The document provides an overview of the dark web, highlighting the distinctions between the surface web, deep web, and dark web, as well as explaining how Tor, a software that enables anonymous communication through onion routing, works. It discusses the risks and precautions associated with browsing the dark web and lists various illegal activities commonly found on it. Additionally, it addresses the purposes for which Tor is utilized, including anonymity for government, activists, and individuals wishing to protect their identities.

1. H I D D E N E C O S Y S T E M B E Y O N D T H E S U R FA C E

2. 01. UNDERSTANDING DARKWEB
INTERNET AND WEB
DARKNET
SURFACE WEB, DEEP WEB, DARK WEB
TABLE OF CONTENTS
02. THE ONION ROUTING
WHAT IS TOR?
HOW TOR WORKS?
03. HIDDEN SERVICES
TOR HIDDEN SERVICES
HOW TO STAY ANONYMOUS ON THE INTERNET

3. U N D E R S TA N D I N G
DA R K W E B
0 1
INTERNET AND WEB
DARKNET
SURFACE WEB, DEEP WEB, DARK WEB

4. • INTERNET ( Physical connection of all computers joined together across the world)
• WEB ( The software that runs on the physical internet )
INTERNET VS WEB

5. Surface web vs Deep web vs Dark web
Surface web
• Google, Youtube, College website, ETC.
• Anything accessible directly through a Search engine
Deep web
• Private Emails/FB accounts, Private Databases.
• Anything You can’t access with a google search or has
security
Need Special Software to Access
Dark web
• Markets, TOR Sites , Hidden Services.
• Purposefully hidden, Special access material.
96%
3%
3%

6. Access Different levels of internet
(DARKNET)
Need Special Software After this
Point
Surface web
Deep web
Dark web

7. DARKNET
• Network build over a network Is
An Overlay Network
• Overlay Network That uses Onion
Routing is Called DARKNET
• Tor is a Darknet that uses onion
Routing Technology
• There Are Also other Darknets

8. T H E O N I O N R O U T I N G
02
HISTORY OF TOR
HOW TOR WORKS
ENCRYPTION IN TOR
02
02
TOR

9. TOR
• Short form for (THE ONION ROUTER) is ToR
• Tor is a free software for enabling anonymous bidirectional comm
unication
• Tor uses Onion routing to encrypt and sent information over the int
ernet
• Tor directs Internet traffic through a free, worldwide, volunteer Net
work Consisting of more than 7,000 relays (Nodes)
• Tor does not hide the fact that you are using Tor
• Tor uses TCP ( Transmission control protocol )
• Instead of .com, .org, .in, .net Tor uses .onion (http://3g2upl4pq6ku4m.o
nion)
BROWSER

10. HISTORY OF TOR
1990 2000 2010
The idea of “Onion Routing” was created
By U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in
Mid-1990s
Onion Routing was Further Developed
By DARPA in 1997 Tor code was released
Under free license
Aug. 13, 2004
First version of Tor was developed
On September 22, 2002
Tor project was
Created on
December 2006

11. HOW TOR WORKS ?
client Server
A B C
Entry Node Middle Nodes Exit Nodes
• Each Node only know its after and before address
• Each Node decrypts a layer of encryption and forwards the data along until it reaches the exit node
• The use of multiple nodes and encryption ensures that users' online activities remain anonymous and that no
single node knows both the source and destination of the data.
• These nodes gives TOR its true powers for Providing complete Anonymity

12. 12
You can Access those websites with .onion extension on tor which you can’t on Traditional Browsers
You can find all these .onion websites on “The Hidden Wiki” website.
.onion websites are used in hidden Services / Darkweb.
These Sites are often engaged in illegal activities .
Don’t try to these Websites without 3 level of security layer

13. NORMAL CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET
www.sidharthcollege.ac.in
Internet Service provider (ISP)
Airtel, BSNL, Jio
Modem
Your Computer
 ISP knows who you
are
 Which website you
are browsing
 What Information is
being shared
 Less Privacy
 Easy Tracking
HACKER/SPY

14. Web Service
How Tor Works?
Your Computer
Middle Node
1.1.1.1
Guard/Entry Node
2.2.2.2
A
3.3.3.3
B
Exit Node
4.4.4.4
C
5.5.5.5
HELLO DATA DATA DATA
DATA
HELLO.com

15. The Hidden Services / Darkweb
03
You can Access Darkweb in a minute what the Question is SHOULD YOU ?

16. Precautions To Take While Browsing DARK WEB
• Ensure that you are using a secure and private network, such as a virtual private network (VPN).
• Keep your computer and security software, including antivirus and anti-malware, up to date to protect against
potential threats.
• Disable JavaScript
• Do not share any personal information, such as your real name, location, or contact details, while browsing the
Dark Web.
• Use Nord VPN to add 2 level security
• use Tails OS in Order to surf Completely Ghost Mode
• Never Ever Download Anything from there and if you did open it by turning off your internet connection or ofline

17. TAILS ( The Amnesic Incognito Live System )
• Tails routes internet traffic through the Tor network, providing a high level of anonymity.
• Tails is amnesic, meaning it doesn't leave a trace of your activities on the device you're using.
• Tails is designed to be user-friendly and can be run from a USB drive, DVD, or virtual machine
• Tails operates independently of the host computer's operating system.
• Tails comes with pre-installed privacy and security tools like the Tor Browser
• Before deleting data Tails data is overwritten with random information multiple times.
• Tails ensures that data is securely deleted

18. Services on Hidden Services / Dark web
• Any Kind of Drugs
• Human Trafficking
• Weaponry
• Government Experiments
• Cyber Attacks
• Assassination
• Rare Animal Trafficking
• RedRooms
• Fake Identities
• Banned Books & Audio
• Celebrity Gossips
• Personal Data for Sale
• Military Leaks
• Celebrity Leaks
• horrible Killing Shows
• Politician and Celebrity
Health data
• Elite Hacking
• Any Kind of Cyber Attacks
• list goes on…

20. SILK ROAD ( Marketplace )
• Silk Road was an online black Market and the first
modern Darknet.
• Launched on 2011
• Founder: Ross Ulbricht
• He managed the entire marketplace from his perso
nal laptop.
• All transactions were conducted with bitcoin, a cryp
tocrrency which aided in protecting user identities.
• Between February 2011 and July 2013, He Made 9,
5 Million Bitcoins over the period of just 2 years.
• He made 186 Billion USD in just 2 years and have 2
20 million users on his Website.
• In October 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigatio
n (FBI) shut down Silk Road and arrested Ulbricht
• He got 40 years of prison.
• Next month on November Someone made another
website Silk Road 2.0. This website was also taken d
own by FBI within a year.
• Another Website named Silk Road 3.0 came to fulfi
ll demand on Darknet
• Silk Road Cause Significant Rise in Bitcoin Value

22. Conclusion
• Dark web and Deep web are different
• Tor can be used to browse normal internet to protect privacy
• Anyone can create a hidden service and claim anything
• Only browse the dark web after understanding it
• Anonymity is Everyone’s right but it brings dark and scary side of
Society
• Browsing the DARKWEB is not a Crime Getting Involve in It is
• Why don’t Law enforcement take down the entire Darkweb?
• Darkweb isn’t all about Crime or Illegal Activities its about anonymity
which is sharing information ,Truth without any external interception. I
ts used by Government for different operations. “Either it’s for everyo
ne or for no one”

23. 23
Why is TOR Needed ?
• Government and military agencies that need to shield sensitive information.
• Law enforcement agencies, especially the police, when they work undercover or investigate suspicious
websites and services.
• Activists, whistleblowers, and journalists who want to protect their identities from oppressive regimes a
nd adversaries or overcome strict censorship.
• Private individuals who seek to protect their personal information and browsing habits from websites, I
SPs, and snoopers.
• Illicit organizations and individuals who want to avoid having their activities being tracked back to them
.

24. T H A N K Y O U
Surf Internet Safely , Privately .Don’t be one of the stories they tell about dark web