The Difference Between Juvenile and Adult Criminal Court
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•250 views
An experienced legal professional, Paul Seeman most recently maintained a position as a judge with the Alameda County Superior Court in Oakland, California. Throughout his career, Paul Seeman has focused much of his work on juvenile court, both in delinquency and dependency
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
What Employment Laws Apply To Me?
American workplaces offer an opportunity for men and women who possess certain skill sets to enjoy long, bountiful careers. Federal and California state laws protect wages, health benefits, and safety within each sector of employment. Sometimes, however, employers purposely infringe on employee rights, taking away opportunities from deserving individuals and giving them to ‘buddies’ or those who may benefit them personally later down the road. If a California worker has been discriminated against in the workplace, has been wrongfully terminated, has experienced sexual harassment, or has been the victim of wage fraud, contact the Los Angeles employment law attorney at The Rager Law Firm who is ready to investigate your case and work to secure any compensation you may be entitled to.
SSA's ALJs Were Unconstitutionally Appointed Prior to July 16, 2018
The Supreme Court ruled in Lucia v. SEC that administrative law judges (ALJs) of the Securities and Exchange Commission were improperly appointed under the Constitution if not appointed by the head of the agency. This ruling also applies to ALJs of the Social Security Administration. Disability representatives should object in letters to unfavorable rulings by SSA ALJs before July 16, 2018, requesting reassignment to a new ALJ, as the prior ALJ was not properly appointed under Lucia. Lucia can also apply to federal court appeals of social security disability cases.
2 revision topics
The document outlines various topics related to crime and the law, government and politics in the UK and US, and government in Scotland. It discusses types of crimes and their causes and impacts. It also examines approaches to tackling crime, the criminal justice system, and custodial sentences. For politics, it explores the US system of government, rights and responsibilities, immigration issues, and social and economic inequalities. Regarding government in Scotland, it covers representation in the Scottish Parliament and local councils, political participation, and the influence of pressure groups.
Chapters 31 and 34
To get married, most states require obtaining a marriage license, undergoing a waiting period, and participating in a marriage ceremony. Reasons for annulling a marriage include being underage, too closely related, already married, or consent obtained through fraud. Non-traditional relationships can include common law marriages or contractual cohabitation agreements. Divorce requires showing that the marriage is irretrievably broken or proving fault such as adultery or abandonment. Property and children are divided up in divorces based on separate vs marital property and the best interests of the child.
Hire with Confidence: How to Comply with "Ban the Box" and Other Trending Hir...
A review of the Ban the Box movement & your hiring process, state-compliant job applications & criminal background checks.
MLDA to 18
The document argues that the minimum legal drinking age in the U.S. should be lowered to 18 for several reasons. It notes that underage drinking is already common and lowers compliance with the law. Lowering the age would allow those who can join the military or be prosecuted as adults to also drink. Many European countries teach responsible drinking to youth under adult supervision, resulting in less binge drinking than in the U.S. The conclusion is that lowering the age would encourage safer, more controlled drinking environments for young adults.
KNOW WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES?
Everyone is capable of committing a crime. In fact, we’re all probably guilty of bending the law at one point or another. But a lot of research has been done to find out what kind of people become criminals, and what environmental factors may lead someone to break the law.
Know more: https://www.icfeci.com/criminal-investigations/
Drinking age111111
This document discusses whether the legal drinking age in the United States should be lowered from 21 to a younger age. It presents statistics showing that teens who drink before age 15 are more likely to develop alcohol dependence. Additionally, states with stricter alcohol control policies tend to have lower binge drinking rates among adults and college students. The document also outlines the history of raising the drinking age to 21 nationally in the 1980s and presents potential pros and cons of lowering the age. In the end, it argues that the drinking age should remain at 21 given that most teens are not mature enough to handle alcohol and lowering it could lead to more traffic accidents, unplanned sex, violence and other issues.
Recommended
What Employment Laws Apply To Me?
American workplaces offer an opportunity for men and women who possess certain skill sets to enjoy long, bountiful careers. Federal and California state laws protect wages, health benefits, and safety within each sector of employment. Sometimes, however, employers purposely infringe on employee rights, taking away opportunities from deserving individuals and giving them to ‘buddies’ or those who may benefit them personally later down the road. If a California worker has been discriminated against in the workplace, has been wrongfully terminated, has experienced sexual harassment, or has been the victim of wage fraud, contact the Los Angeles employment law attorney at The Rager Law Firm who is ready to investigate your case and work to secure any compensation you may be entitled to.
SSA's ALJs Were Unconstitutionally Appointed Prior to July 16, 2018
The Supreme Court ruled in Lucia v. SEC that administrative law judges (ALJs) of the Securities and Exchange Commission were improperly appointed under the Constitution if not appointed by the head of the agency. This ruling also applies to ALJs of the Social Security Administration. Disability representatives should object in letters to unfavorable rulings by SSA ALJs before July 16, 2018, requesting reassignment to a new ALJ, as the prior ALJ was not properly appointed under Lucia. Lucia can also apply to federal court appeals of social security disability cases.
2 revision topics
The document outlines various topics related to crime and the law, government and politics in the UK and US, and government in Scotland. It discusses types of crimes and their causes and impacts. It also examines approaches to tackling crime, the criminal justice system, and custodial sentences. For politics, it explores the US system of government, rights and responsibilities, immigration issues, and social and economic inequalities. Regarding government in Scotland, it covers representation in the Scottish Parliament and local councils, political participation, and the influence of pressure groups.
Chapters 31 and 34
To get married, most states require obtaining a marriage license, undergoing a waiting period, and participating in a marriage ceremony. Reasons for annulling a marriage include being underage, too closely related, already married, or consent obtained through fraud. Non-traditional relationships can include common law marriages or contractual cohabitation agreements. Divorce requires showing that the marriage is irretrievably broken or proving fault such as adultery or abandonment. Property and children are divided up in divorces based on separate vs marital property and the best interests of the child.
Hire with Confidence: How to Comply with "Ban the Box" and Other Trending Hir...
A review of the Ban the Box movement & your hiring process, state-compliant job applications & criminal background checks.
MLDA to 18
The document argues that the minimum legal drinking age in the U.S. should be lowered to 18 for several reasons. It notes that underage drinking is already common and lowers compliance with the law. Lowering the age would allow those who can join the military or be prosecuted as adults to also drink. Many European countries teach responsible drinking to youth under adult supervision, resulting in less binge drinking than in the U.S. The conclusion is that lowering the age would encourage safer, more controlled drinking environments for young adults.
KNOW WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES?
Everyone is capable of committing a crime. In fact, we’re all probably guilty of bending the law at one point or another. But a lot of research has been done to find out what kind of people become criminals, and what environmental factors may lead someone to break the law.
Know more: https://www.icfeci.com/criminal-investigations/
Drinking age111111
This document discusses whether the legal drinking age in the United States should be lowered from 21 to a younger age. It presents statistics showing that teens who drink before age 15 are more likely to develop alcohol dependence. Additionally, states with stricter alcohol control policies tend to have lower binge drinking rates among adults and college students. The document also outlines the history of raising the drinking age to 21 nationally in the 1980s and presents potential pros and cons of lowering the age. In the end, it argues that the drinking age should remain at 21 given that most teens are not mature enough to handle alcohol and lowering it could lead to more traffic accidents, unplanned sex, violence and other issues.
Drinking Age: 21 or 18
The document discusses arguments for and against lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18. It notes that at age 18 individuals are considered adults in many ways such as being able to vote, join the military, and be tried as adults for crimes. However, changing the drinking age to 21 led to more binge drinking among college students. The document suggests that allowing 18-year-olds to drink could help them learn responsibility from their parents and prevent binge drinking behaviors. It concludes by arguing for alcohol education and licensing of 18-year-olds instead of an outright ban.
Legal drinking age
The document discusses the legal drinking age in the United States, which is currently 21. This age was established by the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which requires all states to enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21. Some arguments for lowering the age to 18 are that 18 is the legal age to vote and join the military, and 18 year olds should be considered legally adult. However, studies show underage college drinking is irresponsible because it is forbidden, and prohibition laws in the past did not work and caused other issues. The document argues the legal age should be lowered to 18 but with education on responsible drinking.
Penalties for Driving Under the Influence in Georgia
As a sole practitioner of the law in Canton, Georgia, Michael Vereen accepts a variety of civil and criminal cases. Michael Vereen has represented many individuals charged with driving under the influence (DUI).
Lowering the drinking age
The document argues that the legal drinking age in the US should be lowered to 18 for several reasons:
- Most other countries allow drinking at 18. People aged 18 can vote, serve in the military, get married, and be tried as adults, so they should be able to decide whether to drink. Forbidding drinking until 21 promotes binge drinking when alcohol is obtained. Making it legal at 18 could reduce problems from unsafe drinking behaviors.
Jay paul deratany the largest settlement
Jay Paul Deratany is a Chicago attorney who specializes in personal injury cases. He obtained the largest jury verdict in Lake County history, a $23 million settlement for a client. He also partially settled another case for $9 million on behalf of an autistic foster child who suffered a severe blow to the head and was left with catastrophic injuries. Deratany received his undergraduate degree from Michigan State University and his law degree from DePaul University.
Disability Discrimination Attorney And Labor Employment Attorney
John Valentine Jr. has over 20 years of experience representing employers and employees in discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination and wage/hour cases. He provides legal advice to employers on various employment law issues including discipline, termination, harassment training, and wage payment. Mr. Valentine also represents both employers and employees in trade secret misappropriation cases and provides counsel on trade secret protection and unfair competition. Discrimination based on characteristics like age, sex, disability, and genetic information is prohibited under state and federal law. Employers must provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities and engage in an interactive process. California is an at-will employment state but terminations cannot be for illegal reasons. Wage/hour laws require overtime pay rates for
Drinking at 18 Research Presentation
The document discusses arguments for and against lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 in the United States. It notes that in the 1950s-1960s before a set drinking age, highway fatalities ranged from 40,000-55,000 per year. Studies show that most college students drink regardless of age, and binge drinking can harm brain development and increase health and legal risks for young adults. However, setting the age to 21 has not eliminated unsafe drinking behaviors and many other countries have lower drinking ages without greater issues. Overall safety is a primary concern regarding this complex debate.
Rights of an accused in a status offense
For more information visit: https://www.getlegal.com/legal-info-center/criminal-law/fundamental-rights-of-the-accused/
Juvenile Justice System
The juvenile justice system aims to rehabilitate youth offenders rather than punish them. For first-time and status offenders, diversion programs like probation and treatment are preferred. Juvenile delinquents seen as hardened criminals are more likely to be tried in adult court. If tried in juvenile court, youth go through adjudication instead of trial and, if found delinquent, a disposition hearing to determine placement such as probation, treatment programs, or juvenile facilities. Records are typically sealed when youth turn 18 or 21.
Juvenile delinquency and juvenile crime
The document discusses juvenile delinquency and the differences between juvenile and criminal court systems. It defines juvenile delinquency as antisocial behavior by a juvenile that is beyond parental control. Status offenses are activities that would not be illegal for adults but are offenses for juveniles, like truancy. While juvenile courts focus on rehabilitation, criminal courts emphasize deterrence and justice. There are similarities in how both systems process and try cases, but juvenile courts have more flexibility in sentencing and aim to rehabilitate youths rather than punish them. Research shows trying juveniles as adults does not effectively deter crime and may increase recidivism rates.
Juvenile Justice
The document outlines key differences between juvenile proceedings and criminal proceedings:
1) Juvenile proceedings focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment and aim to avoid stigma, while criminal proceedings emphasize punishment.
2) Juvenile proceedings provide certain due process rights like notice, counsel, confrontation, and privilege against self-incrimination that were established in In re Gault.
3) Juveniles can be tried in juvenile court under juvenile justice processes or transferred to adult criminal court through waiver, legislative exclusion, or prosecutorial discretion.
7Victims’ Rights and the CriminalJustice SystemCHAPTER.docx
7
Victims’ Rights and the Criminal
Justice System
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Adult Criminal Justice System Versus the
Juvenile Justice System
Toward Greater Formal Legal Rights Within the
Criminal Justice System
The Quest for a Constitutional Amendment
Guaranteeing Victims’ Rights
The Achievements of the Victims’ Rights Movement
Rights Gained at the Expense of Offenders
Rights Gained at the Expense of the System
Rights Gained at the Expense of Offenders, the System,
or Both
Victims and Prosecutors
Assisting Victims and Other Witnesses for the State
Protecting Victims Who Serve as Witnesses for the
Prosecution
Dismissing Charges and Rejecting Cases
Negotiating Pleas
Victims and Defense Attorneys
Postponing Hearings
Cross-Examining Witnesses During Trials
Victims and Judges
Granting Bail
Sentencing Offenders
Appealing to the Supreme Court
Victims and Juries
Victims and Corrections Officials
Keeping Track of Offenders and Receiving
Reimbursement from Them
Influencing Parole Board Decisions
And Justice for All?
Recognizing “Second-Class” Treatment
Summary
Key Terms Defined in the Glossary
Questions for Discussion and Debate
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Research Projects
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To realize that some cases of interpersonal violence
and theft will be handled in the juvenile justice
system.
To become familiar with the legal rights victims have
gained in recent decades.
continued
205
9781337027786, Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology, Ninth Edition, Karmen - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
THE ADULT CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM VERSUS THE JUVENILE
JUSTICE SYSTEM
This chapter examines what might happen in cases
that the police have solved by arresting an adult. As
the fate of the accused person is determined by the
criminal justice system, victims will interact with
prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, juries,
and—if the defendant is convicted—corrections
officials. Cooperation is the desired outcome, but
conflict might erupt over certain divisive issues
with these criminal justice professionals and the
agencies that employ them.
Note that this chapter focuses on how cases are
processed by the legal system when adults are
arrested by the police. Each state has the authority
under the constitution to determine at what age
adulthood begins and for which crimes this distinc-
tion applies. For example, in New York, state legis-
lators decided that persons as young as 16 might be
considered as adults, and their cases could be pro-
cessed in the adult system. When the police arrest a
suspect as young as 13 for murder, he could be con-
sidered as sufficiently mature to face adult penalties,
such as a life sentence, if the prosecutor chooses to
pursue this get-tough option. In nearly all the other
states, the age when individuals can be held fully
responsible for their criminal behavior is 18.
In ...
Juvenile Justice SystemComment by Jamie Price Good job.docx
Juvenile Justice System Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with the title page
Chalyne A. Arvie
CPSS235
26FEB2018
JAMIE PRICE
Running head: JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
1
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
7
Juvenile Justice System
Juvenile Justice System Development Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with using headings.
But your first paragraph should be an introduction.
Introduce the main points that will be covered. Let the reader know where the paper is going.
Refer to my help documents associated with this assignment for assistance with creating a good academic introduction.
In the United States, the adolescent court framework was established more than ten years before the main court establishment in 1899 in Illinois. Before its formation, all youngsters were considered as adults or grownup where they were punished in similar ways as adults. Prior to the creation of juvenile courts, the common law's infancy defense provided the only special protections for young offenders charged with crimes. The common law conclusively presumed that children younger than seven years of age lacked criminal capacity, while those fourteen years of age and older possessed full criminal responsibility. Comment by Jamie Price: This is good information but you need to cite your work.
If the information isn’t common knowledge, you need to cite it using in-text citations.
Some basic formats are:
Blah blah blah (Last name, year).
According to Last name (year), blah blah blah.
Last name (year) reported that “blah blah blah” (p. #).
“Blah blah blah” (Last name, year, p. #).
The history of the juvenile justice system dates as far back as to the bible to Roman Era time. In this period, it was the parent’s responsibility to punish their children, unless the child is in need of a more severe consequences. In the middle ages, common law was established in England. The use of shires, reeves, and chancellors were used. When being punished, the English used the same punishments on children over the age of seven as an adult. In eighteenth-century London, jails were created based upon workhouses. On July 1899, United States established the first juvenile justice system located in Illinois. The Illinois legislature passed the Illinois Juvenile Act that would disciple accordingly to children under the age of sixteen. The juvenile courts were to take jurisdiction over the children (Champion, Merlo, & Benekos, 2013). Comment by Jamie Price: Try to remove unnecessary words.
“is in need of a” = needs Comment by Jamie Price: Good job citing your work.
Predominant Philosophy of the Juvenile System
Alterations in the social origination ideology of youngsters and the system of cultural control in the nineteenth-century y led to the establishment of the very first juvenile court in 1899. To differentiate between the young and adult offenders, progressive philosophers made efforts to reform the juvenile court system. They developed new thoughts regarding adolescence and made the court ...
Juvenile Justice Systems Day 2
- The juvenile justice system originated from the idea that children should be treated differently than adults under the law due to their immaturity. In the past, children were punished the same as adults, including facing the death penalty.
- The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899. This started a movement where other states created separate courts to handle juvenile offenders with the goal of rehabilitation due to children's undeveloped decision making.
- Juvenile courts have jurisdiction over juvenile offenders and certain status offenses. Status offenses are actions that would not be considered criminal if committed by an adult, such as truancy or underage drinking.
Juveniles Tried as Adults .docx
Juveniles Tried as Adults
Juveniles Tried as Adults
Research Thesis Paper
Juveniles Tried as Adults
It found that the compromise between punishment and healing for juvenile offenders is a dilemma that the United States have to face since the inception of its judicial system. After declaring self-rule from Britain, the United States modeled its lawful system after the one well-known United Kingdom. It meant that, in the eyes of the law, little difference was made between children and adults. Kids as could be tried as adults if warranted by their crime. At the end of 18th century, psychologists and sociologists began to recognize the emerging notion of adolescence as a developmentally different era of life. This is the idea of managing adolescent offender outer of the adult court became more widely accepted but keeping in line with the idea that juvenile delinquent requires special care and treatment. In this case, the society had a role to play in the prevention of Juvenile delinquency that opened the first facility for disturbed youth in 1825. New York House of Refuge, on the other hand, was created as an option for juveniles who had committed an illegal act that would have likely earned them time in jail. But in 1899, what came into existence is the development of first juvenile court in the United States came into existence in Cook County, Illinois. The rationale that was behind the forming a separate justice system for youths. Its evident that this was based on the British set of guidelines for parens patriae, which gives a State meaning as a parent. What is provided by Sickmund and Snyder is that the set of instructions was to give an interpretation with a mean because children were not of full legal capacity, the state had the inborn power and accountability to protect children whose natural parents were not providing suitable care or supervision. The court system viewed insufficient parenting as part of the problem with delinquent youth and reasoned that, with proper intervention, troubled juveniles could be put back on the path towards becoming law-abiding, productive members of their communities.
In 1899 United States of America, made legal history when the world's first juvenile court opened in Chicago. The court was founded on two fundamental principles. First, juveniles lack the maturity to take responsibility for their actions the way adults could. Secondly, because, their personality was not yet fully developed, what could be noted is that they could receive proper corrective measures more successfully than adult criminals. More than a century later, these principles remain the benchmarks of juvenile justice in the United States.
A rising number of crimes committed by the kids are being subjected to trial as adults much the way they might have been before the beginning of juvenile courts. This stems from public outra ...
Child Molestation – About A Good Defense Lawyer.pdf
John R Grasso is a top-rated attorney who is admitted to practice law in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and the Federal District Courts, with an impressive track record of great successes on his CV.
Dismissing a Criminal Conviction in California
Only experienced California criminal defense attorney can review the facts of your case and provide you with advice about your eligibility; however, a basic understanding of the criteria for dismissal and the procedures involved may be beneficial in the meantime. Learn more about dismissing criminal conviction in California in this presentation.
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Report
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Reportaffordablebackgroundchecks
Most of the time it is seen that people with past juvenile records face problems in getting a job or other social benefits. While there are instances where past criminal offences don’t pose any hindrance in getting a job of your choice. There are several rules and regulations governing juvenile criminal records and their applicability to jobs & states differ accordingly. Have a look at the slide to know whether your juvenile record will turn up in a criminal background check.2 Page Writing Sample Word
The document argues that juveniles who commit severe crimes should be tried as adults. It discusses the history of juvenile courts and how cases can be transferred to adult court through statutory, judicial, or prosecutorial waiver. While juvenile courts aim to rehabilitate youth, the author believes some juveniles are incapable of rehabilitation and will reoffend if released. Therefore, juveniles who commit crimes like murder or rape should face the same consequences as adults, including the possibility of life imprisonment or capital punishment, regardless of their age.
Misdemeanors vs. Felonies
Since 1991, Randall Isenberg has led as managing partner of Randall Blair Isenberg, P.C., a law firm in Dallas, Texas. Randall Isenberg offers representation for clients facing a broad range of charges, including misdemeanors as well as felonies.
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries
Age of Criminal responsibility and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
A Compilation by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRightsAn Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States(HOAFPGe.docx
An Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States
(HO/AFP/Getty Images/Newscom)
Learning objectives
AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
· Explain the concept of parens patriae.
· Differentiate between the types of juvenile offenders, including delinquents and status offenders.
· Explain the structure of the juvenile justice system and the roles and functions of various juvenile justice agencies.
· Summarize how juvenile offenders are processed through the criminal justice system.
· Understand the meaning of the deinstitutionalization of status offenders.
Introduction
The juvenile justice system is unique. This book explains the system and how it has evolved. The organization of this chapter is as follows: First, the juvenile justice system is described. Certain features of juvenile justice are similar in all states. Various professionals work with youth, and they represent both public and private agencies and organizations. From police officers to counselors, professionals endeavor to improve the lives of youth.
Every jurisdiction has its own criteria for determining who juveniles are and whether they are under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. A majority of states classify juveniles as youth who range in age from 7 to 17 years, and juvenile courts in these states have jurisdiction over these youth. Some states have no minimum-age provisions and consider each case on its own merits, regardless of the age of the juvenile.
Because juveniles are not considered adults and, therefore, fully responsible for some of their actions, special laws have been established that pertain only to them. Thus, violations specific to juveniles are referred to as status offenses. Juveniles who commit such infractions are categorized as status offenders. Juveniles who engage in acts that are categorized as crimes are juvenile delinquents, and their actions are labeled juvenile delinquency. In brief, delinquent acts for youth would be crimes if committed by adults. By contrast, status offenses are not considered crimes if adults engage in them. Examples of status offenses include runaway behavior, truancy, unruly behavior, and curfew violation. The characteristics of youth involved in such behaviors will also be described.
In 1974, the U.S. Congress enacted the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). This act, although not binding on the states, encouraged all states to remove their status offenders from secure institutions—namely secure juvenile residential or custodial facilities—where they were being held. States subsequently removed status offenders from institutions and placed these youth with community, social service, or welfare agencies. This process is called the deinstitutionalization of status offenses (DSO) and will be described in some detail.
Next, a general overview of the juvenile justice system is presented. While later chapters will focus upon each of these components in greater detail, the juven.
More Related Content
What's hot
Drinking Age: 21 or 18
The document discusses arguments for and against lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18. It notes that at age 18 individuals are considered adults in many ways such as being able to vote, join the military, and be tried as adults for crimes. However, changing the drinking age to 21 led to more binge drinking among college students. The document suggests that allowing 18-year-olds to drink could help them learn responsibility from their parents and prevent binge drinking behaviors. It concludes by arguing for alcohol education and licensing of 18-year-olds instead of an outright ban.
Legal drinking age
The document discusses the legal drinking age in the United States, which is currently 21. This age was established by the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which requires all states to enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21. Some arguments for lowering the age to 18 are that 18 is the legal age to vote and join the military, and 18 year olds should be considered legally adult. However, studies show underage college drinking is irresponsible because it is forbidden, and prohibition laws in the past did not work and caused other issues. The document argues the legal age should be lowered to 18 but with education on responsible drinking.
Penalties for Driving Under the Influence in Georgia
As a sole practitioner of the law in Canton, Georgia, Michael Vereen accepts a variety of civil and criminal cases. Michael Vereen has represented many individuals charged with driving under the influence (DUI).
Lowering the drinking age
The document argues that the legal drinking age in the US should be lowered to 18 for several reasons:
- Most other countries allow drinking at 18. People aged 18 can vote, serve in the military, get married, and be tried as adults, so they should be able to decide whether to drink. Forbidding drinking until 21 promotes binge drinking when alcohol is obtained. Making it legal at 18 could reduce problems from unsafe drinking behaviors.
Jay paul deratany the largest settlement
Jay Paul Deratany is a Chicago attorney who specializes in personal injury cases. He obtained the largest jury verdict in Lake County history, a $23 million settlement for a client. He also partially settled another case for $9 million on behalf of an autistic foster child who suffered a severe blow to the head and was left with catastrophic injuries. Deratany received his undergraduate degree from Michigan State University and his law degree from DePaul University.
Disability Discrimination Attorney And Labor Employment Attorney
John Valentine Jr. has over 20 years of experience representing employers and employees in discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination and wage/hour cases. He provides legal advice to employers on various employment law issues including discipline, termination, harassment training, and wage payment. Mr. Valentine also represents both employers and employees in trade secret misappropriation cases and provides counsel on trade secret protection and unfair competition. Discrimination based on characteristics like age, sex, disability, and genetic information is prohibited under state and federal law. Employers must provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities and engage in an interactive process. California is an at-will employment state but terminations cannot be for illegal reasons. Wage/hour laws require overtime pay rates for
Drinking at 18 Research Presentation
The document discusses arguments for and against lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 in the United States. It notes that in the 1950s-1960s before a set drinking age, highway fatalities ranged from 40,000-55,000 per year. Studies show that most college students drink regardless of age, and binge drinking can harm brain development and increase health and legal risks for young adults. However, setting the age to 21 has not eliminated unsafe drinking behaviors and many other countries have lower drinking ages without greater issues. Overall safety is a primary concern regarding this complex debate.
What's hot (7)
Penalties for Driving Under the Influence in Georgia
Penalties for Driving Under the Influence in Georgia
Disability Discrimination Attorney And Labor Employment Attorney
Disability Discrimination Attorney And Labor Employment Attorney
Similar to The Difference Between Juvenile and Adult Criminal Court
Rights of an accused in a status offense
For more information visit: https://www.getlegal.com/legal-info-center/criminal-law/fundamental-rights-of-the-accused/
Juvenile Justice System
The juvenile justice system aims to rehabilitate youth offenders rather than punish them. For first-time and status offenders, diversion programs like probation and treatment are preferred. Juvenile delinquents seen as hardened criminals are more likely to be tried in adult court. If tried in juvenile court, youth go through adjudication instead of trial and, if found delinquent, a disposition hearing to determine placement such as probation, treatment programs, or juvenile facilities. Records are typically sealed when youth turn 18 or 21.
Juvenile delinquency and juvenile crime
The document discusses juvenile delinquency and the differences between juvenile and criminal court systems. It defines juvenile delinquency as antisocial behavior by a juvenile that is beyond parental control. Status offenses are activities that would not be illegal for adults but are offenses for juveniles, like truancy. While juvenile courts focus on rehabilitation, criminal courts emphasize deterrence and justice. There are similarities in how both systems process and try cases, but juvenile courts have more flexibility in sentencing and aim to rehabilitate youths rather than punish them. Research shows trying juveniles as adults does not effectively deter crime and may increase recidivism rates.
Juvenile Justice
The document outlines key differences between juvenile proceedings and criminal proceedings:
1) Juvenile proceedings focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment and aim to avoid stigma, while criminal proceedings emphasize punishment.
2) Juvenile proceedings provide certain due process rights like notice, counsel, confrontation, and privilege against self-incrimination that were established in In re Gault.
3) Juveniles can be tried in juvenile court under juvenile justice processes or transferred to adult criminal court through waiver, legislative exclusion, or prosecutorial discretion.
7Victims’ Rights and the CriminalJustice SystemCHAPTER.docx
7
Victims’ Rights and the Criminal
Justice System
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Adult Criminal Justice System Versus the
Juvenile Justice System
Toward Greater Formal Legal Rights Within the
Criminal Justice System
The Quest for a Constitutional Amendment
Guaranteeing Victims’ Rights
The Achievements of the Victims’ Rights Movement
Rights Gained at the Expense of Offenders
Rights Gained at the Expense of the System
Rights Gained at the Expense of Offenders, the System,
or Both
Victims and Prosecutors
Assisting Victims and Other Witnesses for the State
Protecting Victims Who Serve as Witnesses for the
Prosecution
Dismissing Charges and Rejecting Cases
Negotiating Pleas
Victims and Defense Attorneys
Postponing Hearings
Cross-Examining Witnesses During Trials
Victims and Judges
Granting Bail
Sentencing Offenders
Appealing to the Supreme Court
Victims and Juries
Victims and Corrections Officials
Keeping Track of Offenders and Receiving
Reimbursement from Them
Influencing Parole Board Decisions
And Justice for All?
Recognizing “Second-Class” Treatment
Summary
Key Terms Defined in the Glossary
Questions for Discussion and Debate
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Research Projects
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To realize that some cases of interpersonal violence
and theft will be handled in the juvenile justice
system.
To become familiar with the legal rights victims have
gained in recent decades.
continued
205
9781337027786, Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology, Ninth Edition, Karmen - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
THE ADULT CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM VERSUS THE JUVENILE
JUSTICE SYSTEM
This chapter examines what might happen in cases
that the police have solved by arresting an adult. As
the fate of the accused person is determined by the
criminal justice system, victims will interact with
prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, juries,
and—if the defendant is convicted—corrections
officials. Cooperation is the desired outcome, but
conflict might erupt over certain divisive issues
with these criminal justice professionals and the
agencies that employ them.
Note that this chapter focuses on how cases are
processed by the legal system when adults are
arrested by the police. Each state has the authority
under the constitution to determine at what age
adulthood begins and for which crimes this distinc-
tion applies. For example, in New York, state legis-
lators decided that persons as young as 16 might be
considered as adults, and their cases could be pro-
cessed in the adult system. When the police arrest a
suspect as young as 13 for murder, he could be con-
sidered as sufficiently mature to face adult penalties,
such as a life sentence, if the prosecutor chooses to
pursue this get-tough option. In nearly all the other
states, the age when individuals can be held fully
responsible for their criminal behavior is 18.
In ...
Juvenile Justice SystemComment by Jamie Price Good job.docx
Juvenile Justice System Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with the title page
Chalyne A. Arvie
CPSS235
26FEB2018
JAMIE PRICE
Running head: JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
1
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
7
Juvenile Justice System
Juvenile Justice System Development Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with using headings.
But your first paragraph should be an introduction.
Introduce the main points that will be covered. Let the reader know where the paper is going.
Refer to my help documents associated with this assignment for assistance with creating a good academic introduction.
In the United States, the adolescent court framework was established more than ten years before the main court establishment in 1899 in Illinois. Before its formation, all youngsters were considered as adults or grownup where they were punished in similar ways as adults. Prior to the creation of juvenile courts, the common law's infancy defense provided the only special protections for young offenders charged with crimes. The common law conclusively presumed that children younger than seven years of age lacked criminal capacity, while those fourteen years of age and older possessed full criminal responsibility. Comment by Jamie Price: This is good information but you need to cite your work.
If the information isn’t common knowledge, you need to cite it using in-text citations.
Some basic formats are:
Blah blah blah (Last name, year).
According to Last name (year), blah blah blah.
Last name (year) reported that “blah blah blah” (p. #).
“Blah blah blah” (Last name, year, p. #).
The history of the juvenile justice system dates as far back as to the bible to Roman Era time. In this period, it was the parent’s responsibility to punish their children, unless the child is in need of a more severe consequences. In the middle ages, common law was established in England. The use of shires, reeves, and chancellors were used. When being punished, the English used the same punishments on children over the age of seven as an adult. In eighteenth-century London, jails were created based upon workhouses. On July 1899, United States established the first juvenile justice system located in Illinois. The Illinois legislature passed the Illinois Juvenile Act that would disciple accordingly to children under the age of sixteen. The juvenile courts were to take jurisdiction over the children (Champion, Merlo, & Benekos, 2013). Comment by Jamie Price: Try to remove unnecessary words.
“is in need of a” = needs Comment by Jamie Price: Good job citing your work.
Predominant Philosophy of the Juvenile System
Alterations in the social origination ideology of youngsters and the system of cultural control in the nineteenth-century y led to the establishment of the very first juvenile court in 1899. To differentiate between the young and adult offenders, progressive philosophers made efforts to reform the juvenile court system. They developed new thoughts regarding adolescence and made the court ...
Juvenile Justice Systems Day 2
- The juvenile justice system originated from the idea that children should be treated differently than adults under the law due to their immaturity. In the past, children were punished the same as adults, including facing the death penalty.
- The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899. This started a movement where other states created separate courts to handle juvenile offenders with the goal of rehabilitation due to children's undeveloped decision making.
- Juvenile courts have jurisdiction over juvenile offenders and certain status offenses. Status offenses are actions that would not be considered criminal if committed by an adult, such as truancy or underage drinking.
Juveniles Tried as Adults .docx
Juveniles Tried as Adults
Juveniles Tried as Adults
Research Thesis Paper
Juveniles Tried as Adults
It found that the compromise between punishment and healing for juvenile offenders is a dilemma that the United States have to face since the inception of its judicial system. After declaring self-rule from Britain, the United States modeled its lawful system after the one well-known United Kingdom. It meant that, in the eyes of the law, little difference was made between children and adults. Kids as could be tried as adults if warranted by their crime. At the end of 18th century, psychologists and sociologists began to recognize the emerging notion of adolescence as a developmentally different era of life. This is the idea of managing adolescent offender outer of the adult court became more widely accepted but keeping in line with the idea that juvenile delinquent requires special care and treatment. In this case, the society had a role to play in the prevention of Juvenile delinquency that opened the first facility for disturbed youth in 1825. New York House of Refuge, on the other hand, was created as an option for juveniles who had committed an illegal act that would have likely earned them time in jail. But in 1899, what came into existence is the development of first juvenile court in the United States came into existence in Cook County, Illinois. The rationale that was behind the forming a separate justice system for youths. Its evident that this was based on the British set of guidelines for parens patriae, which gives a State meaning as a parent. What is provided by Sickmund and Snyder is that the set of instructions was to give an interpretation with a mean because children were not of full legal capacity, the state had the inborn power and accountability to protect children whose natural parents were not providing suitable care or supervision. The court system viewed insufficient parenting as part of the problem with delinquent youth and reasoned that, with proper intervention, troubled juveniles could be put back on the path towards becoming law-abiding, productive members of their communities.
In 1899 United States of America, made legal history when the world's first juvenile court opened in Chicago. The court was founded on two fundamental principles. First, juveniles lack the maturity to take responsibility for their actions the way adults could. Secondly, because, their personality was not yet fully developed, what could be noted is that they could receive proper corrective measures more successfully than adult criminals. More than a century later, these principles remain the benchmarks of juvenile justice in the United States.
A rising number of crimes committed by the kids are being subjected to trial as adults much the way they might have been before the beginning of juvenile courts. This stems from public outra ...
Child Molestation – About A Good Defense Lawyer.pdf
John R Grasso is a top-rated attorney who is admitted to practice law in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and the Federal District Courts, with an impressive track record of great successes on his CV.
Dismissing a Criminal Conviction in California
Only experienced California criminal defense attorney can review the facts of your case and provide you with advice about your eligibility; however, a basic understanding of the criteria for dismissal and the procedures involved may be beneficial in the meantime. Learn more about dismissing criminal conviction in California in this presentation.
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Report
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Reportaffordablebackgroundchecks
Most of the time it is seen that people with past juvenile records face problems in getting a job or other social benefits. While there are instances where past criminal offences don’t pose any hindrance in getting a job of your choice. There are several rules and regulations governing juvenile criminal records and their applicability to jobs & states differ accordingly. Have a look at the slide to know whether your juvenile record will turn up in a criminal background check.2 Page Writing Sample Word
The document argues that juveniles who commit severe crimes should be tried as adults. It discusses the history of juvenile courts and how cases can be transferred to adult court through statutory, judicial, or prosecutorial waiver. While juvenile courts aim to rehabilitate youth, the author believes some juveniles are incapable of rehabilitation and will reoffend if released. Therefore, juveniles who commit crimes like murder or rape should face the same consequences as adults, including the possibility of life imprisonment or capital punishment, regardless of their age.
Misdemeanors vs. Felonies
Since 1991, Randall Isenberg has led as managing partner of Randall Blair Isenberg, P.C., a law firm in Dallas, Texas. Randall Isenberg offers representation for clients facing a broad range of charges, including misdemeanors as well as felonies.
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries
Age of Criminal responsibility and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
A Compilation by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRightsAn Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States(HOAFPGe.docx
An Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States
(HO/AFP/Getty Images/Newscom)
Learning objectives
AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
· Explain the concept of parens patriae.
· Differentiate between the types of juvenile offenders, including delinquents and status offenders.
· Explain the structure of the juvenile justice system and the roles and functions of various juvenile justice agencies.
· Summarize how juvenile offenders are processed through the criminal justice system.
· Understand the meaning of the deinstitutionalization of status offenders.
Introduction
The juvenile justice system is unique. This book explains the system and how it has evolved. The organization of this chapter is as follows: First, the juvenile justice system is described. Certain features of juvenile justice are similar in all states. Various professionals work with youth, and they represent both public and private agencies and organizations. From police officers to counselors, professionals endeavor to improve the lives of youth.
Every jurisdiction has its own criteria for determining who juveniles are and whether they are under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. A majority of states classify juveniles as youth who range in age from 7 to 17 years, and juvenile courts in these states have jurisdiction over these youth. Some states have no minimum-age provisions and consider each case on its own merits, regardless of the age of the juvenile.
Because juveniles are not considered adults and, therefore, fully responsible for some of their actions, special laws have been established that pertain only to them. Thus, violations specific to juveniles are referred to as status offenses. Juveniles who commit such infractions are categorized as status offenders. Juveniles who engage in acts that are categorized as crimes are juvenile delinquents, and their actions are labeled juvenile delinquency. In brief, delinquent acts for youth would be crimes if committed by adults. By contrast, status offenses are not considered crimes if adults engage in them. Examples of status offenses include runaway behavior, truancy, unruly behavior, and curfew violation. The characteristics of youth involved in such behaviors will also be described.
In 1974, the U.S. Congress enacted the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). This act, although not binding on the states, encouraged all states to remove their status offenders from secure institutions—namely secure juvenile residential or custodial facilities—where they were being held. States subsequently removed status offenders from institutions and placed these youth with community, social service, or welfare agencies. This process is called the deinstitutionalization of status offenses (DSO) and will be described in some detail.
Next, a general overview of the juvenile justice system is presented. While later chapters will focus upon each of these components in greater detail, the juven.
COLORADO 15The first specialized juvenile court in the Uni.docx
COLORADO 15
The first specialized juvenile court in the United States was created on July 1, 1899, as part of an Illinois legislative act
establishing the juvenile court division of the circuit court for Cook County.2 The 1899 Illinois legislation codified a more
progressive way to treat wayward youth: instead of showing them the error of their ways by punishing them, the state
would help youth correct their course and become productive, law-abiding citizens. Because the goal of the newly-created
system focused on rehabilitation and not just punishment, the state law required only cursory legal proceedings that placed
judicial economy and youth rehabilitation before due process.3 There was no role for defense attorneys—and little role for
prosecutors—in that system.
Social workers and behavioral scientists advised the court on the most appropriate disposition of the cases. For the first time,
detained youth were separated from adult offenders and placed in training and industrial schools, as well as in private foster
homes and institutions.4 This type of specialized juvenile court was quickly duplicated in the larger cities of the East and
Midwest, so that by 1925, some form of juvenile court existed in all but two states.5
Until the 1960s, constitutional challenges to juvenile court practices and procedures were consistently overruled. Children
were denied the rights to counsel, public adjudications, and jury adjudications. They did not have any immunity against
self-incrimination. They could be convicted on hearsay testimony.6 They could also be convicted by only a preponderance
of the evidence. Previous case law found that juvenile proceedings were civil in nature and that their purpose was to reha-
bilitate rather than punish.7 Research on the juvenile justice system had begun to show that juvenile court judges often lacked
legal training;8 that probation officers were undertrained and that their heavy caseloads often prohibited meaningful social
intervention; that children were still regularly housed in adult facilities; and that juvenile correctional institutions were often,
in reality, overcrowded and violent juvenile prisons serving as little more than breeding grounds for further criminal activity.
In 1963, the United States Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel requires that indigent adults
charged with a felony offense be appointed an attorney at public expense. In that seminal case, Gideon v. Wainwright,9 a
unanimous court wrote that any person too poor to hire a lawyer cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided
for him, explaining that “lawyers in criminal court are necessities, not luxuries.”10 In the wake of Gideon, in a series of cases
starting in 1966, the Supreme Court extended this and other bedrock elements of due process to youth facing delinquency
proceedings. Arguably the most important of these cases, In re Gault,11 held that juveniles facing delinquency pro ...
Walsh power point_chapter 8
This document discusses the history and philosophy of the juvenile justice system in the United States. It covers the origins of distinguishing between juvenile and adult offenders, the establishment of the first juvenile courts in the late 19th century, and key Supreme Court cases from the mid-20th century that extended due process rights to juveniles. It also examines more recent trends like eroding the distinctions between juvenile and adult justice systems, and the rise of restorative justice approaches that focus on accountability, community protection, and competency development for young offenders.
1).Over the last few centuries numerous historical events have t.docx
1).Over the last few centuries numerous historical events have taken place that resulted in a major impact on the contemporary juvenile justice network in the United States. The notion of age of responsibility and maturity level has been the central focus since the inception of recorded history. The question remains today of when and under what circumstances children are capable of forming criminal intent ("Juvenile Justice", p. 5) which has led to continuous debates still occurring today.
Up until the early 1800s juvenile offenders in the United States received the same treatment and punishment as adult offenders. It was very common for juveniles to be housed with adults as well. In 1818, a New York City commission initiated the term "juvenile delinquency", and brought to the attention of the public eye and identified pauperism, or poverty, as a root cause of misbehavior amongst juveniles. In 1825, the Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency began to campaign for the separation of juveniles from adults. Over the course of the next few years, numerous juvenile institutions were established. These institutions, known as houses of refuge, primarily focused on education and treatment, instead of solely focusing on punishment ("Juvenile Justice", pp. 6-7).
With public warning from the New York City police chief, that violent juvenile offenses were steadily increasing, in 1849 the United States transitioned from houses of refuge to concentrating on reform schools and preventive agencies ("Juvenile Justice", p. 7) Industrial Schools for dependent children were founded in 1879, as a result of the Industrial School Act, preceded by the Chicago Reform School Act, but were later held unconstitutional. As a result of unsuccessful reform schools , the child savers movement developed during the post-Civil War era, with high and genuine concern for the welfare of children, leading to the establishment of the first juvenile/family court in 1899 ("Juvenile Justice", p. 8).
By 1932 the number of independent juvenile courts across the United States, exceeded 600. All states had enacted laws developing separate juvenile courts by 1945. Because juvenile courts were not criminal courts , juvenile offenders did not possess the same constitutional rights as accused adult offenders. Historical U.S. Supreme Court cases such as
Holmes
,
Kent v. United
States
, Gault
, and
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
, mentioned in this week's reading, and their holdings, have all had a dramatic impact on the contemporary juvenile justice network in America ("Juvenile Justice", pp. 9-10).
A few other major historical legislative acts that dramatically impacted the contemporary juvenile justice network in the United States have been enacted by Congress over the years. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency act of 1974, which established the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to support efforts - local and state - in delinquency prevention and juvenil.
Similar to The Difference Between Juvenile and Adult Criminal Court (18)
7Victims’ Rights and the CriminalJustice SystemCHAPTER.docx
7Victims’ Rights and the CriminalJustice SystemCHAPTER.docx
Juvenile Justice SystemComment by Jamie Price Good job.docx
Juvenile Justice SystemComment by Jamie Price Good job.docx
Child Molestation – About A Good Defense Lawyer.pdf
Child Molestation – About A Good Defense Lawyer.pdf
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Report
Do Crimes Committed as a Juvenile Turn Up in a Criminal Background Check Report
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...
Juvenile Justice in Different Countries Age of Criminal responsibility and Tr...
An Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States(HOAFPGe.docx
An Overview of Juvenile Justice in the United States(HOAFPGe.docx
COLORADO 15The first specialized juvenile court in the Uni.docx
COLORADO 15The first specialized juvenile court in the Uni.docx
1).Over the last few centuries numerous historical events have t.docx
1).Over the last few centuries numerous historical events have t.docx
More from Paul Seeman
Judge Margaret Henry Receives Wilmont Sweeney Award
A graduate of Boalt Hall, the Berkeley Law School at the University of California, Paul Seeman spent more than three decades as an attorney, court commissioner, and judge. A highly decorated public official, Paul Seeman has received numerous honors and awards throughout his career, including the Wilmont Sweeney Award for California Juvenile Court Judge of the Year in 2009.
NLADA Helps Legal Aid Groups Obtain Federal Funding
Over the course of a law career spanning more than three decades, Paul Seeman served as a lecturer, attorney, and judge. Beyond his day-to-day law activities, Paul Seeman maintained affiliations with several professional groups, including the National Legal Aid and Defender Association (NLADA).
When a Child Is Arrested
A former Superior Court judge in Alameda County, Paul Seeman served as the vice chair of the California Center for Judicial Education and Research’s Juvenile Law Education Committee. The former chair of the Alameda County Collaborative Juvenile Court, Paul Seeman has a deep knowledge of the juvenile court process, starting from a minor’s arrest.
106th Dipsea Race in California Boasts Repeat Winner
Paul Seeman is a former judge for the Alameda County Superior Court who enjoyed running in the Dipsea Race, an annual 7.4-mile trail race in northern California stretching from Mill Valley to Stinson Beach, finishing 411th with a time of 1:10:09. The Dipsea Race is the oldest trail race in the country dating back to 1905. In 2016, Brian Pilcher repeated as the winner, marking the first time in 20 years a male runner won two years in a row, finishing in 57:28, just 33 seconds slower than his previous year's time.
Surfing Provides Multiple Health Benefits
A former Superior Court judge in Oakland, California, Paul Seeman likes to stay physically active. Among the sports Paul Seeman enjoys are running, outrigger canoeing, and surfing.
The 2017 National CASA/GAL Conference
Paul Seeman is a former judge with the Alameda County Superior Court in Oakland, California. Experienced in working with youth, Paul Seeman has received recognition from the Alameda County CASA Program, part of the National CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates) Association.
Alameda County’s Collaborative Mental Health Court
Former judge Paul Seeman served in the Alameda County Superior Court in California until 2013. Paul Seeman was instrumental in the creation of Alameda County’s Collaborative Mental Health Court, a successful program that helps keep local youth out of detention centers.
International Environmental Law Comes Down on Carbon Majors
Paul Seeman is a former judge of the Alameda County Superior Court in California. Paul Seeman was heavily involved in the juvenile justice system as well as international environmental law during his lengthy legal career.
Dipsea Foundation Sponsors New Race
Judge Paul Seeman recently served on the Alameda County Superior Court in Oakland, California. Prior to this, he worked for the court as a commissioner and juvenile court referee pro tem. In his leisure time, Paul Seeman has competed in the Dipsea Race, which he entered from 1987 through 2010. His best finish time was 1:10:09.
California Judges Association Member Support
Paul Seeman is a former judge from Alameda County, California who served on the Juvenile Court Judges of California committee for the California Judges Association. The California Judges Association, founded in 1929, is committed to judicial excellence and provides its members with educational resources like seminars and conferences throughout the year. It also staffs a hotline for members to call for questions and provides professionals to help with administrative and personal issues.
Alumni Association at the University of California, Santa Cruz
The document discusses the Alumni Association at the University of California, Santa Cruz. It is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2015. The Association seeks to connect alumni to the campus through its website and was founded in 1968. It has over 80,000 alumni members and its purpose is to promote and support educational, cultural, and social life at UCSC and provide ways for alumni to serve the campus, colleges, and students.
More from Paul Seeman (11)
Judge Margaret Henry Receives Wilmont Sweeney Award
Judge Margaret Henry Receives Wilmont Sweeney Award
NLADA Helps Legal Aid Groups Obtain Federal Funding
NLADA Helps Legal Aid Groups Obtain Federal Funding
106th Dipsea Race in California Boasts Repeat Winner
106th Dipsea Race in California Boasts Repeat Winner
Alameda County’s Collaborative Mental Health Court
Alameda County’s Collaborative Mental Health Court
International Environmental Law Comes Down on Carbon Majors
International Environmental Law Comes Down on Carbon Majors
Alumni Association at the University of California, Santa Cruz
Alumni Association at the University of California, Santa Cruz
Recently uploaded
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptx
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
Incometax Compliance_PF_ ESI- June 2024
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional and judicial approach
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...Syed Muhammad Humza Hussain
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
slide deck : Patenting innovations in 3D printing
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
Recently uploaded (20)
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordina...
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
The Difference Between Juvenile and Adult Criminal Court
- 1. Paul Seeman
- 2. An experienced legal professional, Paul Seeman most recently maintained a position as a judge with the Alameda County Superior Court in Oakland, California. Throughout his career, Paul Seeman has focused much of his work on juvenile court, both in delinquency and dependency There are many differences between the adult and juvenile courts, but the most important to those who frequently handle such cases in delinquency is that juveniles possess fewer constitutional rights within the courtroom. As such, common privileges such as receiving a trial by jury and access to bail do not apply to juvenile offenders. Typically, judges preside over juvenile cases and no members of the public are permitted to attend hearings.
- 3. In most states, the term juvenile for delinquency purposes refers to a person who is between 10 and 18 years old. However, some states make exceptions and treat persons under 18 as adults for criminal trial purposes. This exposes them to adult punishment, but also entitles them to adult constitutional protections. At the same time, juvenile offenders experience some benefits that adults do not. For example, in most cases, a youth’s records do not remain with him or her for life, as is the case with adults. If they fulfill specific conditions, then a juvenile can emerge into adult life at age 18 with an expunged criminal record.