CONFERENCIA: El impacto de la Tecnología en la optimización de la cadena de suministro: aplicaciones de gestión, estrategia elogistics y macro tendencias tecnológicas. Logística 4.0

1. CONFERENCIA: El impacto de la Tecnología en la optimización
de la cadena de suministro: aplicaciones de gestión, estrategia e-
logistics y macro tendencias tecnológicas. Logística 4.0
Ignasi Sayol i Santamaria
Barcelona, a 22 de Mayo de 2023

2. President of Logistics Cluster of Catalonia
Member of the executive committee of PIMEC
Web: http://ignasisayol.com/
Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/pub/ignasi-sayol/1/724/361
Twitter: https://twitter.com/isayolsanta
 Education:
• Electronics Engineer - Ramon Llull University
• Telecommunications Engineer – Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC)
• PDG by IESE (Barcelona - 2009)
• PDD by Instituto de Empresa (Madrid - 2001-2002)
• MBA by La Salle & Manhattan College (Barcelona-New York) (1998-2000)
 Professional experience:
• More than 16 years leading projects in different business areas in multinationals such as SITA (Société Int.
Télécom. Aéronautiques), Bull, or British Telecom. Big projects as CUTE-2 of Olympics Barcelona 92.
• CTC Externalización S.L: from 2004 to 2015, shareholder and General Manager.
He has been General Manager and shareholder of CTC Externalización S.L. He was the leader in the success story
of CTC, a logistics outsourcing company, from € 15M to € 150M in 10 years. A process of spectacular growth that
had the support of two important Spanish venture capital companies, Portobello and Suma Capital.
. He is currently an entrepreneur in the logistics and new technologies sector. Executive President of Inprous, a
company dedicated to designing technological solutions for temperature-controlled logistics.
. He is an independent advisor of several companies.
 Teaching Experience:
• He regularly collaborates with different business schools in teaching tasks; writes articles and makes regular
presentations on the problems of operations management, logistics infrastructures, innovation and
entrepreneurship. Blog http://ignasisayol.com/
Ignasi Sayol i Santamaria - isayol@inprous.com
https://clusterlogistic.org/en/
https://www.pimec.org/en

3. Where are we in terms of
technological innovation?

4. Industrial
Revolution
Production
Rate
Product
Variety
1.0
Craft production Industrial revolution Mass production
Lean (from Japan) Mass customization Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0
Hannover Messe 2011
Trade Fair
(Digitalization)

5. Industry 4.0
The intelligent factory, a vision of computerized manufacturing with all
processes interconnected through Internet of Things (IOT). It is what is
known as the industrial Internet of things, I2OT.
Flexibility /
individualization of
manufacturing
processes
Manufacturers adapt
products to individual
customers needs, each
product is different.
Big Data
Factories must be able to
collect, analyze and manage
large amounts of data.
Artificial intelligence (AI) as a
key tool in the management
of production.
INDUSTRY 4.0 means
many things but it is
worth mentioning:

6. What will the factories be like in
2050?
Underground factories, which will alter the environment as little as
possible, more efficient and consume less energy resources.
Robotization will go further, allowing interaction
between humans and robots.
As a direct consequence it will give way to expert workers in
software management.
Greater efficiency of productive processes and use of
techniques such as additive production make it possible.
Underground
Plants
Robots
Relocation
Industry 4.0
https://ignasisayol.com/en/the-age-of-robots-here-and-now/

7. (2,18 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISk64bJ35yM (4,28 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AitCwCF5VM&t=26s
Future production with Industry 4.0
ABB Robotics - YuMi. You and Me. Together
Robot Safety & Edge Computing for Robotics Over 5G Wireless
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7UPlWJ9FWQ (1,59 min)

8. Additive printing (3D)
The trend issuing 3D printers will advance in the direction of democratization of that
technology, being available to both, large and small companies.
Instead of products, we will end up importing and exporting designs and we will go to stores
to print them. It will be extended to practically all industries.
Big Challenges: Lower the cost per part, increase production speed, increase the number of
materials available (and mixing them).
Business opportunities:
• Engineering and design
• Manufacture of new products
• It will allow to revolutionize stocks (spare parts will be printed depending on the needs,
reducing storage and stock management).
• Reduction of transportation (according PWC, 40% air, 30% ship)

9. 3D Printing or Injection Molding your parts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WATXmH1uucI
(2,19 min)
HP 3D Printing How It Works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIuGREa6VYE
(7,07 min)
Top 6 Most Amazing Ways 3D Printing
Is Now Used In Practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APc0X9vaRmE
(4 min)
New 3D printer makes multi-material robots (2,10 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WL4b03Tfjg
https://ignasisayol.com/en/3d-printing-the-logistics-transformation-engine/

10. https://www.dfactorybcn.org/

11. Set of technologies and applications:
 Cooperative logistics
 Platform business models
 3D printing
 Logistics apps
 Cloud Computing / Cloud ERP
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Big Data / AI / Blockchain
 Augmented reality applied to the supply chain
 Autonomous vehicles
 Platooning / Hyperloop / Quantum computing
 and many others...
Industry 4.0 counterpart
Logistics: increasing weight in
the final cost of the product
Logistics is critical to achieve
competitive industrial
processes
Technology is an essential
lever to achieve efficient and
competitive logistics
The different technologies are
not isolated compartments,
the real power is to link them,
synergize them.
Logistics 4.0:

12. Cooperative logistics 4.0 – Platform business models
The "uberization" of services applied to logistics
The competitiveness of supply chains leads us to:
- Share information, knowledge and experiences
- Consolidate merchandise flows
- Share transport and network capacity
- Share logistics infrastructure (warehouses, platforms, etc.)
- Raise long-term improvement goals
- Digitalization of processes is a necessity
- Platform business models appear
- Business models of zero marginal cost
The final customer claims availability of customized products, immediacy and adjusted costs,
also we have environmental commitment
To achieve this, INNOVATION and TECHNOLOGY are the key
BLOCKCHAIN will be essential, disintermediation
is key in all of them

13. Cooperative logistics 4.0 – Platform business models
SUPPLIERS RETAILER CUSTOMERS
CUSTOMER
SEGMENT 1
PLATFORM
CUSTOMER
SEGMENT 2
“Right” to use
the platform
A)
B)
From linear supply chains to platform-based business models

14. Creativity and innovation in logistics
Examples

16. Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2018

18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HzdOkPPPRU (6,06 min)
Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020

19. (6,47 min)
Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2021
https://youtu.be/s3rlYWcwdDY

20. Cloud Computing
What is it?
Set of programs and services hosted on a server connected to the Network,
accessible from any computer with Internet connection without the need to
install executable applications on your hard drive and where the information
generated by these same applications or services, is also stored.
Cooperative work tool between companies, that allows to optimize
management of complex processes such as logistics supply chains, for
example.
It is a very powerful way to obtain distributed and accessible
services everywhere.

21. Cloud Computing
It has become the business model for both, SMEs and large companies, also for
their strategies, since it allows them to have a new tool that accelerates
process innovation and reduces costs.
" This technology model adapts to the needs of the company at all
times, because you only pay for what you use "
But it is much more...

22. “Internet of Things” (IOT)
Advantages
• Provides instant visibility of supply chains, distribution centers, land and sea ports.
• Facilitates the automation of the entire manufacturing process.
• Improves the visibility of products throughout the supply chain (temperature, humidity,
location, movement, etc.).
• Allows to identify, locate or measure the status of assets, people or business
transactions :
• Improvement in decision making
• Allows to take better advantage of resources and also improve monitoring
• Allows to improve the quality of products while reducing operating expenses
• Improves delivery times and customer service.
A concept that refers to the digital interconnection
of everyday objects with the internet.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mBO2vqLv38 (5,51 min)
IoT - Internet of Things - What is IoT?

23. Big Data / AI
Computer systems based on obtaining data on a large scale, together
with methods that allow the identification of recurring patterns within
these data. That is, not only get data but have powerful tools to analyze
them, use concepts such as "Machine learning" (automatic learning),
closely linked to artificial intelligence.
The extraordinary volume of information that we can obtain with IoT,
for example, is useless if we can not manage it, analyze it, draw
conclusions and generate appropriate action plans.
E-commerce is one of the sectors in which Big Data and programmatic
advertising have impacted more strongly, since it is a type of business
without limits of growth, where it is necessary and almost essential,
exhaustive knowledge of the customers. In e-commerce we are lucky to
have a huge volume of data from our customers, a key element to
implement an effective big data.

24. Big Data / AI
Example: Anticipatory shipping, patented by Amazon.
Revolutionizes operations and logistics, we begin to send or even send a package
before the customer clicks "buy".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMfNDFD4nWQ (1,07 min)
Pattern detection (25 products)
https://www.target.com/

25. Augmented reality applied to the supply chain
What is it?
• A technology that combines physical information with digital
information in real time and in the same space, expanding the
information of the elements that exist in our environment.
• Put simply, augmented reality is nothing more than what we see taken to
a mobile device.
• Seeks to turn our physical world into an interactive and digital
world.

26. Augmented reality applied to the supply chain
We managed to anticipate information, which allows us to:
Use augmented reality at a higher or strategic level (simulate):
In Transport :
Administrative scope :
Streamline processes · Optimize costs · Increased security.
Making virtual changes can create new spaces to store or distribute the goods
in the transport to optimize the space to the maximum.
The augmented reality allows to speed up the work with barcodes and other
identifiers when the merchandise passes through the means of transport.
From registration to traceability.
Savings in costs and management time.

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0L9C94kEKQ
(2,58 min)

28. Autonomous vehicles :
Trucks without driver
Brakes on its implementation in
the industry
- High costs
- Road safety rules and legislative
barriers
- Problems with insurance
- Rejection by the sector
Advantages
- Efficiency
- Safety
- Network
- Allows the driver to rest or
perform other tasks
- Reduce emissions
https://ignasisayol.com/en/the-future-of-road-transportation-driverless-trucks/

29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIe9gSRBQTk
(3,35 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OB4RCOMlI6A
TuSimple Technology Animation (2,52 min)
Mercedes Future Truck (2025) Autonomous Driving Demonstration

30. Platooning Trucks: linking of two or more trucks in convoy,
using connectivity technology and automated driving support systems
Clean (lowers fuel consumption
and CO2 emissions), safe,
efficient
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYoF0n8sw9E (2,04 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3fF6m4ks1g (2,12 min)
Truck Platooning

31. Drones
Barriers
- Flight duration (battery)
- Action radius (control)
- Flight speed
- Regulations that will be necessary
to legalize the use of drones.
Possible uses and advantages in
logistics
- Delivery of goods without the need of a
human pilot on board
- Reduction of delivery times
- Costs reduction
- Reduction of security and infrastructure
risks

32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98BIu9dpwHU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n1S0cxrNFI (1,41 min)
(1,19 min)
https://ignasisayol.com/en/last-mile-delivery-the-great-and-imminent-logistics-challenge/

33. Autonomous ships
Nextsteps...
2020 2025 2030 2035
Reducedcrewwithremote supportand
operation of certainfunctions
Remotelyoperated
localvessel
Unmannedshipswillmostlikelystart withlocal applications
Remotecontrolledunmanned
ocean-goingship
Remotecontrolled
unmanned coastalvessel
Autonomousunmanned
ocean-goingship
Rolls-Royceenvisages a remotely operated
localvesselbeing the first stage and in operation from 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMBglunfHrU (2,54 min)
Autonomous Shipping - Marine & Offshore - Dassault Systèmes
Rolls-Royce | SVAN - world’s first autonomous ferry demonstration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW57ZMjL_fc (5,39 min)

34. Hyperloop
Hyperloop is all about removing the two things that slow down regular vehicles: friction and
air resistance.
The vactrain concept theoretically eliminates these obstacles by employing magnetically
levitating trains in evacuated (airless) or partly evacuated tubes, allowing for speeds of
thousands of miles per hour.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zSWagCyWio (2,40 min)
Virgin Hyperloop Passenger Experience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKvbSboQ5_g
First Hyperloop Passenger Test (1,31 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQIihCOrvZY
Introducing DP World Cargospeed (2,10 min)
Hyperloop en Valencia – objetivo 2030
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8e8P0ekUYQ

35. Quantum computers are not a simple evolution of today's computers,
they are a completely disruptive technology. They are the answer to the
limit of process capacity that we will find in a short time due to the
capacity limit of the miniaturization of the basic components of
microelectronics.
A quantum computer is a computing device that makes use of quantum
mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement.
UNLIMITED CALCULATION CAPACITY
This technology is so interesting for one simple reason: these phenomena generate unprecedented process
power. That is why it is becoming a development with the possibility of revolutionizing the world of
computing. Quantum machines promise to surpass even existing supercomputers and all that can be
built in the future. In addition, its energy consumption is incredibly lower than current supercomputers.
This does not mean the definitive elimination of traditional computing. The classic computer will remain, in
the medium term, the simplest and most economical solution to solve most problems. What quantum
computers allow, given their ability to manage data, is the ability to drive disruptive advances in a variety
of fields, from science, engineering, to pharmaceutical research.
Quantum computing
https://ignasisayol.com/en/quantum-computing/

36. Who impacts can it have on everyday life?
Advantages:
 Almost infinite
computing power
 Solving complex
algorithms
 Shorten time in
troubleshooting
Example: Health care
 In a pandemic: predicting viral spread, helping to create drugs to cure it,
analyzing millions of variables around the world, predicting future epidemics.
Already at Harvard University in 2012, a quantum computer, D-Wave One,
was used to solve the way some proteins fold.
Example: Finance
 The systems could be used for the development of complex financial
models and risk management within the financial industry. It could help find
new ways to model financial data and isolate critical global risk factors.
In logistics, for the logistics sector, optimization is the common denominator of all transactions and
processes. Classical computing is used for the organization of routes, vehicle fleets, real-time data
management, etc., which in the long run can become too complicated processes for a classical solution, so
a Quantum approach will become a great alternative.
We must also think that the Physical Internet, which will be the ultimate engine of global logistics
optimization will need a large amount of real-time process to be operational. Quantum computing can
be the ultimate solution for its implementation.
Quantum computing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhHMJCUmq28&t=6s (7,16 min)
Quantum Computers Explained – Limits of Human Technology

37. BLOCKCHAIN. What is it?

38. DECENTRALIZED SECURE DISTRIBUTED NETWORK
NO INTERMEDIARIES
IT IS THE LAYER OF CONFIDENCE AND
FEHACIENCE THAT PRECISE INTERNET
Paradigm shift
BASES ITS POTENTIAL DISRUPTIVE ON THREE ELEMENTS

39. 1. RELIABLE NETWORK
Record of information in a network of agreed nodes
Distributed ledger: stores information in the form of transactions
Chopped into small blocks
Encrypted
Replicated
Concatenated
Distributed
The information cannot be altered without the network knowing
Blockchain acts as a “notary”

40. • They control the exchange of information or goods between individuals
and / or companies
• Compliance is automatically verified by the network
• It runs and enforces itself, without intermediaries or mediators
Smart contract
SMART CONTRACT means the reliable execution of a workflow,
no digitization of contracts
2. SMART CONTRACTS

41. It can represent any type of fungible and negotiable good
This concept allows the realization of micropayments between
different platforms through virtual wallets
Often used in marketplaces where the purchase and sale of goods
and services without intermediaries is facilitated, in a simple and
transparent way
3. TOKEN

42. 4 blockchain features.
1. Data transparency
Each interested party receives controlled
access to a shared data set, creating a
single source of truth.
All participants in the chain are confident
that they are using the most recent,
accurate and reliable data set.
There must be additional mechanisms to
ensure that stored records are accurate, to
avoid falsification and from a verifiable
source.

43. 2. Security
 Traditional accounting books generally
provide a security layer that, once violated,
allows access to all stored data.
 In a blockchain-based system, security
mechanisms ensure that individual
transactions and messages are
cryptographically signed. The information
is encrypted, chopped and replicated on
many nodes.
 This guarantees security and effective
risk management to face the current high
risks of piracy, data manipulation and data
compromise.
4 blockchain features.

44. 3. Asset Management
It can be used to manage ownership of digital
assets and facilitate asset transfers (tokens).
For example:
It can be used to track ownership of titles
(property titles or diamond certificates) and
rights (copyright and mineral rights).
The tokens can be used as: property
certificates, software licenses, shares of a
company, reward programs, access to rent
cars, concert tickets, pay tolls, crowfunding,
represent physical elements in digital trading
platforms, etc.
4 blockchain features.

45. 4. Execution of flowcharts
Smart contracts are flowcharts implemented
through a computer program for automatic
execution.
You can automatically enforce the rules agreed
by the interested parties and the process steps.
They are totally autonomous. When the
conditions of the contract are met, the previously
specified and agreed actions occur without
human interaction.
This functionality opens the use of blockchain to a
large number of corporate uses, especially in the
world of logistics.
4 blockchain features.

46. Blockchain types
Types of blockchain systems :
 Public Blockchain (open access, full
transparency, not administrators)
 Private (permissioned) Blockchain
(controlled access, limited transparency,
single administrator)
 Consortium or Federated Blockchain (link
private blockchains, more than one
administrator, powerful model for corporate
use)
 Blockchain as a Service – BaaS (IBM,
Amazon, Microsoft,..)
 Common elements: distributed ledger, transactions, blocks, encryption.
 There are a variety of options and flexibility when deciding how the network is
managed, participants, degree of decentralization, level of transparency
 Depending on the application we must choose the one we will use.

47. Blockchain.
¿What impact can it have on everyday life?
Advantage:
 Transparency
 Security
 Trust relationships
 Fluency. Flow in processes
and transactions.
Example: Health care
 Sensitive data from all parties involved, from
the patient to the medical companies could
be shared using the highest levels of
encryption and data protection to greatly
improve service efficiency and quality.
Traceability and privacy are key
Example: Finance
 Businesses and customers could adopt a
common digital currency as an alternative to
traditional money, reducing the cost of
transfers and allowing micro transactions.
Non-brokerage is the key factor.
In logistics, the exchange of data through the supply chain could enable higher
levels of transparency, allowing consumers to make better decisions about the
products they buy. Efficient process management and managing to eliminate
inefficiencies are key.

48. Blockchain

49. Blockchain in logistics

50. Blockchain
invoicing
platform
import
customs
export
customs insurer
import
terminal
shipper
export
terminal
pre-
shipment
inspector
freight
forwarder
importer’s
bank
exporter’s
bank
correspondent
bank
document
courier
importer exporter
document
courier
Documents
Current ecosystem
Finance
Goods
Source: Port of Rotterdam

51. Blockchain
Exporter’s
bank
Insurer
Export/impor
t customs
Shipper
pre-/post-
shipment
inspector
exporter’s
bank
Exporter importer’s
bank
= document
courier
”An average trade transaction involves
over 10 parties and over 30 different
physical documents”
doc support
doc handling
doc checking
doc support
doc handling
doc checking
Importer
IBAS
IBAS
Current ecosystem
Source: Port of Rotterdam

52. Blockchain
exporter’s
bank
insurer
export
customs
import
customs
importer’s
bank
correspondent
bank
shipper
import
terminal
export
terminal
pre-
shipment
inspector
freight
forwarder
importer exporter
TRANSPARENT AND PAPERLESS SYSTEM
INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED VIA STRAIGHT THROUGH
PROCESSING
ONLINE REAL TIME TRACK & TRACE OF TRANSACTIONS
AND PHYSICAL FLOW
REDUCED RISKS THROUGHOUT THE CHAIN
Blockchain based ecosystem
Source: Port of Rotterdam

53. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdhpYQCWnCw
(3,20 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtK65VH5OBg
(3,36 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xN_frU_ONcA
Status Quo of Logistics - A case for the Blockchain?
(4,49 min)
Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency & Traceability
IBM and Maersk Demo: Cross-Border Supply Chain
Solution on Blockchain

54. Innova tive a nd susta ina ble cold cha in solution from ha rvest to
la st mile distribution through multimoda l logistics
PASSIVE REFRIGERATION CONTAINERS
ideal for maritime and intermodal logistics (ship - rail - road)
Up to 32 days transportation, app traceable, no power supply, high quality uninterrupted cold chain guaranteed from field to market
Allows for Direct Ship ment

55. Passive Refrigeration
ISOTHERMAL
Data Platform
AI, BIG DATA, BLOCKCHAIN
Sensorics’
Innovation
Cold Innovation Innovation
ELECTRONICS,
SENSORS, IoT

56. Blockchain
Data mining
and
processes
Artificial Intelligence
• Clustering
• Temporal series
• Classification
• Deep learning
Database
NoSQL
GSM
Communications
Positioning
IoT
(Sensorics'
Electronics)
Broker
MQTT
Intelligent passive IoT container (up to 32 days without
the need for an electrical connection, cold "cave" type
that lengthens the life of the product, innovative real-
time monitoring of positioning, temperature, humidity,
O2, CO2, ethanol, ethylene, etc.).
There is no ot her solut ion like it on t he ma rket.
Disruptive application of Artificial Intelligence tools to
detect risks and avoid product losses.
Blockchain technology to certify the origin and traceability
of products transported end to end, from the field to the plate.
Service
Platform

57. Innova tive a nd susta ina ble cold cha in solution from ha rvest to
la st mile distribution through multimoda l logistics
P a ssive mult imod a l Cont a ine r s:
10 ”, 2 0 ”, 4 0 ”, 4 5 ”, ot he r volume s
P a ssive mult imod a l p a lle t solut ions

58. Innova tive a nd susta ina ble cold cha in solution from ha rvest to
la st mile distribution through multimoda l logistics
P a ssive mult imod a l Cont a ine r s:
10 ”, 2 0 ”, 4 0 ”, 4 5 ”, ot he r volume s
P a ssive mult imod a l p a lle t solut ions

59. Innova tive a nd susta ina ble cold cha in solution from ha rvest to
la st mile distribution through multimoda l logistics
P a ssive la st mile d ist r ib ut ion solut ions: d e live r y va ns

60. Innova tive a nd susta ina ble cold cha in solution from ha rvest to
la st mile distribution through multimoda l logistics
P a ssive la st mile d ist r ib ut ion solut ions: delivery vans and small electric
delivery vehicles for sustainable distribution in historic city centres.

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