My keynote slide deck for the ENEL Innovation Community MeetUp. Recorded session here: in Italian, English and Spanish https://echannel.enel.com/livePages/innovation-communities-meetup-with from minute 2h-38'

1. @pieroleo
Pietro Leo
Executive Architect - IBM Italy CTO for Artificial Intelligence
Chief Scientist for IBM Italy Research & Business
IBM Academy of Technology Leadership
Member of ISO/SC42 Artificial Intelligence Standardization Committee
The future of AI & ML in
Cognitive Discovery
IBM Italy Research
& Business Unit

2. @pieroleo
How relevant is
Artificial
Intelligence for
the business
and research,
today?

3. @pieroleo
www.mckinsey.comVenture Scanner

4. @pieroleo
It is a fact that it is one of the
main innovation drivers for
business and industry
transformations
Artificial
Intelligence
(for Business & Science)
New Use Cases / New Theories / New Knowledge

5. @pieroleo
BUSINESS
PROBLEMS
Cloud, hybrid cloud &
on premise
Infrastructure
Data
Applications &
Processes
Traditional Algorithms
COMPUTING
DATA
BUSINESS
LOGIC
Artificial
Intelligence is
emerging as a
new enterprise
platform layer to
move and
speedup business
IT Applications
and Processes to
a new level
Artificial Intelligence /
Cognitive
Internal Use Only
AI positioning in the Enterprise IT context

6. @pieroleo
Cloud Public/Dedicate and Private
Infrastructure
A highly scalable, security enabled infrastructure
that run on a cloud environments
Data
Tools to acquire, manage, analyze, govern and exchange all kinds of data generated within
the Enterprise as well as gathered form outside
Artificial Intelligence / Cognitive
A set of building blocks that complement traditional computer programming models with the
goal to close applications behavior to human language (spoken, written, visual) and
reasoning
Applications & Processes
All applications and processes that run the enterprise, both horizontal, common to a number
of industries, and Vertical, specific for a given industry
On-Premise Infrastructure
The computing infrastructure that
runs inside a company data center
Traditional Algorithms
A set of languages, middleware, and products to write enterprise software programs
Transitional DataUnstructured Data IoT Data
COMPUTING
DATA
BUSINESS
LOGIC
BUSINESS
PROBLEMS
AI positioning in the Enterprise IT context

7. @pieroleo
Artificial Intelligence
has multiple forms:
it is augmenting
decision making
and is opening to
new forms of
collaboration
between humans
and machines

8. @pieroleo
TOOL
COACH
COLLABORATOR
ACTIVE
MEDIATOR
AI present and future forms
Number of Use Cases
Today
ASSISTANT

9. @pieroleo
AI present and future forms
TOOL
COACH
COLLABORATOR
ACTIVE
MEDIATOR
ASSISTANT
Today

10. @pieroleo
10
Kind of problems where Artificial Intelligence is generating a relevant
business impact

11. @pieroleo
IBM Shoebox Understands 16 words
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,
nine, minus, plus, subtotal, total, false, and off.

12. @pieroleo
IBM Shoebox
Understands
16 words
’60
IBM Speech
Server Series -
Word Recognition
Error Rates -
About 45%-50%
’80
IBM Via Voice –
Error rates 10%-
15% voice
dependent
’00
’90
Understands
20000 words
Today
Error Rate
Around
5%-6%
As good as
humans
Speech
Recognition

13. @pieroleo
Source: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1608/1608.07323.pdf

14. @pieroleo
14
Source: IBM Research Food Recognition - https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2017/05/training-watson-see-whats-plate

15. @pieroleo
15
r - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.00563.pdf
“a blue boat is sitting on the side of a building” “a person holding a giraffe in their hand”
Rennie, Marcheret, Mroueh, Ross & Goel, “Self-Critical Sequence Trainingfor Image Captioning.” CVPR 2017

16. @pieroleo
16

17. @pieroleo
Assistant: Finding the right cancer molecular profiles

18. @pieroleo
AI present and future forms
TOOL
COACH
COLLABORATOR
ACTIVE
MEDIATOR
ASSISTANT
New Forms

19. @pieroleo
AI Learns the Art of Debate
Source: http://www.research.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence/project-debater/
• Detecting claims in relevant
documents
• Detecting evidence in relevant
documents
• Negating claims
• Synthesizing novel claims
• Assessing argumentation quality
• Relating arguments across texts
• Determining expert opinion stance
• Classifying sentiment of phrases
• Classifying sentiment of idioms
• Understanding Automatic Speech
Recognition
• Predicting phrase breaks
• Emphasizing words and phrases
• Determining concept abstractness
• Identifying related documents
• Detecting argumentative
structures
Challenge: “We should subsidize
space exploration”
Solution Pipeline

20. @pieroleo
Not conventional languages: Collaborating to generate new chemical
hypothesis
Source: Free IBM Research tool here
https://rxn.res.ibm.com/
Draw molecules with ketcher Imagine your favorite
molecules and
reactions just a click
away
Assistance for daily research and
Organic Chemistry grade
preparation
Predict organic chemical reactions with 80% of accuracy

21. @pieroleo
Outright Bans Informing Citizens Active Vehicles

22. @pieroleo
Source: Shaun Sweeney and others
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.00646.pdf
IBM Research & University College Dublin
Cyber-
physics,
pollution
mitigation,
and electric
bikes
A cyber-physical system that mitigates the effect
of urban pollution by indirectly controlling the
minute ventilation (volume of air inhaled per
minute) of cyclists in polluted areas.
Active e-bike

23. @pieroleo
Two Pacific Place in downtown Hong Kong
Cyber-physics: AI and ML to Reduce
Energy Use in Cooling Systems
Electricity consumption incurred on
average 30% lower than the
current mode of operation in the
building (green curve).
• Season
• Age of chiller
• Weather Condition
• Outdoor
Temperature
• Model Type
• Building
• Operating Power
• Water Mass Flow
Rate
• Water Temperature
Difference
• Latest Cooling
Load
Features
Source: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2018/07/reduce-energy-
cooling/
Active Building

24. @pieroleo
Artificial
Intelligence vs
algorithms
progression

25. @pieroleo
25
Perception
Deep Learning & Reasoning
Classification
Explaining
InterpretabilitySymbolic
Reasoning
Observing
Common-Sense
Planning
Patterns & Sub-patterns
Observation
AI Algorithms
….. ….. …..
Ethics

26. @pieroleo
26
Perception
Classification
InterpretabilitySymbolic
Reasoning
Common-Sense
Planning
Patterns & Sub-patterns
Observation
AI and ML Algorithms
….. ….. …..
Ethics
Deep
Neural
Learning
Deep Learning & Reasoning ExplainingObserving

27. @pieroleo
27
Perception
Deep Learning & Reason
Classification
Explain
InterpretabilitySymbolic
Reasoning
Observe
Common-Sense
Planning
Patterns & Sub-patterns
Observation
AI Algorithms
….. ….. …..
Ethics
See: https://www.ibm.com/watson/advantage-reports/future-of-artificial-intelligence/ai-innovation-equation.html

28. @pieroleo
Artificial
Intelligence vs
new form of
computing

29. @pieroleo

30. @pieroleo
30
In-memory Computing with 1 Million Devices for
Applications in AI
Source IBM Research Phase Change Memory: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2017/10/ibm-
scientists-demonstrate-memory-computing-1-million-devices-applications-ai/
IBM Research demonstrated
that an unsupervised
machine-learning algorithm,
running on one million phase
change memory (PCM)
devices, successfully found
temporal correlations in
unknown data streams.
When compared to state-of-
the-art classical computers,
this prototype technology is
expected to yield 200x
improvements in both
speed and energy
efficiency
Source: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01481-9
PCM Device Collocated Memory and computing

31. @pieroleo

32. @pieroleo
Artificial
Intelligence,
Approximation,
Human Bias,
Machine Bias

33. @pieroleo
33
TEST

34. @pieroleo
34
TEST

35. @pieroleo
35Source: Jiawei Su and ali. One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.08864.pdf

36. @pieroleo
Source Kate Crawford #NIPS2017
Transparency
& Trustworthiness

37. @pieroleo
OPEN NETWORK
INNOVATION
is emerging as a
key trajectory to
speedup Artificial
Intelligence

38. @pieroleo
• Serve as the focus and proponent for JTC 1's
standardization program on Artificial Intelligence
• Provide guidance to JTC 1, IEC, and ISO committees
developing Artificial Intelligence applications

39. @pieroleo
Source: https://www.iso.org/committee/6794475/x/catalogue/p/1/u/1/w/0/d/0
Participation Details for Italy Here: http://www.uninfo.it/index.php

40. @pieroleo
Pietro Leo
Executive Architect - IBM Italy CTO for Artificial Intelligence
Chief Scientist for IBM Italy Research & Business
IBM Academy of Technology Leadership
Member of ISO/SC42 Artificial Intelligence Standardization Committee
Grazie!
www.pieroleo.com
IBM Italy Research
& Business Unit