The corporation chapter 4
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The document contains discussion questions about FDR's New Deal, a corporation that provided tabulation machines to Nazis, mine safety legislation passed in 1952, and a Supreme Court decision extending free speech protections to corporate political spending. It also includes passages about consumer power in the economy, factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions, and statistics on MLB attendance. Finally, it discusses the concept of consumerism in America and how consumer values have shifted over time toward materialism and away from community.
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The corporation chapter 4
The document discusses several topics:
1) It asks discussion questions about FDR's New Deal, corporations aiding the Nazis, a 1952 coal mine safety law, and how new social regulation curbed corporate power.
2) It then discusses how consumers hold the most power in the economy through pricing products and the financial success of organizations.
3) Finally, it analyzes consumerism and materialism, and how American consumerism has shifted away from community values toward competition and materialism.
The corporation chapter 4
The document discusses consumerism in America and the power of consumers. It notes that corporations hold the most power in the economy, but consumers ultimately determine pricing and financial success through their purchasing decisions. However, consumers infrequently exert their power due to fostering of materialism and desire for goods/services. Studies show rising levels of materialism among adolescents and college students pursuing degrees primarily to make money rather than help others.
The corporation chapter 4
1) FDR created the New Deal in 1933 to strengthen the government's control over corporations in response to the Great Depression.
2) The document discusses how consumerism and materialism have shifted American values away from community and spirituality toward competition and disconnection.
3) While corporations enact corporate social responsibility programs in response to consumer pressures, these may just be tactics to avoid actual changes in behavior.
The corporation Chapter 4
1) FDR created the New Deal in 1933 to strengthen the government's control over the economy in response to the Great Depression.
2) IBM provided tabulation machines to Nazi Germany that were used to track records in their extermination and slave labor camps.
3) The Federal Coal Mine Safety Act was passed in 1952 to regulate safety standards in coal mines.
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2) Media concentration limits variety, creativity, and quality as companies seek to minimize risk and appeal to the widest possible audience.
3) More socially diverse patterns of media ownership, beyond just a few private companies, could create conditions for more varied and experimental media productions.
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An externality is an unintended effect of a decision on entities not involved in making the decision. The Anderson v. General Motors case involved a cost-benefit analysis. The "science of exploitation" refers to manipulating or taking advantage of people. Ethics is defined as a system of moral principles about human conduct based on concepts like utilitarianism, which argues an action's moral worth depends on its outcome and greatest benefit to most people.
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The corporation chapter 4
The document discusses several topics:
1) It asks discussion questions about FDR's New Deal, corporations aiding the Nazis, a 1952 coal mine safety law, and how new social regulation curbed corporate power.
2) It then discusses how consumers hold the most power in the economy through pricing products and the financial success of organizations.
3) Finally, it analyzes consumerism and materialism, and how American consumerism has shifted away from community values toward competition and materialism.
The corporation chapter 4
The document discusses consumerism in America and the power of consumers. It notes that corporations hold the most power in the economy, but consumers ultimately determine pricing and financial success through their purchasing decisions. However, consumers infrequently exert their power due to fostering of materialism and desire for goods/services. Studies show rising levels of materialism among adolescents and college students pursuing degrees primarily to make money rather than help others.
The corporation chapter 4
1) FDR created the New Deal in 1933 to strengthen the government's control over corporations in response to the Great Depression.
2) The document discusses how consumerism and materialism have shifted American values away from community and spirituality toward competition and disconnection.
3) While corporations enact corporate social responsibility programs in response to consumer pressures, these may just be tactics to avoid actual changes in behavior.
The corporation Chapter 4
1) FDR created the New Deal in 1933 to strengthen the government's control over the economy in response to the Great Depression.
2) IBM provided tabulation machines to Nazi Germany that were used to track records in their extermination and slave labor camps.
3) The Federal Coal Mine Safety Act was passed in 1952 to regulate safety standards in coal mines.
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The document discusses the American welfare state and its political and economic foundations. It identifies three main economic approaches: Keynesian economics, which sees welfare as an investment in human capital; classical or free market economics, which believes welfare undermines the workforce; and democratic socialism, which links poverty to structural inequality and views welfare as social control. It also examines the political spectrum in the U.S. between liberalism and conservatism, and how parties approach social welfare. Finally, it prompts discussion about what risks individuals versus society should share and how perspectives may differ along the political continuum.
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This document discusses crony capitalism and defines it as a system where those close to political authorities receive favors and economic benefits above what could be earned in a free market. It examines cronyism through the lenses of rent-seeking theory, institutional structures, and populism as a legitimizing ideology. Crony relations restrict competition for economic rents. In countries with weak rule of law, cronyism can complement unofficial economies and act as an imperfect substitute for secure property rights, benefiting some. Populism appeals to distrust of politicians and bureaucracy to justify redistribution policies that fuel rent-seeking societies.
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Introduction
Basic historical and conceptual categories are presented for understanding the socioeconomic framework within which business transactions occur and moral issues ariseMoral problems related to the free enterprise system and capitalism are identifiedHow can capitalism increase wealth without creating moral issues? Does capitalism enhance societies, or tarnish them?
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Capitalism
Capitalism: An economic system in which the major portion of production and distribution is in private hands, operating under what is termed a “profit” or “market” systemSocialism: The polar opposite of capitalism, an economic system characterized by public ownership of property and a planned economyWorker control socialism: A hybrid market-oriented socialism
Moral Issues in Business
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Capitalism
Capitalism has historically evolved from the Renaissance through several stages – mercantile, industrial, financial, and state welfare. Many believe we are now at a new stage, globalized capitalism, involving reliance upon foreign labor and services, joint ventures in overseas companies, outsourcing, etc.Capitalism is constantly changing as new socio-economic and political conditions arise.
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Key Features of CapitalismCompanies: Capitalism permits the creation of companies or business organizations that exist separately from the people associated with them.Profit motive: The profit motive implies a critical assumption about human nature – that human beings are economic creatures who recognize and are motivated by their own monetary interests.
Moral Issues in Business
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Key Features of Capitalism
Competition: In his famous treatise on political economy, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith explained how free competition makes individual pursuit of self-interest socially beneficial.Private property: Capitalism requires pri.
The corporation chapter 1
The document discusses the history and evolution of corporations from their early beginnings in Europe to their rise in America. It describes how early corporations in Europe like the South Sea Company engaged in corruption and fraud. It then outlines key developments during the Industrial Revolution in America that helped corporations grow, including advances in transportation, electricity, and technology. The rise of the corporation has transformed it into the dominant economic institution in modern society.
Ethics
Capitalism is an economic system defined by private ownership of production assets and the operation of markets. It has key features like the existence of companies, a profit motive, competition between producers, freedom of enterprise, private property rights, economic inequalities, and the sovereignty of consumers. Supporters argue it is morally justified based on natural property rights and its economic benefits like efficiency. However, critics argue it leads to problems like inequality, concentration of wealth, and the formation of monopolies and oligopolies that undermine competition.
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Chapter 10 Globalization of Ethical Decision Making
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The corporation chapter 5
This document discusses the commercial targeting of children through advertising. It notes that corporations spend $15 billion annually advertising directly to children, using various mediums. Children are exposed to 40,000 TV ads per year by age 8, and 80% of global brands use "tween marketing" strategies to target 12-19 year olds. The document also examines marketing techniques like "cradle to grave" branding, exploiting children's insecurities, and the "nag factor" of pestering parents. It identifies 4 types of parenting approaches to dealing with children's consumerism. Overall, the document critically analyzes how corporations prey on children through advertising to influence their purchases and brand loyalty.
Chapter 10
The document discusses premises liability and negligence. It defines premises liability as the legal responsibility a facility or event manager owes to individuals utilizing the venue. Negligence deals with avoidable accidents that should have been anticipated and prevented through reasonable precautions. For negligence, there must be a duty, a breach of that duty, proximate causation, and damages. The four elements of negligence are: 1) duty, 2) breach of duty, 3) proximate cause, and 4) damage.
Chapter 12
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Chapter 13
The document discusses different types of capital needed for businesses, including fixed capital for permanent assets, working capital for short-term operations, and growth capital for expansion. It compares equity capital, which involves giving up ownership stake, versus debt capital through loans. Sources of equity include angel investors, corporate venture capital, and venture capital firms. The document also outlines several federal loan programs targeted at small businesses, including EDA, HUD, USDA, SBIR, and STTR grants. It provides an example of how The Boston Beer Company supports small businesses through microloans and speed coaching services.
The corporation chapter 3
This document contains chapter discussion questions and information about ethics and decision making. It asks questions about externalities, the Anderson v. General Motors case, cost-benefit analysis, and the "science of exploitation". It defines key terms like objective decision making, ethics, morality, utilitarianism, and the golden rule. It also discusses offshoring, layoffs, animal testing, and how corporations legally are considered persons but cannot make ethical decisions themselves.
The corporation chapter 5
This document discusses various marketing concepts and strategies used to target consumers, especially children. It explains that the goal of marketing is to build brand awareness, adoption, and loyalty in order to persuade customers to purchase products. Marketers closely study demographics and psychographics to identify target markets. The document also examines how corporations extensively market directly to children, exploiting their vulnerabilities, and how parents influence children's purchasing behaviors. It suggests companies seek to commodify all aspects of people's lives in order to maximize lifetime customer value.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
Chapter 10
This document summarizes key concepts around pricing strategies. It discusses the three forces of pricing: price conveys image, competition influences pricing, and focus on providing value. It also outlines three objectives for establishing a new product's price: getting the product accepted, maintaining market share as competition grows, and earning a profit. Finally, it describes three basic strategies for setting a new product's price: market penetration pricing, skimming pricing, and sliding down the demand curve.
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Chapter 13
The document discusses different types of business capital and financing options for small businesses. It defines equity capital as financing obtained through the sale of stock, while debt capital involves borrowing money that must be repaid. Sources of equity capital mentioned include individual angel investors, corporate venture capital firms, and venture capital companies. Federal loan programs aimed at small businesses that are outlined include those from the Economic Development Administration (EDA), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program. The document also defines three types of capital that entrepreneurs need - fixed capital for permanent assets, working capital for short-term operations,
The corporation chapter 3
The document discusses chapter 3 discussion questions about externalities, a lawsuit against General Motors, jury awards in the lawsuit, the "science of exploitation" applied to Nike, the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory disaster, US labor laws passed in 1938, the percentage of sweatshops in NYC, and the level of compliance with US labor laws. It also defines objective and subjective decision making, ethics, morality, rationalization, the golden rule, utilitarianism, ethical decisions corporations need to make, offshoring, layoffs, animal testing, and indirectly marketing adult products to minors.
Chapter 9
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Chapter 10
This document discusses pricing strategies and objectives. It outlines 3 forces of pricing: price conveys image, competition & pricing, and focus on value. It also discusses 3 objectives for establishing a new product's price: getting the product accepted, maintaining market share as competition grows, and earning a profit. Finally, it explains 3 basic strategies for establishing a new product's price based on whether the product is revolutionary, evolutionary, or me-too.
Chapter 11
The document discusses various topics related to crowd management at sporting events including:
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- The definition of crowd management as an organizational strategy to provide a safe and enjoyable environment for guests through implementing facility/event policies and procedures.
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Chapter 12
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Chapter 9
This document discusses risk management concepts and the 1972 Munich Olympics terrorist attack. It provides discussion questions about slip-and-fall accidents, stadium incidents, and the definition and goals of risk management. It then summarizes the 1972 Munich Olympics terrorist attack where Black September members took Israeli athletes hostage, resulting in all the athletes' deaths. The document asks how the terrorist attack was mishandled from an event management and security standpoint. It discusses the duties of a sports facility manager to keep premises safe and inspect for hazards. The primary goal of a risk manager is to reduce risks of injury or loss while managing a sports facility.
Chapter 14
The document discusses factors to consider when choosing a location for a new business, focusing on the beer industry. It recommends starting with region, then state, city, and specific site. Key factors include customer base, population trends, business climate, costs, and for breweries, beer culture and regulations. States like California, Washington and Colorado are good options due to their many craft breweries and beer-friendly environments. Narrowing options based on these comprehensive criteria helps find a suitable location for business success.
The corporation chapter 2
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The corporation chapter 2
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The corporation chapter 4
- 1. CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) In 1933, FDR created the New Deal, aimed to strengthen government's control of what? 2) What American corporation provided the Nazis with tabulation machines used by them to track records in their extermination & slave-labor camps? 3) What was passed by Congress in 1952 to ensure coal mine safety? 4)What does MSHA stand for? 5) In the mid-1970's the Supreme Court extended First Amendment constitutional protection to corporate financing of what?
- 2. IN AMERICA’S ECONOMY, WHO HOLDS THE MOST POWER? THE CONSUMER
- 3. WHAT POWER(S) DOES THE CONSUMER POSSESS?
- 4. 1) PRICING OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES • PRICE NEEDS TO FIT THE REALITIES OF THE MARKETPLACE -THE VALUE OF A PRODUCT/SERVICE IS DETERMINED BY WHAT SOMEONE IS WILLING TO PAY FOR IT.
- 6. 2) FINANCIAL SUCCESS OF ORGANIZATIONS •IF WE (CONSUMERS) DON’T BUY, THEY (CORPORATIONS) DON’T MAKE MONEY. 2012 MLB ATTENDANCE STATISTICS TOTAL % STADIUM CAPACITY 3,565,718 1,559,681 101.4% 44.4%
- 7. WHY DO WE (CONSUMERS) SO INFREQUENTLY EXERT OUR POWER?
- 8. CLIP: CONSUMERISM IN AMERICA
- 9. CONSUMERISM “A SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PRINCIPLE THAT IS BASED ON THE SYSTEMATIC CREATION & FOSTERING OF A DESIRE TO PURCHASE GOODS/SERVICES.” *CORPORATIONS MAKE THEIR LARGE PROFITS BY CREATING & FOSTERING A DESIRE FOR CONSUMERS TO PURCHASE MATERIAL ITEMS RATHER THAN NECESSITIES. MATERIALISM: -IN PHILOSOPHY: “THE THEORY THAT PHYSICAL MATTER IS THE ONLY REALITY.” -IN BUSINESS: “THE THEORY THAT WORLDLY POSSESSIONS CONSTITUTE THE GREATEST GOOD & HIGHEST VALUE IN LIFE.”
- 10. CONSUMERISM
- 11. American consumerism has seen a shift away from values of community, spirituality, and integrity, and toward competition, materialism and disconnection.
- 12. •PRE-1990’S: THE MOST FREQUENT REASONS FOR ATTENDING COLLEGE GIVEN BY STUDENTS WERE: -BECOMING AN AUTHORITY IN A FIELD -HELPING OTHERS IN DIFFICULTY •1990’S-PRESENT: THE MOST FREQUENT REASON FOR ATTENDING COLLEGE GIVEN BY STUDENTS IS: -MAKING A LOT OF MONEY