Freedom riders were civil rights activists who fought against bus segregation in the South in the 1960s. Groups like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized freedom rides where black and white riders sat together in buses traveling through the Deep South. On one ride, a bus was firebombed in Anniston, Alabama and riders were severely beaten. Another ride was ambushed in Montgomery where one rider, Zwerg, had his teeth knocked out before being saved by a black man who drew the attackers' attention away from Zwerg. The freedom rides helped challenge segregation laws and promote desegregation despite facing violent opposition in some areas.
This is slide show I created for a History class where we answered questions and critiqued it. The documentary was called Freedom Riders directed by Stanley Nelson
This is slide show I created for a History class where we answered questions and critiqued it. The documentary was called Freedom Riders directed by Stanley Nelson
Ilhan Omar Condemned and Apologizes for Anti-Semitic Statementsusa_news
Representative Ilhan Omar, marred in antisemitic hate speech, apologized on suggesting that American support for more information just visit :- https://americantruthproject.org/
Black Americans/African American autobiographies have brought to fore the racial discrimination. Autobiographies of Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Richard Wright and Gordon parks have highlighted this discrimination and the racial consciousness. These autobiographies are protest documents and express an intense urge for emancipation.
Ilhan Omar Condemned and Apologizes for Anti-Semitic Statementsusa_news
Representative Ilhan Omar, marred in antisemitic hate speech, apologized on suggesting that American support for more information just visit :- https://americantruthproject.org/
Black Americans/African American autobiographies have brought to fore the racial discrimination. Autobiographies of Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Richard Wright and Gordon parks have highlighted this discrimination and the racial consciousness. These autobiographies are protest documents and express an intense urge for emancipation.
The Modern Civil Rights MovementDirections Read the narr.docxkailynochseu
The Modern Civil Rights Movement
Directions: Read the narrative and answer questions about the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s.
The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement
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Rosa Parks, an Alabama seamstress, refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white man. A volunteer secretary for the Montgomery branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and a veteran of the Civil Rights Movement since the early 1930s, Parks was returning from work at a department store on Dec. 1, 1955. The bus filled up, whites in the front and blacks in the back. The driver ordered four blacks in the front of the black section of the bus to get up and make room for whites. Three did, but Mrs. Parks did not. She was arrested under a city ordinance that mandated segregated buses and was fined $10 plus $4 court costs.
Her story is filled with myths. For one thing, her refusal to give up her seat was not the product of a premeditated NAACP plan. Rather, it was a spontaneous decision, she later explained. She had been abused and humiliated one time too many:
“Just having paid for a seat and riding for only a couple of blocks and then having to stand was too much. These other persons had got on the bus after I did. It meant that I didn't have a right to do anything but get on the bus, give them my fare, and then be pushed wherever they wanted me.... There had to be a stopping place, and this seemed to have been the place for me to stop being pushed around and to find out what human rights I had.”
With support from the local NAACP, a boycott of Montgomery’s bus system was organized to show support for Parks. Montgomery's African Americans shared rides, took taxis, or walked to work. Mrs. Parks and many others were fired. There were bombings, beatings, and lawsuits. In February 1956, Parks and a hundred others were charged with conspiracy. When the boycott started, community leaders arranged for 18 black taxis in the city to carry passengers for the same 10 cent fare as a bus. When the city passed an ordinance requiring a minimum 45 cent fare, 150 people volunteered their cars.
The boycott gained national attention with the charismatic leadership of a 26-year-old minister, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. In November 1956, the Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that threw out the Montgomery bus ordinance. After 381 days, the Montgomery bus boycott was over.
In later life, her views ranged between the non-violence of Martin Luther King and the militancy of Malcolm X. "I don't believe in gradualism," she told an interviewer, "or that whatever is to be done for the better should take forever to do." By holding on to her seat, Rosa Parks illustrated how one person's spontaneous act of courage and defiance can alter the course of history.
Little Rock
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The first major confrontation between states' rights advocates and the Supreme Court's school integration decision.
Analysis of the movie The Long Walk home, focusing on character analysis, protagonist, antagonist, flat and round characters. Also includes character map and plot map.
2. Freedom riders were non-violent civil rights
activist made up of mostly African Americans
& White Americans to fight against bus
segregation in the south.
3. Segregation
The separation of whites from “persons of color” in public transportation and schools. Generally, anyone of ascertainable or
strongly suspected black ancestry in any degree was for this purpose a “person of color”;
C.O.R.E
Congress Of Racial Equality was an interracial American organization established by James Farmer in 1942 to improve
race relations and end discriminatory policies through direct-action projects. He founded CORE as a vehicle for the
nonviolent approach to combating racial prejudice that was inspired by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi.
Ku Klux Klan
Either of two distinct U.S. hate organizations that have employed terror in pursuit of their white supremacist agenda. One
group was founded immediately after the Civil War and lasted until the 1870s; the other began in 1915 and has
continued to the present.
Ambush
The oldest, most primitive field tactics are those that rely on concealment and surprise
Courageous
The quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, pain, etc., without fear; bravery.
Anniston
A City In Alabama
Degradation
The act of degrading or the state of being degraded.
Interstate Commerce Commission
A former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between
states.
Discrimination
The act of discriminating.
Journey of Reconciliation
Was a form of non-violent direct action to challenge segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States.
4.
5. December 1st, 1955 Rosa Parks (a middle age
tailor assistant from Montgomery, Alabama) refused
to give up her seat 2 a white man. Refusing to do
so caused in her arrest.
After her arrest Martin Luther King Jr. helped
organize protest against bus segregation. It was
official blacks in Montgomery would refuse to ride
the buses until they were completely integrated .
For the next 13 months the 17,000 blacks
caught rides from the small car –owning black
population of the city.
6.
7. Transport segregation continued in some parts of the
united states. So in 1961 a civil rights group C.O.R.E began
to organize freedom rides. After 3 days of training in non
violent techniques black &whites volunteered to sit next to
each other while they traveled through the deep south.
The freedom riders were spit into 2 buses. They traveled
in integrated seating & visited “white only” restaurants.
When they reached ANNISTON on mothers day May14
ne of the 2 buses were attacked by men armed with
clubs, bricks, iron pipes and knives. The bus was bombed
and the mob held the doors with the intent on buring the
riders to death (they all survived).
8. Zwerg was first arrested for not moving to the back of the bus
with his black seating companion. 3 days late the riders regrouped
to go to Montgomery. They were waiting at the bus terminal, when
silence suddenly turned to an ambush. The Riders were attacked in
all directions, Zwerg suitcase was grabbed and smashed into his
face til he hit the ground. While others continued on beating him.
One man stopped and clamped Zwerg’s head between his knees
so others could bet him.
The attackers knocked his teeth out and showed no signs of
stopping until a black man stepped in and ultimately saved his life.
According to Zwerg “There is nothing heroic in what I did If you
want to talk about heroism, consider the black man who probably
saved my life. This man in coveralls just happened to walk by as
my beating was going on and said “Stop beating that kid! If you
want to beat someone, beat me!”, and they did . He was still
unconscious I don't know if he lived or died”