43. WARS
The United States engaged in significant direct and
indirect conflict in the decade via alliances with various
groups in a number of Central and South American
countries claiming that the U.S. was acting to oppose the
spread of communism and end illicit drug trade.
The U.S. government supported the government of
Colombia s attempts to destroy its large illicit cocaine-
trafficking industry and provided support for right-wing
military government in the Salvadoran civil war which
became controversial after the El Mozote massacre on
December 11, 1981 in which U.S.-trained Salvadoran
paramilitaries killed 1000 Salvadoran civilians.
45. Operation Opera - a 1981 surprise Israeli air strike
that destroyed the Iraqi nuclear reactor being
constructed in Osirak. Israeli military intelligence
assumed this was for the purpose of plutonium
production to further an Iraqi nuclear weapons
program. Israeli intelligence also believed that the
summer of 1981 would be the last chance to destroy
the reactor before it would be loaded with nuclear
fuel.
President Reagan's decision to station intermediate-
range nuclear missiles in Western Europe provoked
mass protests involving more than one million people.
46.
47. DECOLONIZATION AND INDEPENDENCE:
Canada gained official independence from the United
Kingdom with a new Constitution on 17 April
1982, authorized by the signature by Elizabeth II. This act
severed all political dependencies of the United Kingdom
in Canada (although the Queen remained the titular head
of state).
In 1986, Australia and the United Kingdom fully separated
Australia's governments from the influence of the British
Parliament, resulting in a consolidation of Australia's
independence that had been granted a century before.
48. Prominent political events:
USA:
Ronald Reagan was elected U.S. President in
1980. In international affairs, Reagan pursued a
hardline policy towards preventing the spread of
communism, initiating a considerable buildup of
U.S. military power to challenge the Soviet
Union. He further directly challenges the Iron
Curtain by demanding that the Soviet Union
dismantle the Berlin Wall.
