THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE (PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) BILL, 2020Harminder Singh
1) The document introduces the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020, which aims to create an ecosystem where farmers can freely trade produce outside of government-regulated markets.
2) It defines key terms related to farmers, trading, and electronic platforms. It also establishes the freedom for farmers and traders to conduct inter-state and intra-state trade in a trade area, which can be farm gates, warehouses, etc. but not government-regulated markets.
3) It allows for electronic registration of traders and electronic trading platforms. It prohibits any market fees from being charged on trade outside of government markets. It also provides for a dispute resolution process between farmers and
THE FARMERS (EMPOWERMENT AND PROTECTION) AGREEMENT ON PRICE ASSURANCE AND FAR...Harminder Singh
This document is the text of "The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020" as passed by the Lok Sabha. It establishes a framework for farming agreements between farmers and sponsors (agribusinesses, etc.) regarding future farming produce and farm services. Key provisions include: farming agreements must be written and can last 1-5 years; agreements specify quality standards, pricing (including guaranteed minimum prices), and sale/purchase terms; a dispute resolution mechanism includes conciliation boards; the agreement protects farmers and empowers them to engage with sponsors.
This document summarizes the key points of The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 in India. The act provides for the control of the production, supply, and distribution of certain commodities deemed essential. It gives the Central Government the power to regulate or prohibit the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities to maintain adequate supplies, ensure equitable distribution, and control prices. The act defines essential commodities and provides details on the powers of the Central Government to issue orders to control essential commodities, including orders related to production, pricing, licensing, and requisitioning supplies from producers. It also covers payment for requisitioned supplies and the establishment of authorized controllers. State amendments to the act are also noted.
Laws & regulations related to food industriesBrahmjotKaur11
The document discusses various laws and regulations related to food production and safety in India. It outlines several key acts that were passed to standardize food production and ensure safety, including the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Fruit Products Order, Meat Food Products Order, Milk and Milk Products Order, Essential Commodities Act, and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Act. The acts lay out regulations regarding hygienic production, product quality standards, licensing requirements, and penalties for noncompliance. The overall aim is to protect public health and consumers by enforcing sanitary standards and eliminating fraudulent practices across the food industry.
The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020 aims to create an ecosystem where farmers have freedom of choice in sale and purchase of produce. It facilitates inter-state and intra-state trade of farmers' produce outside government-regulated markets. The Act defines key terms, provides for electronic trading platforms, prohibits certain fees for trade in designated areas, and establishes dispute resolution mechanisms. It also outlines penalties for non-compliance and provides the Central Government with powers to issue directions and remove difficulties in implementing the Act.
The document summarizes key aspects of The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020 in India. It received presidential assent on September 24, 2020 and aims to empower and protect farmers by allowing them to engage in contracts with agribusiness firms for farm services and future crop sales. Key points covered include definitions, provisions regarding farming agreements including minimum/maximum periods, price determination, quality standards, exemptions, and prohibitions on sponsors acquiring ownership rights to farmer land or premises.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Seed Act and main features of seed act.
The document outlines new regulations being made by the Treasury in the UK relating to market abuse. It designates the Financial Conduct Authority as the competent authority for enforcing market abuse regulations. It also amends parts of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to incorporate the new EU Market Abuse Regulation and removes provisions that are now covered by the regulation. The regulations provide powers for the FCA to require information from issuers, managers and others to enforce the market abuse rules.
THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE (PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) BILL, 2020Harminder Singh
1) The document introduces the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020, which aims to create an ecosystem where farmers can freely trade produce outside of government-regulated markets.
2) It defines key terms related to farmers, trading, and electronic platforms. It also establishes the freedom for farmers and traders to conduct inter-state and intra-state trade in a trade area, which can be farm gates, warehouses, etc. but not government-regulated markets.
3) It allows for electronic registration of traders and electronic trading platforms. It prohibits any market fees from being charged on trade outside of government markets. It also provides for a dispute resolution process between farmers and
THE FARMERS (EMPOWERMENT AND PROTECTION) AGREEMENT ON PRICE ASSURANCE AND FAR...Harminder Singh
This document is the text of "The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020" as passed by the Lok Sabha. It establishes a framework for farming agreements between farmers and sponsors (agribusinesses, etc.) regarding future farming produce and farm services. Key provisions include: farming agreements must be written and can last 1-5 years; agreements specify quality standards, pricing (including guaranteed minimum prices), and sale/purchase terms; a dispute resolution mechanism includes conciliation boards; the agreement protects farmers and empowers them to engage with sponsors.
This document summarizes the key points of The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 in India. The act provides for the control of the production, supply, and distribution of certain commodities deemed essential. It gives the Central Government the power to regulate or prohibit the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities to maintain adequate supplies, ensure equitable distribution, and control prices. The act defines essential commodities and provides details on the powers of the Central Government to issue orders to control essential commodities, including orders related to production, pricing, licensing, and requisitioning supplies from producers. It also covers payment for requisitioned supplies and the establishment of authorized controllers. State amendments to the act are also noted.
Laws & regulations related to food industriesBrahmjotKaur11
The document discusses various laws and regulations related to food production and safety in India. It outlines several key acts that were passed to standardize food production and ensure safety, including the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Fruit Products Order, Meat Food Products Order, Milk and Milk Products Order, Essential Commodities Act, and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Act. The acts lay out regulations regarding hygienic production, product quality standards, licensing requirements, and penalties for noncompliance. The overall aim is to protect public health and consumers by enforcing sanitary standards and eliminating fraudulent practices across the food industry.
The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020 aims to create an ecosystem where farmers have freedom of choice in sale and purchase of produce. It facilitates inter-state and intra-state trade of farmers' produce outside government-regulated markets. The Act defines key terms, provides for electronic trading platforms, prohibits certain fees for trade in designated areas, and establishes dispute resolution mechanisms. It also outlines penalties for non-compliance and provides the Central Government with powers to issue directions and remove difficulties in implementing the Act.
The document summarizes key aspects of The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020 in India. It received presidential assent on September 24, 2020 and aims to empower and protect farmers by allowing them to engage in contracts with agribusiness firms for farm services and future crop sales. Key points covered include definitions, provisions regarding farming agreements including minimum/maximum periods, price determination, quality standards, exemptions, and prohibitions on sponsors acquiring ownership rights to farmer land or premises.
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Seed Act and main features of seed act.
The document outlines new regulations being made by the Treasury in the UK relating to market abuse. It designates the Financial Conduct Authority as the competent authority for enforcing market abuse regulations. It also amends parts of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to incorporate the new EU Market Abuse Regulation and removes provisions that are now covered by the regulation. The regulations provide powers for the FCA to require information from issuers, managers and others to enforce the market abuse rules.
Seed legislation system in india nsrtc 10.2.2020Abhishek Malpani
This document summarizes the key seed legislation system in India. It outlines several important Acts and Rules that govern seeds in India, including the Seeds Act of 1966, Seed Rules of 1968, Seed (Control) Order of 1983, and Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act of 2001. The Seeds Act established institutions like the Central Seed Committee and Central Seed Laboratory and regulations around seed certification, labeling, and quality control. It aims to ensure availability of quality seeds and protect farmers' rights. Subsequent amendments and rules have further strengthened the system by prescribing standards and procedures for seed production, certification, and marketing. Overall, the legislation aims to promote a robust seed system and support Indian agriculture by regulating the seed industry
This document outlines the Import Policy Order for 2009-2012 issued by the Ministry of Commerce of Bangladesh. It contains 9 chapters that cover topics such as general provisions for imports, import fees, miscellaneous provisions for industrial and commercial imports, and provisions for public sector importers. Some key points include:
- The Import Policy Order regulates all imports into Bangladesh and is effective from 2009-2012, though it can be extended if a new order is not issued.
- It defines important terms related to imports and trade.
- Imports are either freely allowed or restricted/banned based on an annexed control list, with conditions specified for restricted items.
- General conditions for imports include using HS codes, obtaining no
Dusseldorf, DC 40215 US Telephone: (003) 02103807064 NEW GLOBAL OPEN WEB E BANKING MARKET HANDLING INTERNATIONAL GREEK CHARGES GR0112005674 Name und Anschrift des Leistenden Name/Unternehmen E.D.GOUTOS SA Postleitzahl 21300 Ort PORTOCHELI GREECE Staat Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika Steuernummer/USt-IdNr. 93172860596 Sitz des Geldinstitutes GREECE Bankleitzahl (Sortcode) 20122262 Bank Identification Code (BIC) HRB68648
The Seeds Act of 1966 was enacted by the Government of India to regulate the quality of seeds during production and marketing. Some key aspects of the Act include:
- Establishing committees and agencies at central and state levels to oversee certification of seed varieties and testing.
- Granting powers to notify specific seed varieties and set minimum standards for germination and purity.
- Requiring labeling of certified seed packages and allowing for inspection and testing of seeds.
- Providing for appeals process and penalties for non-compliance with the Act.
The Act aims to promote quality control of seeds and provides the framework for regulation of the seed industry in India.
This document discusses concerns about Bill C-18, known as the Agricultural Growth Act, which would amend Canada's Plant Breeders Rights Act to bring it in line with the 1991 version of UPOV. The key concerns are that it would allow intellectual property rights (IPRs) over seeds, including end-point royalties on harvested crops, and give the government power to restrict farmers' privilege to save and replant seeds. This has implications for seed diversity, resilience of the food system, and control by large seed companies like Monsanto. The document argues for a Farmers' Seed Act that protects farmers' rights.
The Seed Rules of 1968 were framed to implement the Seed Act of 1966 in India. The rules contain 11 parts and 39 rules. Key parts include establishing a Central Seed Committee to recommend standards and procedures for seed certification and testing. A Central Seed Laboratory was formed to coordinate testing between state laboratories. Seed certification agencies were tasked with outlining certification procedures and inspecting seed production and processing. Labeling requirements for certified seed were established. Three classes of certified seed were specified - foundation, registered, and certified - along with requirements to carry out seed businesses. An appeals process was created for challenging certification decisions. Seed analysts and inspectors were made responsible for sampling and enforcing the rules.
Food Safety And Regulation Mechanism [In Relation to GM] - Hemant GoswamiBurning Brain Society
Taking about the legal aspect of the laws relating to food security and safety, social activist Hemant Goswami mentioned that way back in 1860 also the penal code provided safeguards against foods and eatables which can cause harm to human health or environment. Food Adulteration Act and Food Safety Act 2006 further assured the right of citizens to have safe food. However the commercial interests are trying to gain backdoor entry in the name of genetically modified crops and food by discarding all precautionary principals of food safety and security. Genetically modified food requires multi-generational tests as they have not evolved naturally. It would be dangerous to adopt anything as food until and unless it has been found to be safe for a minimum of three generation of any animal; at least the mice.
Criticizing the proposed Biotechnology Regulatory Authority Bill (BRAI), Hemant mentioned that, “The proposed BRAI bill largely takes care only of the multinational companies trying to dominate the food chain and push genetically engineered food to Indian consumers without proper food safety safeguards. The bill is not only anti people and anti farmer but also against the Constitutional provisions of Article 19 and 21. In absence of other safeguards, the rubber stamp BRAI will make us slaves of the powerful MNC’s and countries.”
This document is the Competition Act of 2002 from India. It establishes the Competition Commission of India to prevent anticompetitive practices, promote competition, protect consumer interests and ensure freedom of trade. Some key points:
- It prohibits anticompetitive agreements between enterprises or people that have adverse effects on competition. This includes cartels that limit production or fix prices.
- It regulates the combination of enterprises to ensure transactions do not infringe on market competition.
- The Commission is tasked with investigating and adjudicating anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant positions, as well as reviewing mergers and acquisitions.
- The Act aims to balance economic development with competition by promoting an
This document discusses parallel imports of pharmaceuticals. It begins by defining parallel imports as the importation of non-counterfeit products without the authorization of the patent holder, often occurring when prices vary between markets. It then examines reasons for price differentiations internationally and provides examples of large price differences for common drugs between the US and India. The document outlines arguments for and against parallel imports, different countries' legal approaches, and India's stance, concluding that parallel imports have limited practical utility for India.
Parallel Trade in the Pharma Industry Overview - Recent Greek JurisprudenceIoanna Michalopoulou
This presentation contains an overview of recent Greek jurisprudence on parallel trade in the pharmaceutical industry.
Contents include circulars, laws and recent case studies.
The document outlines procedures for seed sampling and analysis in India. It specifies minimum sampling intensities for seeds stored in bulk or bags. For bulk seeds, a minimum of 5 samples are required up to 500 kg, increasing to 10 samples for lots over 20,000 kg. For bagged seeds, every container must be sampled for lots up to 5 bags, every 3 containers for 6-30 bags, and every 5 containers for lots over 30 bags. Samples must be properly sealed, labeled with details, and sent to notified seed testing laboratories within 60 days.
The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020 aims to allow farmers to engage in inter-state and intra-state trade of their produce outside of government-regulated markets. It seeks to provide a barrier-free trade environment for farmers by allowing them to sell their produce anywhere, including farm gates, warehouses, and private markets. The Ordinance also facilitates electronic trading of farmers' produce and establishes a dispute resolution mechanism for any trade-related issues. However, there is concern among farmers that the Ordinance could undermine existing government procurement systems and markets.
This document summarizes key terms defined in Section 2 of the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020. It defines terms like electronic trading platform, farmer, farmers' produce, farmers' produce organization, interstate trade, intrastate trade, notification, person, prescribed, scheduled farmers' produce, state, state APMC act, trade area, and trader. The definitions clarify what is meant by various entities and activities related to the trade of farmers' produce.
This document summarizes key sections of a law promoting trade and commerce of farmers' produce. Section 3 gives farmers and traders freedom for inter-state and intra-state trade. Section 4 requires traders, except for farmer organizations, to have a PAN number. It allows electronic registration of traders and rules for trade transactions. Section 5 allows individuals with PAN numbers to establish electronic trading platforms following guidelines for fair practices. The government can specify procedures and regulations for such platforms. Section 6 prohibits any fees from being charged to farmers for transactions. Section 7 allows the government to establish price information systems and collect transaction data from electronic platforms.
This document contains the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 notification from the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution in India.
The rules establish duties and liabilities for e-commerce entities, marketplace entities, inventory entities, and sellers on marketplaces. Key provisions include requiring e-commerce entities to be registered companies in India, establish grievance redressal mechanisms, and not engage in unfair trade practices. Marketplace and inventory entities must provide accurate product information to consumers. Sellers must have contracts with marketplaces and appoint grievance officers. Entities cannot refuse returns or refunds if products are defective.
The Farm Laws Repeal Bill, 2021 aims to repeal three farm laws passed in 2020 and amend part of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. The three farm laws being repealed are: (1) the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020; (2) the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020; and (3) the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020. It also proposes to omit sub-section 1A of section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
Unfair competition laws in the UAE are based on international conventions like the Paris Convention and TRIPS agreement. The UAE commercial transactions law prohibits misleading the public, false allegations that create confusion between competitors, and other fraudulent acts. Violations can result in civil and criminal penalties like fines and imprisonment. Authorities responsible for enforcing unfair competition laws include consumer protection departments, economic departments, and trademark offices. Respecting these laws is important for companies to avoid reputational damage, costly lawsuits, investigations, and other severe consequences.
Unfair competition laws in the UAE are aimed at promoting fair competition between businesses. The laws are based on international conventions like the Paris Convention and TRIPS agreement. Acts like false allegations against competitors, misleading the public, and practices that create confusion in the market are considered unfair competition. The UAE Cabinet eliminated food monopolies in 2005 in line with WTO rules. National laws like the Commercial Transactions Law and Consumer Protection Law establish rules against unfair practices and allow for civil and criminal penalties through relevant authorities like courts and consumer protection departments. Companies are advised to respect competition law to avoid severe consequences like reputation damage, lawsuits, investigations, and financial penalties.
The document discusses commodity derivatives markets and regulation. It provides background on the origins of commodity futures markets in India and the establishment of the Forward Markets Commission (FMC) in 1953 to regulate these markets. The FMC aims to ensure market integrity, protect customers, and prevent price manipulation. It oversees various commodity exchanges in India.
This document is the Income Tax Ordinance of 1984 from Bangladesh. It begins with definitions of key terms used in the ordinance. It defines terms like agricultural income, amalgamation, annual value, assessee, assessment, capital asset and dividend. It provides definitions for terms related to the structure of the tax authority such as Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner of Taxes, and Director General of Inspection. It also defines common business terms like company, director and employee. The ordinance aims to consolidate and amend the existing laws relating to income tax in Bangladesh.
The Competition Act 2002 established a Competition Commission of India to prevent anti-competitive practices. Some key points:
- It prohibits anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, and regulates combinations (mergers and acquisitions).
- Anti-competitive agreements include price fixing, limiting production/markets, bid rigging, and certain vertical restraints.
- Abuse of dominant position includes imposing unfair purchase/sale conditions, limiting production and markets, denial of market access, and leveraging dominance across markets.
- Combinations require notification if certain asset/turnover thresholds are triggered.
Seed legislation system in india nsrtc 10.2.2020Abhishek Malpani
This document summarizes the key seed legislation system in India. It outlines several important Acts and Rules that govern seeds in India, including the Seeds Act of 1966, Seed Rules of 1968, Seed (Control) Order of 1983, and Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act of 2001. The Seeds Act established institutions like the Central Seed Committee and Central Seed Laboratory and regulations around seed certification, labeling, and quality control. It aims to ensure availability of quality seeds and protect farmers' rights. Subsequent amendments and rules have further strengthened the system by prescribing standards and procedures for seed production, certification, and marketing. Overall, the legislation aims to promote a robust seed system and support Indian agriculture by regulating the seed industry
This document outlines the Import Policy Order for 2009-2012 issued by the Ministry of Commerce of Bangladesh. It contains 9 chapters that cover topics such as general provisions for imports, import fees, miscellaneous provisions for industrial and commercial imports, and provisions for public sector importers. Some key points include:
- The Import Policy Order regulates all imports into Bangladesh and is effective from 2009-2012, though it can be extended if a new order is not issued.
- It defines important terms related to imports and trade.
- Imports are either freely allowed or restricted/banned based on an annexed control list, with conditions specified for restricted items.
- General conditions for imports include using HS codes, obtaining no
Dusseldorf, DC 40215 US Telephone: (003) 02103807064 NEW GLOBAL OPEN WEB E BANKING MARKET HANDLING INTERNATIONAL GREEK CHARGES GR0112005674 Name und Anschrift des Leistenden Name/Unternehmen E.D.GOUTOS SA Postleitzahl 21300 Ort PORTOCHELI GREECE Staat Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika Steuernummer/USt-IdNr. 93172860596 Sitz des Geldinstitutes GREECE Bankleitzahl (Sortcode) 20122262 Bank Identification Code (BIC) HRB68648
The Seeds Act of 1966 was enacted by the Government of India to regulate the quality of seeds during production and marketing. Some key aspects of the Act include:
- Establishing committees and agencies at central and state levels to oversee certification of seed varieties and testing.
- Granting powers to notify specific seed varieties and set minimum standards for germination and purity.
- Requiring labeling of certified seed packages and allowing for inspection and testing of seeds.
- Providing for appeals process and penalties for non-compliance with the Act.
The Act aims to promote quality control of seeds and provides the framework for regulation of the seed industry in India.
This document discusses concerns about Bill C-18, known as the Agricultural Growth Act, which would amend Canada's Plant Breeders Rights Act to bring it in line with the 1991 version of UPOV. The key concerns are that it would allow intellectual property rights (IPRs) over seeds, including end-point royalties on harvested crops, and give the government power to restrict farmers' privilege to save and replant seeds. This has implications for seed diversity, resilience of the food system, and control by large seed companies like Monsanto. The document argues for a Farmers' Seed Act that protects farmers' rights.
The Seed Rules of 1968 were framed to implement the Seed Act of 1966 in India. The rules contain 11 parts and 39 rules. Key parts include establishing a Central Seed Committee to recommend standards and procedures for seed certification and testing. A Central Seed Laboratory was formed to coordinate testing between state laboratories. Seed certification agencies were tasked with outlining certification procedures and inspecting seed production and processing. Labeling requirements for certified seed were established. Three classes of certified seed were specified - foundation, registered, and certified - along with requirements to carry out seed businesses. An appeals process was created for challenging certification decisions. Seed analysts and inspectors were made responsible for sampling and enforcing the rules.
Food Safety And Regulation Mechanism [In Relation to GM] - Hemant GoswamiBurning Brain Society
Taking about the legal aspect of the laws relating to food security and safety, social activist Hemant Goswami mentioned that way back in 1860 also the penal code provided safeguards against foods and eatables which can cause harm to human health or environment. Food Adulteration Act and Food Safety Act 2006 further assured the right of citizens to have safe food. However the commercial interests are trying to gain backdoor entry in the name of genetically modified crops and food by discarding all precautionary principals of food safety and security. Genetically modified food requires multi-generational tests as they have not evolved naturally. It would be dangerous to adopt anything as food until and unless it has been found to be safe for a minimum of three generation of any animal; at least the mice.
Criticizing the proposed Biotechnology Regulatory Authority Bill (BRAI), Hemant mentioned that, “The proposed BRAI bill largely takes care only of the multinational companies trying to dominate the food chain and push genetically engineered food to Indian consumers without proper food safety safeguards. The bill is not only anti people and anti farmer but also against the Constitutional provisions of Article 19 and 21. In absence of other safeguards, the rubber stamp BRAI will make us slaves of the powerful MNC’s and countries.”
This document is the Competition Act of 2002 from India. It establishes the Competition Commission of India to prevent anticompetitive practices, promote competition, protect consumer interests and ensure freedom of trade. Some key points:
- It prohibits anticompetitive agreements between enterprises or people that have adverse effects on competition. This includes cartels that limit production or fix prices.
- It regulates the combination of enterprises to ensure transactions do not infringe on market competition.
- The Commission is tasked with investigating and adjudicating anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant positions, as well as reviewing mergers and acquisitions.
- The Act aims to balance economic development with competition by promoting an
This document discusses parallel imports of pharmaceuticals. It begins by defining parallel imports as the importation of non-counterfeit products without the authorization of the patent holder, often occurring when prices vary between markets. It then examines reasons for price differentiations internationally and provides examples of large price differences for common drugs between the US and India. The document outlines arguments for and against parallel imports, different countries' legal approaches, and India's stance, concluding that parallel imports have limited practical utility for India.
Parallel Trade in the Pharma Industry Overview - Recent Greek JurisprudenceIoanna Michalopoulou
This presentation contains an overview of recent Greek jurisprudence on parallel trade in the pharmaceutical industry.
Contents include circulars, laws and recent case studies.
The document outlines procedures for seed sampling and analysis in India. It specifies minimum sampling intensities for seeds stored in bulk or bags. For bulk seeds, a minimum of 5 samples are required up to 500 kg, increasing to 10 samples for lots over 20,000 kg. For bagged seeds, every container must be sampled for lots up to 5 bags, every 3 containers for 6-30 bags, and every 5 containers for lots over 30 bags. Samples must be properly sealed, labeled with details, and sent to notified seed testing laboratories within 60 days.
The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020 aims to allow farmers to engage in inter-state and intra-state trade of their produce outside of government-regulated markets. It seeks to provide a barrier-free trade environment for farmers by allowing them to sell their produce anywhere, including farm gates, warehouses, and private markets. The Ordinance also facilitates electronic trading of farmers' produce and establishes a dispute resolution mechanism for any trade-related issues. However, there is concern among farmers that the Ordinance could undermine existing government procurement systems and markets.
This document summarizes key terms defined in Section 2 of the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020. It defines terms like electronic trading platform, farmer, farmers' produce, farmers' produce organization, interstate trade, intrastate trade, notification, person, prescribed, scheduled farmers' produce, state, state APMC act, trade area, and trader. The definitions clarify what is meant by various entities and activities related to the trade of farmers' produce.
This document summarizes key sections of a law promoting trade and commerce of farmers' produce. Section 3 gives farmers and traders freedom for inter-state and intra-state trade. Section 4 requires traders, except for farmer organizations, to have a PAN number. It allows electronic registration of traders and rules for trade transactions. Section 5 allows individuals with PAN numbers to establish electronic trading platforms following guidelines for fair practices. The government can specify procedures and regulations for such platforms. Section 6 prohibits any fees from being charged to farmers for transactions. Section 7 allows the government to establish price information systems and collect transaction data from electronic platforms.
This document contains the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 notification from the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution in India.
The rules establish duties and liabilities for e-commerce entities, marketplace entities, inventory entities, and sellers on marketplaces. Key provisions include requiring e-commerce entities to be registered companies in India, establish grievance redressal mechanisms, and not engage in unfair trade practices. Marketplace and inventory entities must provide accurate product information to consumers. Sellers must have contracts with marketplaces and appoint grievance officers. Entities cannot refuse returns or refunds if products are defective.
The Farm Laws Repeal Bill, 2021 aims to repeal three farm laws passed in 2020 and amend part of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. The three farm laws being repealed are: (1) the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020; (2) the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020; and (3) the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020. It also proposes to omit sub-section 1A of section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
Unfair competition laws in the UAE are based on international conventions like the Paris Convention and TRIPS agreement. The UAE commercial transactions law prohibits misleading the public, false allegations that create confusion between competitors, and other fraudulent acts. Violations can result in civil and criminal penalties like fines and imprisonment. Authorities responsible for enforcing unfair competition laws include consumer protection departments, economic departments, and trademark offices. Respecting these laws is important for companies to avoid reputational damage, costly lawsuits, investigations, and other severe consequences.
Unfair competition laws in the UAE are aimed at promoting fair competition between businesses. The laws are based on international conventions like the Paris Convention and TRIPS agreement. Acts like false allegations against competitors, misleading the public, and practices that create confusion in the market are considered unfair competition. The UAE Cabinet eliminated food monopolies in 2005 in line with WTO rules. National laws like the Commercial Transactions Law and Consumer Protection Law establish rules against unfair practices and allow for civil and criminal penalties through relevant authorities like courts and consumer protection departments. Companies are advised to respect competition law to avoid severe consequences like reputation damage, lawsuits, investigations, and financial penalties.
The document discusses commodity derivatives markets and regulation. It provides background on the origins of commodity futures markets in India and the establishment of the Forward Markets Commission (FMC) in 1953 to regulate these markets. The FMC aims to ensure market integrity, protect customers, and prevent price manipulation. It oversees various commodity exchanges in India.
This document is the Income Tax Ordinance of 1984 from Bangladesh. It begins with definitions of key terms used in the ordinance. It defines terms like agricultural income, amalgamation, annual value, assessee, assessment, capital asset and dividend. It provides definitions for terms related to the structure of the tax authority such as Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner of Taxes, and Director General of Inspection. It also defines common business terms like company, director and employee. The ordinance aims to consolidate and amend the existing laws relating to income tax in Bangladesh.
The Competition Act 2002 established a Competition Commission of India to prevent anti-competitive practices. Some key points:
- It prohibits anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, and regulates combinations (mergers and acquisitions).
- Anti-competitive agreements include price fixing, limiting production/markets, bid rigging, and certain vertical restraints.
- Abuse of dominant position includes imposing unfair purchase/sale conditions, limiting production and markets, denial of market access, and leveraging dominance across markets.
- Combinations require notification if certain asset/turnover thresholds are triggered.
This document is the Competition Act of 2002 from India, as amended in 2007. It establishes key definitions and provisions around competition law in India.
The key points are:
1) It establishes the Competition Commission of India to prevent anti-competitive practices, promote competition, protect consumer interests and ensure freedom of trade.
2) It prohibits anti-competitive agreements between enterprises or people that cause adverse effects on competition. This includes practices like price-fixing, limiting production or markets, bid-rigging and some exclusive dealing agreements.
3) It prohibits the abuse of a dominant position in the market, such as unfair pricing or imposing unfair purchase/sale conditions, restricting production or technical development, denying market
This document contains a summary of several Philippine executive orders related to fisheries. It provides details on six executive orders covering topics such as: modifying import duty rates on certain goods to implement tax incentives for agriculture and fisheries enterprises; devolving registration of small fishing vessels to local governments; creating fisheries councils at the local level; guidelines for commercial fishers to avail of tax exemptions and rebates; adopting a plan to prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; and again modifying import duty rates to implement agriculture and fisheries tax incentives. The executive orders aim to support the fisheries sector through various policies around taxation, registration, management, and illegal fishing.
ಗ್ರಾಹಕ ಎಂದರೆ ಯಾರು? ಆತ ಹೇಗೆ ಮೋಸ, ವಂಚನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಳಗಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ? ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಕಾರಣ ಮತ್ತು ಪರಿಹಾರವೇನು? ಎಂಬ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಅವರ ಶಾಲಾ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಗ್ರಾಹಕ ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ಅರಿವು ಮೂಡಿಸಲು ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ, ತಾಲೂಕು ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ `ಶಾಲಾ ಗ್ರಾಹಕರ ಕ್ಲಬ್’ಗಳನ್ನು ರಚನೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು ಎಂದು ಗ್ರಾಹಕ ಇಲಾಖೆ ಮತ್ತು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಇಲಾಖೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಪೋಷಕರು ಒತ್ತಾಯಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ . ಈ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಜನರ ಸೇವಕರಾಗಿ ಹಗಲಿರುಳು ಶ್ರಮಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ವಿದ್ಯಾವಂತ ಶಾಸಕರು ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸರಕಾರವನ್ನು ಒತ್ತಾಯಿಸಬೇಕೆಂದು ಸಮಸ್ತ ನಾಗರಿಕರ ಆಗ್ರಹವಾಗಿದೆ.
The document is the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 from India. Some key details:
- It establishes authorities for timely and effective resolution of consumer disputes.
- It extends to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir.
- The Central Government may notify different dates for different states or provisions to come into force.
- It applies to all goods and services, unless otherwise specified.
The document discusses the Competition Act 2002 of India. It established the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to promote fair competition in markets and protect consumer interests. Key points include:
- The Act aims to prevent anti-competitive practices and ensure free trade. It replaced the older MRTP Act of 1969.
- The CCI investigates anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position. An appellate tribunal was also established to hear appeals on CCI orders.
- Recent amendments transferred the power to award compensation from the CCI to the appellate tribunal and removed the obligation of high courts to implement CCI decisions.
- The overall objective is to promote economic efficiency through competition and create market responses
An efficient agricultural marketing system can be classified in several ways and can help reduce rural poverty. It can be classified based on the type of agricultural activity including pasture, crops, citrus groves, timberland, nurseries, and other activities. It reduces marketing costs and brings prices signals to farmers that help increase agricultural production and economic development. Systems like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh show that providing credit to small farmers can boost incomes, increase savings, and significantly reduce poverty levels in rural communities over time.
The document discusses key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India, including:
1) It applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir, and its provisions are in addition to other applicable laws.
2) It aims to protect consumers, provide simple and inexpensive grievance redressal, and establish forums for resolving disputes at the district, state and national levels.
3) It defines terms like "consumer", "complaint", establishes Consumer Protection Councils, and lays out the composition of the District, State and National Consumer Disputes Redressal forums.
4) Orders from lower forums can be appealed within 30 days to higher forums along with prescribed fees, and complaints must generally be
SEBI Circular dated Feb 22, 2018 with regard to manner of achieving minimum p...GAURAV KR SHARMA
The document outlines additional methods allowed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for listed entities to comply with minimum public shareholding requirements. Specifically:
SEBI will allow open market sale of up to 2% of shares by promoters/promoter groups and allotment of eligible securities through Qualified Institutions Placement. For open market sales, listed entities must announce details in advance and promoters cannot purchase shares on sale dates. SEBI reiterates prior methods and provides a compilation of all allowed methods to achieve minimum public shareholding levels.
This document outlines the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act of 2014 in India.
The key points are:
1) The Act aims to protect the rights of urban street vendors and regulate street vending activities. It establishes Town Vending Committees to survey street vendors, designate vending zones, and issue certificates of vending.
2) Street vendors identified in surveys must be accommodated in vending zones, up to 2.5% of the local population. No vendor can be evicted until surveys are complete and certificates issued.
3) Certificates of vending are issued to street vendors aged 14 or older. A lottery system is used
Similar to THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE (PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) ACT, 2020 (20)
Reply to Election Commission Delhi in NGS5322435639 dated 25.11.2022.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
ERO Ms. Sunita Raj mobile no. 9650058340 59-Vishwas Nagar Constituency Sahadra district at East Delhi has admitted this fact that she has sent her man for making a fake voters under the legal guardianship of Complainant on 24.11.2022 at Shelter Home DUSIB Code No.214 near Anand Vihar ISBT Delhi. Hence, your BLO will disclose the name and address of person for whom he wanted to make fake Voter ID with ulterior motives.
112 call has been made against your fraud BLO dated 24.11.2022 with unique reference no. 6161038, PCR Petrol Vehicle ROMO9A mobile no. 7428002509 at 19.32.34pm. Anand Vihar policeman mobile number is 8595888677. Police had taken him to the police station. Hence police has recorded his name and address and motives behind it.
Inquiry officer Balveer Singh mobile no. 9654963400 of Patpatganj Industrial Area Police Station near Anand Vihar ISBT Delhi will provide you the name and address of person who had come to make a fake voters under the legal guardianship of Complainant.
Your fraud BLO did not disclose his identity before complainant.
Complaint dated 27.11.2022 to Commissioner of Polic Delhi.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
TAKE the cognizance of obvious links between Ms. Sunita Raj, BLO Anand Vihar and Mr. Manish Raj with this International Sex Racket and direct to concern SHO to register an F.I.R against the accused under relevant sections of IPC.
112 call dated 24.11.2022 at 19.32.34pm with unique reference no. 6161038 and subsequent Complaint dated 25.11.2022 to the Commissioner of Police Delhi dated 25.11.2022 discloses links with Mr. Manish Raj son of Chief Minister of Jharkhand in this International Sex Racket
Suppression of crucial records in Office Report dated 26.11.2022 in W.P. (Criminal) Diary No. 18546/2022 listed for hearing on 28.11.2022 before Chamber Judge HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, Court No.15 CL.NO.1748 may lead to dismissal of petition.
Registry has only recorded the records to defend its heinous work in the Office Report dated 26.11.2022 hiding all the factual crucial records filed by the petitioner even after his reminder though e-filed letter dated 22.11.2022 addressed to Branch Officer and Assistant Registrar Section X
Office Report dated 26.11.2022 in International Sex Racket matter Writ Petit...Om Prakash Poddar
Registry has recorded records in his favor only and has ignored the crucial records of petitioner deliberately to dismiss the petition by default.
Office Report dated 26.11.2022 for the hearing of Writ Petition Criminal Diary No. 18646/2022 on 28.11.2022 has been made hiding the crucial records filed by the petitioner.
Office Report dated 28.11.2022 in International Sex Racket matter Writ Petit...Om Prakash Poddar
The document is an office report from the Supreme Court of India regarding a writ petition filed by Om Prakash against the Union of India and others. The court had previously given the petitioner four weeks to cure any defects in the petition, but the petitioner has failed to file an application for condonation of delay in filing the writ petition within that timeframe. As there are still defects, the registrar has not yet interacted with the petitioner-in-person, so the matter is listed before the court for further directions.
Complaint dated 26.11.22 against Election Officer Katihar Bihar.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
a fake voter identity card has been created by BLO Part-220, Ward No.03, 64-Kadwa Constituency Katihar Bihar vide EPIC No. TYGO395244 against the Complainant. Complainant has figured out malpractices of BLO and submitted requisite form before BLO Gopal Malik mobile no. 9507949474 dated 17.12.2021 for deletion of his name from the voter list to suppress the practice of multiple voter identity cards across the Country.
Complaint dated 25.11.22 against Election Officer Sahadra Delhi.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
Sex abuser Manish from Election Commission Delhi took my Aadhar Card by fraud to make Voter ID for my kidnapped minor daughter marking me as a legal guardian under Vishwas Nagar Constituency at Sahadra district of East Delhi.
Praying from you to direct the registry to supply the fixed date of hearing to the petitioner in person in writing in Non Bailable and Gang Rape matter W.P. Criminal Diary No. 18546/2022 so that he can plan his travel for home
Letter dated 22.11.2022 to Branch Officer Section 10 at Supreme Court of Ind...Om Prakash Poddar
Take all 84 e-filed legal documents with effect from 07.06.2022 to 22.11.2022 along with physical filed legal document with effect from 14.06.2022 to till date on Record of office report for the date of hearing on 25.11.2022
Additional e-Filed Petition dated 25.06.2022 on Anti-Prostitution before Sup...Om Prakash Poddar
All additional Annexures, letters, miscellaneous documents, I.A. for written arguments have been suppressed deliberately by Supreme Court of India with ulterior motive which are supportive of Gang Rape report filed from ground zero level either from Bihar or from Delhi.
Additional e-Filed Petition dated 25.06.2022 on Anti-Prostitution before Sup...Om Prakash Poddar
All additional filed Annexures, letters, miscellaneous documents, I.A. for written arguments have been suppressed by Supreme Court of India with an ulterior motive which are supportive of Gang Rape report filed from ground zero level either from Bihar or from Delhi.
Additional e-Filed Petition dated 07.06.2022 on Anti-Prostitution before Sup...Om Prakash Poddar
This document contains information from the Supreme Court of India case management system. It lists details of a writ petition filed by Om Prakash such as the case type, number, year and presiding bench. It also includes a table with 10 uploaded PDF documents related to the petition, interlocutory applications and memos of appearance. General information about the court such as jurisdiction, officers, rules, and procedures is also presented.
E-Filed Petition dated 07.06.2022 on Anti-Prostitution before Supreme Court ...Om Prakash Poddar
This document contains details of a case filed with the Supreme Court of India, including the case type, number, year, petitioner and respondent details, and a list of uploaded documents related to the case. It provides contact information for the Supreme Court of India and links to other resources on their website.
Complaint dated 21.11.2022 against Bihar and Delhi police to NHRC.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
The National Human Rights Commission has received a complaint from Om Prakash regarding the kidnapping and abduction of his family members and minor daughters since 2011. The complaint details that neither the Delhi Police nor Bihar Police have registered an FIR regarding this incident. The complaint further states that the police complaint and post-mortem report of Om Prakash's deceased mother, who died in 2017, are still pending with the Palam Village Police Station in New Delhi. Om Prakash alleges that five individuals, including two advocates, can provide information to rescue his minor daughters and has requested that an FIR be registered against these five people.
E-filed status dated 15.11.22 before Supreme Court of India.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
E-filed Important legal documents like Interlocutory Applications for additional grounds and cancellation of Non Bailable Warrant has not been entered into Physical filing case record Writ Petition Criminal Diary No. 18546/2022 to present the wrong fact before the Chamber Judge on 25.11.2022
Complaint aginst Delhi Police to NHRC New Delhi dated 20.11.22.pdfOm Prakash Poddar
ABDUCTION/RAPE by Police
Surender Narayan Poddar, Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar, Advocate Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari Advocate Sunil Ojha is key person who will reveal all records of this sex racket to rescue my minor daughters.
Hence, register F.I.R against these five people to interrogate in this matter.
Register an F.I.R and interrogate Shri Surender Narayan Poddar Assitant Manager Marketing Division IOCL Barauni Refinery Begusarai Bihar, my advocate Shri Sunil Ojha in HMA-678/2010 case at Dwarka Court at New Delhi, my wife Rina Kumari’s advocate Shri Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari in 9P/2010 case at Begusarai Court Bihar and Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar in HMA-678/2010 case Goshwara No. 83)H at Dwarka Court at New Delhi.
ABDUCTION/RAPE by Police case.
Surender Narayan Poddar, Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar, Advocate Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari Advocate Sunil Ojha is key person who will reveal all records of this sex racket to rescue my minor daughters. Hence, register F.I.R against these five people to interrogate in this matter.
Register an F.I.R and interrogate Shri Surender Narayan Poddar Assitant Manager Marketing Division IOCL Barauni Refinery Begusarai Bihar, my advocate Shri Sunil Ojha in HMA-678/2010 case at Dwarka Court at New Delhi, my wife Rina Kumari’s advocate Shri Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari in 9P/2010 case at Begusarai Court Bihar and Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar in HMA-678/2010 case Goshwara No. 83)H at Dwarka Court at New Delhi.
Register F.I.R against these five people to interrogate in this matter.
Surender Narayan Poddar, Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar, Advocate Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari Advocate Sunil Ojha is key person who will reveal all records of this sex racket to rescue my minor daughters.
Register an F.I.R and interrogate Shri Surender Narayan Poddar Assitant Manager Marketing Division IOCL Barauni Refinery Begusarai Bihar, my advocate Shri Sunil Ojha in HMA-678/2010 case at Dwarka Court at New Delhi, my wife Rina Kumari’s advocate Shri Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari in 9P/2010 case at Begusarai Court Bihar and Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar in HMA-678/2010 case Goshwara No. 83)H at Dwarka Court at New Delhi.
Writ Petition Criminal Diary Number 18546 of 2022 Part-I .pdfOm Prakash Poddar
International Sex Racket and Anti-Prostitution Petition before Supreme Court of India.
These five are key people and will reveal all records in this sex racket to rescue my minor daughters.
Register F.I.R and interrogate Shri Surender Narayan Poddar Assitant Manager Marketing Division IOCL Barauni Refinery Begusarai Bihar, my advocate Shri Sunil Ojha in HMA-678/2010 case at Dwarka Court New Delhi, my wife Rina Kumari’s advocate Shri Gopal Prasad and his wife Veena Kumari in 9P/2010 case at Begusarai Court Bihar and Rajput advocate of Purnea Bihar in HMA-678/2010 case Goshwara No. 83)H at Dwarka Court New Delhi.
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...Massimo Talia
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...lawyersonia
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE (PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) ACT, 2020
1. THE FARMERS’PRODUCE TRADEAND COMMERCE (PROMOTION
AND FACILITATION)ACT, 2020
NO. 21 OF 2020
[24th September, 2020.]
AnActtoprovideforthecreationofanecosystemwherethefarmersandtraders
enjoythefreedomofchoicerelatingtosaleandpurchaseoffarmers’produce
whichfacilitatesremunerativepricesthroughcompetitivealternativetrading
channels; to promote efficient, transparent and barrier-free inter-State and
intra-State trade and commerce of farmers’ produce outside the physical
premises of markets or deemed markets notified under various State
agriculturalproducemarketlegislations;toprovideafacilitativeframework
forelectronictradingandformattersconnectedtherewithorincidentalthereto.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventy-first Year of the Republic of India as
follows:—
CHAPTERI
PRELIMINARY
1. (1) This Act may be called the Farmers’Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion
and Facilitation)Act, 2020.
Short title and
commencement.
MINISTRY OF LAWAND JUSTICE
(Legislative Department)
New Delhi, the 27th September, 2020/Asvina 5, 1942 (Saka)
The following Act of Parliament received the assent of the President on the
24th September, 2020 and is hereby published for general information:—
vlk/kkj.k
EXTRAORDINARY
Hkkx II — [k.M 1
PART II — Section 1
izkf/kdkj ls izdkf'kr
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
lañ 46] ubZ fnYyh] jfookj] flrEcj 27] 2020@vkf'ou 5] 1942 ¼'kd½
No. 46] NEW DELHI, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2020/ASVINA 5, 1942 (SAKA)
bl Hkkx esa fHkUu i`"B la[;k nh tkrh gS ftlls fd ;g vyx ladyu ds :i esa j[kk tk ldsA
Separate paging is given to this Part in order that it may be filed as a separate compilation.
jftLVªh lañ Mhñ ,yñ—(,u)04@0007@2003—20 REGISTERED NO. DL—(N)04/0007/2003—20
xxxGIDHxxx
xxxGIDExxx
सी.जी.-डी.एल.-अ.-27092020-222039
CG-DL-E-27092020-222039
2. 2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
Definitions.
(2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 5th day of June, 2020.
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,––
(a) “electronic trading and transaction platform” means a platform set up to
facilitate direct and online buying and selling for conduct of trade and commerce of
farmers’ produce through a network of electronic devices and internet applications,
where each such transaction results in physical delivery of farmers’ produce;
(b) “farmer” means an individual engaged in the production of farmers’ produce
by self or by hired labour or otherwise, and includes the farmer producer organisation;
(c) “farmers’ produce” means,––
(i) foodstuffs including cereals like wheat, rice or other coarse grains,
pulses, edible oilseeds, oils, vegetables, fruits, nuts, spices, sugarcane and
products of poultry, piggery, goatery, fishery and dairy intended for human
consumption in its natural or processed form;
(ii) cattle fodder including oilcakes and other concentrates; and
(iii) raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, cotton seeds and raw jute;
(d) “farmer producer organisation” means an association or group of farmers, by
whatever name called,––
(i) registered under any law for the time being in force; or
(ii) promoted under a scheme or programme sponsored by the Central or
the State Government;
(e) “inter-State trade” means the act of buying or selling of farmers’ produce,
wherein a trader of one State buys the farmers’produce from the farmer or a trader of
another State and such farmers’ produce is transported to a State other than the State
in which the trader purchased such farmers’ produce or where such farmers’ produce
originated;
(f) “intra-State trade” means the act of buying or selling of farmers’ produce,
wherein a trader of one State buys the farmers’ produce from a farmer or a trader of the
same State in which the trader purchased such farmers’ produce or where such farmers’
produce originated;
(g) “notification” means a notification published by the Central Government or
the State Governments in the Official Gazette and the expressions “notify” and “notified”
shall be construed accordingly;
(h) “person” includes––
(a) an individual;
(b) a partnership firm;
(c) a company;
(d) a limited liability partnership;
(e) a co-operative society;
(f) a society; or
(g) any association or body of persons duly incorporated or recognised
as a group under any ongoing programmes of the Central Government or the
State Government;
(i) “prescribed” means prescribed by the rules made by the Central Government
under this Act;
3. SEC. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 3
(j) “scheduled farmers’ produce” means the agricultural produce specified under
any State APMC Act for regulation;
(k) “State” includes the Union territory;
(l) “State APMC Act” means any State legislation or Union territory legislation
in force in India, by whatever name called, which regulates markets for agricultural
produce in that State;
(m) “trade area” means any area or location, place of production, collection and
aggregation including––
(a) farm gates;
(b) factory premises;
(c) warehouses;
(d) silos;
(e) cold storages; or
(f) any other structures or places,
from where trade of farmers’ produce may be undertaken in the territory of India
but does not include the premises, enclosures and structures constituting––
(i) physical boundaries of principal market yards, sub-market yards
and market sub-yards managed and run by the market committees formed
under each State APMC Act in force in India; and
(ii) private market yards, private market sub-yards, direct marketing
collection centres, and private farmer-consumer market yards managed by
persons holding licenses or any warehouses, silos, cold storages or other
structures notified as markets or deemed markets under each StateAPMC
Act in force in India;
(n) “trader” means a person who buys farmers’ produce by way of inter-State
trade or intra-State trade or a combination thereof, either for self or on behalf of one or
more persons for the purpose of wholesale trade, retail, end-use, value addition,
processing, manufacturing, export, consumption or for such other purpose.
CHAPTERII
PROMOTION AND FACILITATION OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OF FARMERS’PRODUCE
3. Subject to the provisions of this Act, any farmer or trader or electronic trading and
transaction platform shall have the freedom to carry on the inter-State or intra-State trade and
commerce in farmers’ produce in a trade area.
4. (1) Any trader may engage in the inter-State trade or intra-State trade of scheduled
farmers’ produce with a farmer or another trader in a trade area:
Provided that no trader, except the farmer producer organisations or agricultural
co-operative society, shall trade in any scheduled farmers’produce unless such a trader has
a permanent account number allotted under the Income-taxAct, 1961 or such other document
as may be notified by the Central Government.
(2)The Central Government may, if it is of the opinion that it is necessary and expedient
in the public interest so to do, prescribe a system for electronic registration for a trader,
modalities of trade transaction and mode of payment of the scheduled farmers’ produce in a
trade area.
Freedom to
conduct trade
and commerce
in a trade area.
Trade and
commerce of
scheduled
farmers’produce.
43 of 1961.
4. 4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
(3) Every trader who transacts with farmers shall make payment for the traded scheduled
farmers’ produce on the same day or within the maximum three working days if procedurally
so required subject to the condition that the receipt of delivery mentioning the due payment
amount shall be given to the farmer on the same day:
Provided that the Central Government may prescribe a different procedure of payment
by farmer produce organisation or agriculture co-operative society, by whatever name called,
linked with the receipt of payment from the buyers.
5. (1)Any person (other than individual), having a permanent account number allotted
under the Income-tax Act, 1961or such other document as may be notified by the Central
Government or any farmer producer organisation or agricultural co-operative society may
establish and operate an electronic trading and transaction platform for facilitating
inter-State or intra-State trade and commerce of scheduled farmers’ produce in a trade area:
Provided that the person establishing and operating an electronic trading and transaction
platform shall prepare and implement the guidelines for fair trade practices such as mode of
trading, fees, technical parameters including inter-operability with other platforms, logistics
arrangments, quality assessment, timely payment, dissemination of guidelines in local
language of the place of operation of the platform and such other matters.
(2) If the Central Government is of the opinion that it is necessary and expedient in
public interest so to do, it may, for electronic trading platforms, by rules––
(a) specify the procedure, norms, manner of registration; and
(b) specify the code of conduct, technical parameters including inter-operability
with other platform and modalities of trade transaction including logistics arrangements
and quality assessment of scheduled farmers’ produce and mode of payment,
for facilitating fair inter-State and intra-State trade and commerce of scheduled farmers’
produce in a trade area.
6. No market fee or cess or levy, by whatever name called, under any StateAPMCAct
or any other State law, shall be levied on any farmer or trader or electronic trading and
transaction platform for trade and commerce in scheduled farmers’ produce in a trade area.
7. (1) The Central Government may, through any Central Government Organisation,
develop a Price Information and Market Intelligence System for farmers’ produce and a
framework for dissemination of information relating thereto.
(2) The Central Government may require any person owning and operating an electronic
trading and transaction platform to provide information regarding such transactions as may
be prescribed.
Explanation.––For the purposes of this section, the expression “Central Government
Organisation” includes any subordinate or attached office, Government owned or promoted
company or society.
CHAPTERIII
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
8. (1) In case of any dispute arising out of a transaction between the farmer and a trader
under section 4, the parties may seek a mutually acceptable solution through conciliation by
filing an application to the Sub-Divisional Magistrate who shall refer such dispute to a
Conciliation Board to be appointed by him for facilitating the binding settlement of the
dispute.
(2) Every Board of Conciliation appointed by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate under
sub-section (1), shall consist of a chairperson and such members not less than two and not
more than four, as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate may deem fit.
Electronic
trading and
transaction
platform.
Market fee
under State
APMC Act,
etc., in trade
area.
Price
Information
and Market
Intelligence
System.
Dispute
Resolution
Mechanism
for farmers.
43 of 1961.
5. SEC. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 5
(3) The chairperson shall be an officer serving under the supervision and control of
the Sub-Divisional Magistrate and the other members shall be persons appointed in equal
numbers to represent the parties to the dispute and any person appointed to represent a
party shall be appointed on the recommendation of that party:
Provided that, if any party fails to make such recommendation within seven days, the
Sub-Divisional Magistrate shall appoint such persons as he thinks fit to represent that party.
(4) Where, in respect of any dispute, a settlement is arrived at during the course of
conciliation proceedings, a memorandum of settlement shall be drawn accordingly and signed
by the parties to such dispute which shall be binding upon the parties.
(5) If the parties to the transaction under sub-section (1) are unable to resolve the
dispute within thirty days in the manner set out under this section, they may approach the
Sub-Divisional Magistrate concerned who shall be the “Sub-Divisional Authority” for
settlement of such dispute.
(6) The Sub-DivisionalAuthority on its own motion or on a petition or on the reference
from any Government agency take cognizance of any contravention of the provisions of
section 4 or rules made thereunder and take action under sub-section (7).
(7) The Sub-DivisionalAuthority shall decide the dispute or contravention under this
section in a summary manner within thirty days from the date of its filing and after giving the
parties an opportunity of being heard, he may––
(a) pass an order for the recovery of the amount under dispute; or
(b) impose a penalty as stipulated in sub-section (1) of section 11; or
(c) pass an order for restraining the trader in dispute from undertaking any trade
and commerce of scheduled farmers’produce, directly or indirectly under thisAct for
such period as it may deem fit.
(8) Any party aggrieved by the order of the Sub-Divisional Authority may prefer an
appeal before the Appellate Authority (Collector or Additional Collector nominated by the
Collector) within thirty days of such order who shall dispose of the appeal within thirty days
from the date of filing of such appeal.
(9) Every order of the Sub-Divisional Authority or Appellate Authority under this
section shall have force of the decree of a civil court and shall be enforceable as such, and
decretal amount shall be recovered as arrears of land revenue.
(10) The manner and procedure for filing a petition or an application before the
Sub-Divisional Authority and appeal before the appellate authority shall be such as may be
prescribed.
9. (1) The Agriculture Marketing Adviser, Directorate of Marketing and Inspection,
Government of India or an officer of the State Government to whom such powers are delegated
by the Central Government in consultation with the respective State Government may, on its
own motion or on a petition or on the reference from any GovernmentAgency, take cognizance
of any breach of the procedures, norms, manner of registration and code of conduct or any
breach of the guidelines for fair trade practices by the electronic trading and transaction
platform established under section 5 or contravenes the provisions of section 7 and, by an
order within sixty days from the date of receipt and for the reasons to be recorded, he may—
(a) pass an order for the recovery of the amount payable to the farmers and
traders;
(b) impose a penalty as stipulated in sub-section (2) of section 11; or
(c) suspend for such period as he deems fit or cancel the right to operate as an
electronic trading and transaction platform:
Suspension or
cancellation
of right to
operate in
electronic
trading and
transaction
platform.
6. 6 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
Provided that no order for recovery of amount, imposition of penalty or suspension or
cancellation of the right to operate shall be passed without giving the operator of such
electronic trading and transaction platform an opportunity of being heard.
(2) Every order made under sub-section (1) shall have force of the decree of a civil
court and shall be enforceable as such and the decretal amount shall be recovered as arrears
of land revenue.
10. (1)Any person aggrieved by an order under section 9 may, prefer an appeal within
sixty days from the date of such order, to an officer not below the rank of Joint Secretary to
the Government of India to be nominated by the Central Government for this purpose:
Provided that an appeal may be admitted even after the expiry of the said period of
sixty days, but not beyond a total period of ninety days, if the appellant satisfies the appellate
authority, that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the said period.
(2) Every appeal made under this section shall be made in such form and manner, and
shall be accompanied by a copy of the order appealed against and by such fees as may be
prescribed.
(3) The procedure for disposing of an appeal shall be such as may be prescribed.
(4)An appeal filed under this section shall be heard and disposed of within a period of
ninety days from the date of its filing:
Provided that before disposing of an appeal, the appellant shall be given an opportunity
of being heard.
CHAPTERIV
PENALTIES
11. (1) Whoever contravenes the provisions of section 4 or the rules made thereunder
shall be liable to pay a penalty which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but
which may extend up to five lakh rupees, and where the contravention is a continuing one,
further penalty not exceeding five thousand rupees for each day after the first day during
which the contravention continues.
(2) If any person, who owns, controls or operates an electronic trading and transaction
platform, contravenes the provisions of sections 5 and 7 or the rules made thereunder shall
be liable to pay a penalty which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees but which may
extend up to ten lakh rupees, and where the contravention is a continuing one, further
penalty not exceeding ten thousand rupees for each day after the first day during which the
contravention continues.
CHAPTERV
MISCELLANEOUS
12. The Central Government may, for carrying out the provisions of thisAct, give such
instructions, directions, orders or issue guidelines as it may deem necessary to any authority
or officer subordinate to the Central Government, any State Government or any authority or
officer subordinate to a State Government, an electronic trading and transaction platform or
to any person or persons owning or operating an electronic trading and transaction platform,
or a trader or class of traders.
13. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Central
Government or the State Government, or any officer of the Central Government or the State
Government or any other person in respect of anything which is in good faith done or
intended to be done under this Act or of any rules or orders made thereunder.
Appeal against
cancellation
of right to
operate.
Penalty for
contravention
of Act and
rules.
Powers of
Central
Government
to issue
instructions,
directions,
orders or
guidelines.
Protection of
action taken
in good faith.
7. SEC. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 7
14. The provisions of thisAct shall have effect, notwithstanding anything inconsistent
therewith contained in any StateAPMCAct or any other law for time being in force or in any
instrument having effect by virtue of any law for the time being in force.
15. No civil court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any suit or proceedings in respect
of any matter, the cognizance of which can be taken and disposed of by any authority
empowered by or under this Act or the rules made thereunder.
16. Nothing contained in this Act, shall be applicable to the Stock Exchanges and
Clearing Corporations recognised under the Securities Contracts (Regulation)Act, 1956 and
the transactions made thereunder.
17. (1) The Central Government may, by notification, make rules for carrying out the
provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the forgoing power, such
rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:––
(a) the system of electronic registration for a trader and modalities of trade
transaction of scheduled farmers’ produce under sub-section (2) of section 4;
(b) the procedure of payment under proviso to sub-section (3) of section 4;
(c) the manner and procedure for filing a petition or an application before the
Sub-Divisional Authority and appeal before the appellate authority under
sub-section (10) of section 8;
(d) the information regarding transactions under sub-section (2) of section 9;
(e) the form and manner and the fee payable for filing an appeal under
sub-section (2) of section 10;
(f) the procedure for disposing of an appeal under sub-section (3) of section 10;
(g) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed.
18. Every rule made by the Central Government under thisAct shall be laid, as soon as
may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total
period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive
sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the
successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or
both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only
in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such
modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously
done under that rule.
19. (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the Central
Government may, by order published in the Official Gazette, make such provisions not
inconsistent with the provisions of thisAct as may appear to it to be necessary for removing
the difficulty:
Provided that no order shall be made under this section after the expiry of the period of
three years from the date of commencement of this Act.
(2) Every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after it is made, be laid
before each House of Parliament.
20. (1) The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation)
Ordinance, 2020 is hereby repealed.
Act to have
overriding
effect.
Bar of
jurisdiction of
civil court.
Act not to
apply to
certain
transactions.
Power of
Central
Government
to make rules.
Laying of
rules.
Power to
remove
difficulties.
Repeal and
savings.
42 of 1956.
Ord. 10 of
2020.
8. ram
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action under the said Ordinance,
shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of thisAct.
————
DR. G. NARAYANA RAJU,
Secretary to the Govt. of India.
MGIPMRND—858GI—27-09-2020.
UPLOADED BY THE MANAGER, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PRESS, MINTO ROAD, NEW DELHI–110002
AND PUBLISHED BY THE CONTROLLER OF PUBLICATIONS, DELHI–110054.
8 THEGAZETTEOFINDIAEXTRAORDINARY [PART II— SEC. 1]
SUBIR
NARAYA
N GARAI
Digitally signed
by SUBIR
NARAYAN GARAI
Date: 2020.09.27
17:41:09 +05'30'