibit 12
Benefits centered around status and exclusivity remain appealing to those in
Preferences for Aspirational Benefits
developed economies, with about 14% of respondents saying they seek
Consumers in emerging countries prefer 39%
38% “rewards that allow you to dream.” Such “wish list” rewards are even more
aspirational rewards
highly desired in emerging markets, where shoppers are 2.5 times more likely
to look for these aspirational benefits, as seen in Exhibit 12. These consumers
28% yearn for status and experiential rewards.
2.5x The lower rates in developed countries point to an interesting insight – we
know that consumers in those countries also want to dream, so why is this
ranking comparatively low? The answer is that in more highly-developed
14% 14% markets, consumer desires are more complex. Aspirational benefits are table
13%
stakes in these markets, and “dreaming” goals won’t fully engage members
unless they are creative and varied enough to remain relevant.
In emerging economies, particularly Brazil and China, the need to include
U.S. CA AU IN CH BR inspired experiential benefits should not be overlooked. A mix of experiences
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
that allow customers to dream and indulge in memorable moments and more
• Q: Please indicate how important each of the following factors are, or would
be, in your decision to join a rewards program (assuming one was available
attainable “everyday” experiences is the path to success.
to you). “Offers rewards that allow you to dream.” Please use the scale from
1 to 10, where 1 means “not at all important” and 10 means “very important.”
• Results indicate Top 2 Box selections for members and those willing to
Case in point: Multiplus, a coalition program in Brazil, offers a wide range of
participate in the future. Results are for SEC A/B in emerging countries.
n = 3,397 experiential activities that include learning to brew beer or driving a Ferrari.
But dreaming isn’t limited to fantasy vacations. Multiplus redemption options
also include a variety of educational and self-help benefits, including financial
consulting, English class tuition and professional training.
10. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 02.11 | PAGE 9
Exhibit 13 Everyone wants special treatment
Desire for “Soft” Benefits 52% Consumers in all surveyed countries say that perks, privileges and recognition
Across all countries, it’s nice to be recognized
benefits matter to them. When study respondents were asked if “special perks
42%
and benefits” are important, Top 2 box responses ranged from 25% of
O ers “special/preferential” treatment Canadians to 52% of Brazilians. This range closely correlates to similar ratings
37% 38%
O ers special perks/benefits
of the importance of preferential treatment. So, delivering access to special
31% privileges is a critical soft benefit that can’t be overlooked in any program – as
29%
26% 27% 26% demonstrated in Exhibit 13.
25% 25%
21%
Case in point: Tanishq is a jewelry retailer in India that emphasizes recognition
and special treatment. Its Anuttara program rewards and recognizes customers
with rewards points, but also with special care and evaluations for older jewelry,
new jewelry previews, factory visits and group celebration events.
U.S. CANADA AUSTRALIA INDIA CHINA BRAZIL
Source: 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study
• Q: Please indicate how important each of the following factors are, or would
be, in your decision to join a rewards program (assuming one was available to
you). “Offers special or preferential treatment to its members” and “Offers
other special perks and benefits (beyond the rewards you can redeem for).”
Please use the scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “not at all important” and 10
means “very important.”
• Results indicate Top 2 Box selections for members and those willing to
participate in the future. Results are for SEC A/B in emerging countries.
n = 3,397
In Conclusion: Set a True Course
Like the distant Asian countries that defined the spice trade when Columbus set sail, today’s BRICS
nations hold both mystery and great promise for marketers. Likewise, marketers in developed nations
may feel a bit lost by plateauing levels of program engagement. But there is no longer any mystery
about what customers want from their loyalty programs. These insights from consumers in emerging
and developed nations will guide companies in the right direction, whether exploring new markets or
expanding horizons at home.
This data reveals the need for companies to augment their overseas strategy beyond just brick-
and-mortar plans, or staff, hiring and inventory decisions. Incorporating these insights about customer
perceptions and attitudes can help you win customer hearts and minds instead of just claiming new
square footage. Our global compass will point you toward engaging customers from the outset of
your relationship with a strong mix of recognition benefits and rewards.
11. COLLOQUY.COM | COLLOQUYtalk | 02.11 | PAGE 10
Appendix:
Methodology
The 2011 COLLOQUY Cross-Cultural Loyalty Study was fielded via an online survey during July 2011.
Approximately 1,000 responses were collected in both the U.S. and Canada, while a minimum of 500
responses were collected in Australia, China, India and Brazil. The online survey was run in English
in all countries, but also translated to French in Canada, Simplified Chinese in China, and Portuguese
in Brazil.
Respondents in the emerging economies of China, India and Brazil were further classified by socio-
economic class A, B and C. COLLOQUY collected a minimum of 300 responses for SEC A/B and 200
responses for SEC C in each of the emerging countries studied.
Surveyed Total Sample Demographic Segment
United States n = 1100 General Population + Affluent, Young Adults, Seniors
Canada n = 1151 General Population + Affluent, Young Adults, Seniors
Australia n = 510 General Population Only
India n = 508 SEC Classes A, B, and C Only
China n = 627 SEC Classes A, B, and C Only
Brazil n = 518 SEC Classes A, B, and C Only