ABSTRACT : This study aims to explain the behavior of the conflict between the executive and legislative institution at the stage of preparation of Public Policy Budget (KUA), the stage of preparation of Priorities and Budget Ceiling While (PPAS) and the stage of discussion of the Draft Budget and Expenditure (budgets) Government as well as to analyze models of conflict resolution between the executive and the legislature in the arrangement of local income and budget expenditures (RAPBD) Government. Informants namely the executive, in this case the Local Government and legislature are members of the Assembly of Regency or Municipality (DPRD). The general inductive approach was used to analyze the qualitative data through data reduction, presentation and verification. The study found that there was disagreement and debate between the executive and the legislature that cause conflict behavior in determining the theme of development, development priorities, plans macroeconomic targets and strategies to achieve revenue, financing and expenditures at the stage of preparation of KUA Government. There is disagreement in the determination of the Own-Source Revenue plan (PAD), determination of financing, income and expenditure, the determination of regional government affairs, prioritization of programs and activities and the determination of employee expenses, interest, grants, social assistance and expenditure unexpected cause behavioral conflict between the executive and legislative determination PPAS Government. There is a debate that raises conflict behavior between the executive and legislature in the Plenary Session, Joint Meeting, RAPBD Evaluation Meeting, the Plenary Session of Approval and Evaluation Meeting of Governors discussed the draft budget of the Government.
Budget Allocation System of Regional Government Authority (Case Study at Sela...iosrjce
One important aspect of governance and development is a financial management system as a
realization of the budget policy, which providing the spirit of efficiency and effectiveness of budget,
transparency and public accountability, sense of justice, as well as the achievement optimally. However, the
budget allocation has not demonstrated a healthy balance between the central and local government budget, so
it causing vertical gap that greatly affect to the performance of the overall development. Along with regional
autonomy, the spirit of decentralization, democratization, transparency and accountability that characterizes
governance implementation process, particularly in the process of management policy of regional budget
allocation, should be a common concern in the management of the budget allocation in Selayar Regency by
considering the principle of fairness toward the priority programs and the fulfillment of a wider public
participation
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, Report for PA1-Introduction to Public Administration, College of Public Administration - Tarlac State University
The monthly information bulletin of the Centre of Policy and Legal Reform (CPLR) is dedicated to the analysis of state reforms,
in particular in the areas of parliamentarianism and elections, constitutional and judicial reforms, civil service, anticorruption,
etc. The goal of the publication is to increase the level of expert awareness among the citizens and to strengthen their
capacity to influence the government authorities in order to expedite democratic reforms and to establish good governance
in Ukraine.
Budget Allocation System of Regional Government Authority (Case Study at Sela...iosrjce
One important aspect of governance and development is a financial management system as a
realization of the budget policy, which providing the spirit of efficiency and effectiveness of budget,
transparency and public accountability, sense of justice, as well as the achievement optimally. However, the
budget allocation has not demonstrated a healthy balance between the central and local government budget, so
it causing vertical gap that greatly affect to the performance of the overall development. Along with regional
autonomy, the spirit of decentralization, democratization, transparency and accountability that characterizes
governance implementation process, particularly in the process of management policy of regional budget
allocation, should be a common concern in the management of the budget allocation in Selayar Regency by
considering the principle of fairness toward the priority programs and the fulfillment of a wider public
participation
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, Report for PA1-Introduction to Public Administration, College of Public Administration - Tarlac State University
The monthly information bulletin of the Centre of Policy and Legal Reform (CPLR) is dedicated to the analysis of state reforms,
in particular in the areas of parliamentarianism and elections, constitutional and judicial reforms, civil service, anticorruption,
etc. The goal of the publication is to increase the level of expert awareness among the citizens and to strengthen their
capacity to influence the government authorities in order to expedite democratic reforms and to establish good governance
in Ukraine.
This article aims to present the rational and democratic way of administering Brazil. Our proposal to manage Brazil is rational because the planning process is coordinated throughout the country through which each productive and infrastructure sector, each municipality, each state, state and national legislatures and judiciaries and the federal government prepare target plans articulated with each other. During the execution of the plans, there is a process of “feedback” and control of the execution of the target plans of each municipality, of each state, of the state and national legislatures and judiciaries, of the federal government and of Brazil as a whole to ensure their implementation. Annually, there must be a process of evaluating the performance of the 10 systems that make up the country (economic, social, science and technology, education, health, energy, transport and communications infrastructure, environmental, regional development, foreign trade and political and moral) to identify the need for improvement in each of them. Our proposal is also rational, because it helps to avoid overlapping actions between the different levels of government and eliminate waste of resources resulting from the lack of coordination between governments at all their levels in the promotion of national development. Our proposal also contributes to the country's governability, made possible by the deep articulation established between the federal government, state governments, state and federal legislatures and judiciaries, municipal governments, the productive sectors and of economic and social infrastructure and, above all, the population. The proposed planning is also democratic because it places as a starting point the fulfillment of the needs and aspirations of the population of each State and of its representative entities, which serves as a basis for the establishment of the goals of the productive and infrastructure sectors of each State, of each municipality, each state legislature and judiciary, each state, the national legislature and judiciary and the federal government which are incorporated in the Target Plan for the Municipalities, the States, each state legislature and judiciary, the federal government, the legislature and national judiciary and Brazil as a whole. Our proposal respects the autonomy of states and municipalities and the productive and infrastructure sectors in establishing their goals.
The National Science Foundation Open Government Plan 3.0 June 2014Ed Dodds
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is committed to meeting President Barack Obama’s goal of transparency as specified in the Jan 21, 2009, memorandum, “Transparency and Open Government.”
Evolving of PFM for economic policy - game of tools and rules (focus on Slove...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Irena Rostan, Slovenia, at the 12th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on 28-29 June 2016
Do Regional Finance Accountability And Budgetary Composition Enhance Regional...inventionjournals
Accountability is pivotal factor in the implementation of successful good governance since accountability is an indicator whether public fund is spent properly or not. Another relevant factor is budgetary composition more particularly local tax revenue and capital expenditure due to their correlation with public service. Empirical evidence showed that regional finance accountability affected regional economic performance measured using the Supreme Audit Board opinion and the amount of saved fund had negative and significant influence towards Gross Regional Domestic Product. On the other hand, budgetary surplus had positive and significant influence towards the Gross Regional Domestic Product. Budgetary composition and regional expenditure improved regional economic performance measured using local tax revenue and capital expenditure that have positive and significant influence towards Gross Regional Domestic Product.
Agenda of the alliance between pdp and bjpImran Khaki
In the recently concluded J&K State assembly elections, 2014, the people of the State have voted overwhelmingly and in favour of the democratic system. This shows a growing recognition and acceptance among people that participating in the free and fair electoral process is the only option
The results of these elections have been judged as fractured and indecisive by everyone. The reality is that it is not the mandate of political parties that is fractured; it is the polity of J&K that is fractured
Instead of being judgmental about these electoral results, the PDP and the BJP have made efforts to understand the verdict in all its complexity The reality on the ground, even if complex and complicated, needs to be faced politically not numerically. That is the real challenge. The PDP and the BJP have decided to bring together their political and legislative resources to convert this complex challenge into an opportunity
This article aims to present the rational and democratic way of administering Brazil. Our proposal to manage Brazil is rational because the planning process is coordinated throughout the country through which each productive and infrastructure sector, each municipality, each state, state and national legislatures and judiciaries and the federal government prepare target plans articulated with each other. During the execution of the plans, there is a process of “feedback” and control of the execution of the target plans of each municipality, of each state, of the state and national legislatures and judiciaries, of the federal government and of Brazil as a whole to ensure their implementation. Annually, there must be a process of evaluating the performance of the 10 systems that make up the country (economic, social, science and technology, education, health, energy, transport and communications infrastructure, environmental, regional development, foreign trade and political and moral) to identify the need for improvement in each of them. Our proposal is also rational, because it helps to avoid overlapping actions between the different levels of government and eliminate waste of resources resulting from the lack of coordination between governments at all their levels in the promotion of national development. Our proposal also contributes to the country's governability, made possible by the deep articulation established between the federal government, state governments, state and federal legislatures and judiciaries, municipal governments, the productive sectors and of economic and social infrastructure and, above all, the population. The proposed planning is also democratic because it places as a starting point the fulfillment of the needs and aspirations of the population of each State and of its representative entities, which serves as a basis for the establishment of the goals of the productive and infrastructure sectors of each State, of each municipality, each state legislature and judiciary, each state, the national legislature and judiciary and the federal government which are incorporated in the Target Plan for the Municipalities, the States, each state legislature and judiciary, the federal government, the legislature and national judiciary and Brazil as a whole. Our proposal respects the autonomy of states and municipalities and the productive and infrastructure sectors in establishing their goals.
The National Science Foundation Open Government Plan 3.0 June 2014Ed Dodds
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is committed to meeting President Barack Obama’s goal of transparency as specified in the Jan 21, 2009, memorandum, “Transparency and Open Government.”
Evolving of PFM for economic policy - game of tools and rules (focus on Slove...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Irena Rostan, Slovenia, at the 12th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on 28-29 June 2016
Do Regional Finance Accountability And Budgetary Composition Enhance Regional...inventionjournals
Accountability is pivotal factor in the implementation of successful good governance since accountability is an indicator whether public fund is spent properly or not. Another relevant factor is budgetary composition more particularly local tax revenue and capital expenditure due to their correlation with public service. Empirical evidence showed that regional finance accountability affected regional economic performance measured using the Supreme Audit Board opinion and the amount of saved fund had negative and significant influence towards Gross Regional Domestic Product. On the other hand, budgetary surplus had positive and significant influence towards the Gross Regional Domestic Product. Budgetary composition and regional expenditure improved regional economic performance measured using local tax revenue and capital expenditure that have positive and significant influence towards Gross Regional Domestic Product.
Agenda of the alliance between pdp and bjpImran Khaki
In the recently concluded J&K State assembly elections, 2014, the people of the State have voted overwhelmingly and in favour of the democratic system. This shows a growing recognition and acceptance among people that participating in the free and fair electoral process is the only option
The results of these elections have been judged as fractured and indecisive by everyone. The reality is that it is not the mandate of political parties that is fractured; it is the polity of J&K that is fractured
Instead of being judgmental about these electoral results, the PDP and the BJP have made efforts to understand the verdict in all its complexity The reality on the ground, even if complex and complicated, needs to be faced politically not numerically. That is the real challenge. The PDP and the BJP have decided to bring together their political and legislative resources to convert this complex challenge into an opportunity
MANAGEMENT OF SUB-DISTRICT ALLOCATION BUDGET IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY DEVELOPME...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This study aims to determine the process of managing the allocation of Sub-district Budget for
development and community empowerment as well as community involvement in managing the distribution of
Sub-district Allocation Budget for development and community empowerment in North Cakranegara,
Cakranegara District, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara in 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive
approach. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with informants who can provide information related to
this research. The results showed that the management of sub-district fund allocations for the development and
empowerment of the North Cakranegara community in 2020 was not optimally implemented due to the
refocusing of the budget of covid-19. Meanwhile, community participation in managing Aub-district Allocation
Budget is optimal, starting from planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising.
KEYWORD: Sub-district, participation, management, sub-district allocation budget.
Digital Leadership during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Study on Musrenbang City of ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on modern life necessitates online
interaction from the life sector.The development of the current paradigm of administration and governance
toward the New Public Management paradigm cannot be separated from efforts to create effectiveness,
efficiency, and results-oriented governance, as well as New Public Service (Governance) actor involvement,
which are shown in efforts to improve government governance. These efforts are carried out looking for
paradigms that can be practiced in the others field, including business, civil society, and the media.Study at
Bandar Lampung City Musrenbang on "Digital Leadership in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic". Problem
formulation: Musrenbang) and 2) What are the supporting factors and factors that weaken digital leadership
during the COVID-19 pandemic (study on the Bandar Lampung City Musrenbang). Techniques like observation,
interviews, and documentation were used to gather data.Based on the Decree of the Head of Bappeda City of
Bandar Lampung Number: 800/946/IV.01/2022 concerning the Formation of Teams for Development and
Utilization of Data and Information on Development Planning of Regional Apparatus Work Units in 2022. The
government has been restricted to the exclusive domain of the government to express aspirations and criticize
sector areas. The government must provide more space for this.The government must implement digital
transformations, which are already being used to complete the tasks it is carrying out, in order to keep up with
the times.
Keywords: City Musrenbang, Government, Community, Regional Development.
The Influence of Local Own Income and balanced Fund on HDI With Capital Expen...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the effect of Regional Original Income and Balancing Funds on the
Human Development Index with Capital Expenditure as an intervening variable. The population for this study is
regencies/cities in Central Java from 2019 to 2021. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling
method, based on the specified criteria a sample of 105 regencies/cities was obtained from 2019 to 2021. The data
analysis technique used the classical assumption test and descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption
test, multiple linear regression analysis, Sobel test with SPSS 26. The results show that Local Own Income has an
effect on the Human Development Index, Balancing Funds have an effect on the Human Development Index,
Local Own Income has no effect on the Human Development Index , Balancing Funds have an effect on Capital
Expenditures, Capital Expenditures have an effect on the Human Development Index, Capital Expenditures do
not mediate Regional Original Income on the Human Development Index, Capital Expenditures do not mediate
Balancing Funds on the Human Development Index.
Keywords -regional original income, balancing funds, capital expenditures, human development index.
Multi-level planning refers to the process of planning and decision-making across multiple levels of government, institutions, or organizations. In multi-level planning, there is a coordinated effort to ensure that plans, policies, and decisions are aligned across different levels to achieve shared goals and objectives.
2009 SNR a story of compromise - pugalisLee Pugalis
The eagerly anticipated Government response to the Treasury instigated Review of sub-national economic development and regeneration (July 2007), was published on 25 November 2008 after taking stock of the 500 plus consultation responses. Building on my critique of the Department of Communities and Local Government’s publication: Transforming places; changing lives A framework for regeneration (July 2008) in the previous edition of this journal, I use the space here to cogently review how Government will take forward and implement its sub-national review of economic development and regeneration (SNR).
Pugalis, L. (2009) 'SNR – a story of compromise', Economic Development, 107, pp. 6-7.
Выступление Алистера Бланта (Варшава, Польша) в ходе панельной дискуссии "Комплексный подход к планированию пространственного и
экономического развития городов" на Форуме Городов 2017 (Бишкек, Кыргызстан). Версия на английском языке
La croissance économique rwandaise s’avère soutenue et durable : le rythme de développement du Produit Intérieur Brut est passé de +4,1% en 2009 à +7,5% en 2010 ; Le Fonds Monétaire International table sur +7% pour 2011. Par ailleurs, les autorités rwandaises ont, en termes de stratégie économique, un objectif clair : elles souhaitent développer les services, notamment les TIC et le tourisme. Ce secteur représentait, en 2010, 47% du PIB, soit nettement plus que l’agriculture (32% du PIB).
The economic growth of districts/cities in North Sumatra is relatively more lower
than other regions. This research found that financial decisions have a great influence
on economic growth. Local government budget determines economic growth. While
Local government budget allocates focus for routine expenditure rather than
development expenditure, so economic growth going to decrease. The study also found
that the economic environment, legal environment, political environment and social
environment determine financial decisions in a local government. Besides that the
results of the study conclude the political environment influences economic growth
while the economic environment, legal and social environment does not affect economic
growth.
03 Bank and Policy Journal ISSN 2790-1041.pdfPublisherNasir
ISSN - 2790 – 1041
E-ISSN - 2790 – 2366
Bank and Policy
Vol.2, Issue 2, 2022
Kuban, Russia - Baku, Azerbaijan
Published (Founder) by: International Meetings and Conferences Re-search Association – IMCRA
It was established 2021. VOEN:
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Steganography is considered to be not only the science but also the art of hiding secret messages into other innocuous and non-secret media of different types. History of steganography started with the history of civilization and algorithms of data hiding have been constantly developed with the rise of mankind's knowledge. Some of steganographic algorithms are so close connected to the use of digital media, computers and information technology, that those algorithms do not have analogy in non-digital world. It is possible to see the use of hard disk drives (HDD), solid state discs (SSD) and file systems for the purpose of steganography, or steganography in TCP/IP networks as the example. In this paper we are concentrating on such algorithm and we are examining the possibility of the use of dynamics of conversation realized with the use of instant messaging services, which are very popular standalone services or are part of widely used social networks like Facebook. The paper discusses the possibility of hidden message encoding by the use of different parameters of conversation dynamics and introduces new algorithm and its program implementation. The last part of the paper summarizes results of its experimental use.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: We consider the construction of block hybrid method for the solution of general second order ODEs. Derivation of the method was based on the use of hermite polynomial as basis function. The main method and its additional equations are obtained from the same continuous formulation via interpolation and collocation procedures. The method is then applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrator, this approach eliminates requirement for starting values, and it also reduces computational effort. The stability properties of the method is discussed and the stability region shown. Two numerical experiments were given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper offers an integrative proposal for Business Administrationcurricular programs. For that purpose, we have carried out a survey with teachers from upper Business Administration courses so as to select a group of key competences for the contemporary Administrator, which has allowed us to elaborate an integrative proposal of curricular program for the Business Administration scholars in Brazil. As a qualitative research, it consists of a multiple case study with empirical approach and a triangular analysis based on Moraes (2014).Its main objective has been to analyze the curricular programs from five higher education institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two other foreign institutions in South America. At first, we have asked ourselves the following question: How to adapt the Business Administration curricular program to the contemporary needs as far as the vocational training competences of Administrators are concerned?In order to answer it, we have analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) and the Political-Educational Projects of Business Administration Courses (PPC/CSA). After that, we have compared the Curricular Components (CC) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under analysis. After performing the triangular textual analysis of the DCN, PPC/CSA and CC of all HEIs under study, we have carried out a survey with 35 teachers from Business Administration upper courses through a computerized online questionnaire.We have sent a Survey Monkey link for a total of 40 teachers, however, only 35 answered it (87.5%); we have considered 100% valid answers. Previously, based on the doctrine of competences and curriculum according to the most renowned authors – suchas Vygostsky, Freire, Sacristán, Piaget, Saviani, Bloom, Libâneo (curriculum); Fleury & Fleury, Zarifian, Perrenoud, Lisboa (competences), among others – wehave concluded that implementing the integrative proposal will providemore well-prepared graduates from the Business Administration course right to the competitive and globalized labor market.
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
Alternative dispute resolution and civil litigation barriers to access to jus...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Civil law is the predominate system of law in the world. Civil law as a legal system is often compared with common law. The main difference that is usually drawn between the two system is that common law drawn abstract rules from specific cases, whereas civil law with abstract rules which judges must then apply to the various cases before them. Civil law has its roots in Roman law, Common law and the Enlightenment, alongside influence from other religious laws such as Islamic Law. The legal system in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law which set out the main principles that guide the law. On the other hand, Criminal Law as offences and prescribes punishment for them. It not only precludes or prevents crimes but also punish the offender. It is necessary for the maintenance of law, order and peace within state. In criminal cases, it is the state which initiates proceeding against the offender. Laws relating to the Civil Proceeding as the Code of Civil Procedure 1908; the Civil Courts Act 1887; the Suit Valuation Act 1887; the Limitation Act 1908; the Registration Act 1908; & the Specific Relief Act 1877.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
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And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
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https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. The conflicting behavior of the government institutions in the arrangement of local income and…
*Corresponding Author: A. Jamaluddin 71 | Page
and nature of partnership. An equal footing significantly between executive and legislative branches they have
the same position and aligned, meaning not supervise each other. This relationship can be reflected in policy-
making and local regulations. Partnerships means that between the executive and the legislature is equally
partners in regional policy making to implement regional autonomy in accordance with their respective
functions, so between the two institutions can build a relationship or relationships of mutual support (synergy) is
not an opponent or competitors with each other in carrying out their respective functions.
The potential conflict between the executive and legislative occurs because the factor the difference of
interests between the two sides, especially in the preparation and approval of the draft local income and budget
expenditures. Planning and budgeting are part of the decision-making process in governance and development.
This is consistent with the mandate of Law the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 Year 2004 on National
Development Planning System (SPPN) is guided by an element of the state and society at the level of central
government or local governments. One community participation in development implemented through
development planning meetings that will generate Regional Long Term Development Plan (RPJPD), Medium
Term Development Plan (RPJMD), as well as the Development Plan (RKPD). In order to carry out development
in the area of sustainable and continuous manner, each region should have a comprehensive planning system, as
outlined in regional planning documents that become reference and guidance in the development process in the
region.
Based on the law the Republic of Indonesia number 17/2003 on State Finance and the law number
25/2004 on National Development Planning System and the law number 23/2014 on Regional Government, an
area must have a plan consisting of: first, the development plan 20 (twenty) annual or Long Term Development
Plan Area (RPJPD). Second, the development plan of 5 (five) years or Medium Term Development Plan
(RPJMD) and the third, short-term development plans or 1 (one) year or Local Government Work Plan (RKPD).
Development Plan (RKPD) is a document annual planning drafted in order to ensure consistency and
synchronization between planning, budgeting, implementation and monitoring, as well as an integral part in the
stage of preparation of the Draft Budget and Expenditure (budgets) consisting of the work plan Local
Government (RKPD), Public Policy budget (KUA), Priorities and Budget Ceiling While (PPAS) work plan and
Budget (RKA) work Unit (SKPD), which is essentially an elaboration of the Medium Term Development plan
Area (RPJMD).
Development vision and mission outlined in the Development Plan (RKPD) in the form of annual plans
and programs as well as bridging the planning and budgeting process. In addition, as well as to meet local
obligations mandated by Law Number 23/2014 on Regional Government. In Article 1 point 32 Regulation of
the Indonesian Minister of Home Affairs Number 13/ 2006 regarding Guidelines for Financial Management as
amended two times by Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 21/2011 regarding the Second
Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 13/2006 regarding Guidelines for
Financial Management and Article 1 point 25 Regional Regulation Number 3/2009 on the Fundamentals of
Financial Management stated that the priorities and Provisional budget Ceiling (PPAS) is a program design
priorities and the benchmark limit on the budget given to SKPD for each program as a reference in preparing the
budget plan Regional Work Units (RKA-SKPD) as agreed by parliament. Determination of the maximum limit
is done after taking into account the personnel expenditure.
Furthermore, the Minister Regulation No. 27/2013 on Guidelines for Budgetary Revenues and
Expenditures for Fiscal Year 2014 confirmed that the substance of the Priorities and Budget Ceiling While
(PPAS) reflecting regional development priorities associated with the objectives to be achieved, including the
priority program of Unit Work (SKPD) related. Priority programs of each Work Unit (SKPD) districts / cities
other than adapted to the regional government affairs are handled and has been synchronized with the priorities
of national programs that are listed in the Government Work Plan (RKP) in 2015 have also been synchronized
with program priorities provinces contained in the Government Work Plan (RKPD) province Year 2015
Priorities and budget ceiling while (PPAS) in addition to describing the budget cap (budget ceilings) while for
personnel expenditure, interest, subsidies, grants, social assistance, shopping for the results, financial aid and
unexpected expenditures and financing, also describes the budget cap (budget ceilings) while in their respective
work units (SKPD) based on priority programs and activities in the Government Work Plan (RKPD). The
temporary ceiling will be definitive after the draft local regulations on the budget agreed upon between the head
area with the parliament and a draft Regional Regulation on the budget is set by the regional head into Regional
Regulation on APBD.
Priority setting includes not only the decision of what is important to do, but also determine the scale of
the programs or activities that must be done in advance of the program and other activities based on an
understanding of the situation that underlies the need to set these priorities, scheme or design of various
alternatives which can be implemented, identify the consequences of each alternative will be selected and
decision-making best course of action to be performed. Furthermore, in accordance with the mandate of Article
86 of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 21/ 2011, the draft prepared by the Fiscal Year PPAS
3. The conflicting behavior of the government institutions in the arrangement of local income and…
*Corresponding Author: A. Jamaluddin 72 | Page
Determining the stage of regional development priorities; Set priorities for each program that is synchronized
with the business priorities and national programs listed in the Government Work Plan annually; and draw up
the provisional budget ceiling for each program/activity.
The high optimism in the government plan and budget for regional development is not accompanied
by good performance and earnest. This can be seen in the Regional Funding Revenue originating from the
remaining budget (SiLPA) Fiscal Year previously listed. The condition is not optimal showed regional
government in implementing development programs that have been planned, so that the budget is not realized
to the fullest. The high income areas and optimism in the preparation of high-spending areas is not
accompanied by the realization of government work, and so cannot take advantage of local finance to realize
development and improve people's welfare. When viewed from the financial management balanced between
revenue and expenditure will lead to friction between the interests of the executive as the executor of the budget
and the legislature as a budget watchdog. Friction interests of the executive and legislative potential for conflict
in execution of duties and authority of each. Executive and legislative institutions, a government agency that
two normatively understood to have differences in their respective institutions, which reflects government
executive agencies and legislative institutions that reflect the community as a representative institution.
Executive agency in this case is that local governments are responsible include the authority in all aspects of
government except foreign affairs, defense and security, justice, monetary, fiscal, and religion. Areas of
government in question is concerning the obligation of local governments covering public works, health,
education, culture, agriculture, transportation, industry and trade, environment and government policy and all of
it was planned and budgeted in the preparation of the Draft Budget Revenue and Expenditure (RAPBD).
Addressing conflicts of interest between the legislature and the executive in the budget process are
relevant to the theory of conflict behavior of two dimensions of Robbins (2008) that the conduct of the conflict
can be dealt with through action cooperativeness’ is a certain level where one party seeks to satisfy the interests
of the other party and firmness that is to some degree where a party seeks to meet its own interests. It identified
five dimensions of conflict behavior which competitive (assertive and uncooperative), collaborative (assertive
and cooperative), avoiding (unassertive and uncooperative), accomodating (cooperative and indecisive) and
compromising (the middle in terms of firmness and cooperative).
Problem behaviors agency conflicts raised in this study relates to the preparation of policies and
Determination of Regional Budget (APBD) which is implemented by the executive government (Local
Government) and the legislature (DPRD). Potential conflicts of this happened because of the behavior and
actions of each of the different agencies in actualizing the policy formulation of Public Policy budget (KUA),
the preparation of Priorities and Budget Ceiling While (PPAS) and Preparation of Draft Budget (budgets),
which refers to government regulation Number 58/2005 on Regional Financial Management Guidelines. This
policy is the basis for local governments and the Regional Representatives Council (DPRD) to realize the
implementation of financial management accountable and transparent. Budgeting initially by deliberations
Development Planning (musrenbang) started in the village, district and county. Musrenbang is the basis for the
preparation of Local Government Work Plan (RKPD) in one fiscal year. Local Government Work Plan (RKPD)
is the basis for the drafting of the Budget and Expenditure (RAPBD).
Musrenbang is also a public aspirations net more often known as netting romance. Nets romance is a
container used to screen a variety of Parliament or the public interests of their constituents. Various interests
are accommodated and discussed through the agency budget. Musrenbang implemented by executive referred
to in the discussion of budget by budget team. Romance nets carried out by Parliament and then synchronized
with Musrenbang. This could potentially occur in synchronization conflicts of interest that led to delays in the
preparation and approval of the budget. Understanding the foregoing, it becomes a consideration to see the
problem of the conflict is really going on with the Local Government Legislative Council, particularly
regarding Budgeting. For this reason researchers interested in studying behavior conflicts with the title in the
Local Government Institutions (Studies Executive Institute case with the Legislature in Budgetary Revenue and
Expenditure).
Problems studies reviewed in this case the conflict behavior of local government agencies. Conflicts
were observed in the executive and legislative bodies of local government. The tendency of the conflict moves
through the process and stages shows that the conflict is dynamic. A number of factors led to the dynamics of
conflict, such as: the source of structural conflict, a source of conflict role and conduct of the conflict, in which
the variation of the dynamics of the conflict can be understood through the intensity of policy conflicts within
the organization (Suratman, 2006: 8). The conflict is the dynamic of the organization that developed and
evolving all bring change organizational progress (Tyson and Jackson, 2001: 61).
Conflict organizational policy is an attempt to promote the organization. Typically in the organization,
conflict is functional and dysfunctional, depending on the construction of a conflict, the interests and goals of
the organization. Conflict functional is a conflict that supports the policy goals of the organization, while the
conflict is dysfunctional caused the failure of achievement of organizational goals (Tunner, 2000: 36).
4. The conflicting behavior of the government institutions in the arrangement of local income and…
*Corresponding Author: A. Jamaluddin 73 | Page
Considering the importance of conflict behavior involving party executives with legislature in budgeting
becomes important things to consider conflicts that occur because of differences in the interaction of the
behavior of the main tasks and functions that often lead to a fight, clash, conflict of interests, opinions,
objectives, struggles mental and spiritual suffering (a fight, a collision , a struggle, a contest, opposition of
interests, opinions or purposes, mental Strife and agony), which causes conflict behavior is static not dynamic.
Therefore there needs to be a dynamic conflict in accordance with the resolution of the conflict can be
managed properly to be innovation for the conduct of the conflict in accordance with the existence in
understanding the dimensions of conflict management to achieve organizational effectiveness. Problem
statement of this research is the conflict behavior of the executive and legislature in the preparation of the
budget for Fiscal Year 2015. This research problems: (1) How does the behavior of the conflict between the
executive and legislative institution at the stage of preparation of the Budget of Public Policy (KUA)?, (2) How
does the behavior of the conflict between the executive and legislative institution at the stage of preparation of
Priorities and Budget Ceiling While (PPAS) Government, (3) How does the behavior of the conflict between the
executive and the legislature at the stage of discussion of the Draft Budget and Expenditure (RAPBD)
Government?, and (4) How to model the resolution of conflicts between the executive and the legislature in the
Regional Budget (APBD) Government?
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The conflict comes from the Latin verb configere meaning hit each other. Sociologically, the conflict is
defined as a social process between two people or more (you can also group) in which one of the parties trying
to get rid of the other party to destroy it or make it powerless. The administration of conflict means different
views and interests of some rules and regulations that differ from the original agreement evidenced in writing
(Luthans, 2005). Conflict can be felt, known, expressed through behaviors of communication (Pruitt and
Jeffrey, 2004). Conflict is always centered on a few main reasons: the goals, the allocation of shared resources,
decisions, and behavior of each of the parties involved (Munandar, 2007).
Conflict is motivated by differences in the characteristics that brought the individual in an interaction.
The difference is a source of conflict among them is related to physical characteristics, intelligence, knowledge,
customs, beliefs, and so forth. Brought with him the characteristics of the individual in social interaction,
conflict is a normal situation in any society and any society is not one who has never experienced a conflict
between its members or with other community groups, the conflict will only disappear with the loss of society
itself. Conflict and integration runs as a cycle in the community. Controlled conflict will result integration.
Instead, an imperfect integration can create conflicts. The conflict can be divided into four kinds, namely the
conflict between or in the social role (intrapersonal), for example between the roles in the family or profession,
the conflict between social groups (inter-family, inter-gang), conflict organized group and disorganized (police
against the mass), and the conflict between national units (campaign, civil war) (Kusnadi, 2003).
Conflict can be a dispute (disagreement), suspense (the presence of tension), or the emergence of other
difficulties between two or more parties. Conflicts often cause opposition between the two sides, to the stage
where the parties involved looking at each other as a hindrance and nuisance achievement of the needs and
objectives of each. There are two definitions of the conflict: first, Substantive conflicts are disputes relating to
the group's goals, the allocation of resources within an organization, distribution policies and procedures, and
the distribution of job titles, and second, emotional conflicts occur due to any feelings of anger, disbelief, not
sympathy, fear and denial, as well as their opposition interpersonal. Conflicts that arise in a work environment
can be divided into four levels: first, the conflict within the individual itself. Conflicts can arise in a person in
case of overload, in which a person burdened with the responsibility too much work, and can also occur when
confronted to a point where decisions must be made involves choosing the best alternative.
Perspective below identifies four episodes of the conflict, namely: (1) approaches conflict, a situation
where one has to choose one among several alternatives that are just as good; (2) avoidances conflict, a state in
which a person forced to choose one among several alternative destinations which are just as bad; (3) approach
– avoidance conflict, a situation where a person motivated by a strong desire to achieve one goal, but on the
other hand simultaneously often hindered from that purpose by aspects of unprofitable that cannot be separated
from the process of reaching that goal itself, and (4) multiple approach-avoidance conflict, a situation where
someone forced confronted with the case of a dual combination of approach-avoidance conflict (Tosi et al.,
2006: 1) Conflict interpersonal is a conflict between an individual with individual other. Interpersonal conflict
can take the form substantive and emotional, even a major case of conflict faced by managers in terms of
interpersonal relationships as part of the managerial duties itself. Intergroup conflict is familiar to any
organization, and the conflict led to the difficulty of coordination and integration of activities related to the tasks
and jobs. In any case, intergroup relations should be managed as best as possible to maintain collaboration and
avoid all the dysfunctional consequences of any conflicts that may arise.
5. The conflicting behavior of the government institutions in the arrangement of local income and…
*Corresponding Author: A. Jamaluddin 74 | Page
Interorganizational conflict often associated with competition arising between stakeholder organizations.
Interorganizational conflict actually related to the larger issue anymore, for example, disputes between the
executive and legislature in the interests of each. In any case, the potential for conflict involves an individual
who represents the organization as a whole, not just the internal subunit or group. An unavoidable conflict of
bureaucratic organization, because there is always required even by a dynamic organization as happens in local
government agencies as an executive with the agency's Representative Council (DPRD) as the legislature in
drafting the Regional Budget (APBD). Various disagreements, initiatives, goals and interests between the
executive and the legislature are complex and have many organizational units involved often drove the conflict
is both conflicts.
Conflicts tend to move through the process or specific stages towards difference and do not follow the
pattern of straight, often lead to conflict, so that conflicts tend not static but dynamic. Conflict does not just
happen, but there are differences of opinion, initiatives, goals and interests lead to conflicts less innovative
behavior that impact on organizational performance and organization less competitive declining or stagnant.
Trigger of conflict is associated with structural conflict, conflict of roles and conflict behavior is shown between
the executive and legislative branches in the budget. In the real dynamics of conflict is largely determined by
the conduct of the conflict. Referenced conflict behavior of two-dimensional model of conflict behavior
(Robbins, 2010) makes clear that a conflict behavior measured by the levels of effort to obtain benefits for
themselves and give benefits to other parties. These two dimensions will generate handling two-dimensional
model the behavior of avoiding conflict, accommodating, and compromising), collaborating and competitive.
Variations interaction organizational behavior rooted from the structure, role conflict and conflict
behavior can be understood through the intensity of the conflict. For the executive and legislative branches, the
intensity of the conflict is at a continuous ranging from no conflict until the conflict annihilation, where the
characteristics ranging from the behavior of disagreement or misunderstanding small move to the behavior of
the statement or the difference, then the behavior of verbal attacks were firm, threats, ultimatums, aggressive
physical attack to the behavior of a blatant attempt to drop another party. The intensity of the conflict could be
lower or higher depending on the resolution of the conflict is the conflict resolution applied either destructive or
dysfunctional. Conflicts such as these impede or hinder the performance of the organization if they do not
produce innovation constructive conflict behavior (functional) to support the organization's handling of the
conflict dimension. Dysfunctional conflict should be avoided and always adaptive to changes in the direction of
conflict oriented to the achievement of organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness in resolving
the conflict based on the dimension of conflict resolution in the form of avoiding, accommodating,
compromising, competing and collaborating (Robbins, 2010).
III. METHOD
This research uses a qualitative research approach is comprehensive study was to explore and compare
the data thoroughly in accordance with the substance of the focus of the study observed. Qualitative research is
research to provide clarification or information on the findings that can be justified as the proposition that
became the forerunner of the theory. An informant in this study is the head of the Regional Work Units (SKPD)
as the Executive, members of parliament as the legislature, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
Community Leaders. The uses of the instrument in qualitative research always refer to an instrument that
indicates the capacity of individual researchers. Therefore, it is to be instrumental in this research is the
researcher's own (human instrument). As the main instrument, the researcher must override the various matters
relating to forms of prejudice, prejudice and assumptions derived from research participants or informants. In
order to process data collection, there are three activities carried out by researchers is getting in, getting along
and logging the data is in the form of in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis
techniques used in this study includes a series of data handling activities starting from the stage of collecting
data and then analyzed the data according to the stages of data reduction and data presentation, data verification
and data reduction.
IV. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Conduct conflict the executive and the legislature in budgeting in view of such behavior on the stage of
public policy making budgets, prioritization and budget ceilings while the government, discussion of the draft
budget of income and expenditure and models of conflict resolution are applied. Problems budgeting is often
characterized by differing views, opinions, assumptions, aspirations and interests that led to frequent different
views and interests of a rule of different provisions of the original agreement which proved orally and in writing
as experienced in the conflict of the executive and legislative branches. Symptoms of conflict can be felt,
known, expressed and manifested through the behavior of individuals, groups and organizations to make a
difference between the behavior of the other behaviors (Pruitt and Jeffrey, 2004).
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Conflicts involving the behavior of individuals, between individuals, groups and organizations, usually
motivated by differences in characteristics that can be categorized in four forms are the conflict between private,
sectarian conflict, a conflict between organized groups and groups between units of work, which cause
differences in understanding the budget. According Kusnadi (2009) may be a conflict of disputes
(disagreement), suspense (the presence of tension) or other difficulties emergence of two or more parties that
cause the nature of the opposition in dealing with a topic of study. The existence of a conflict cannot be
separated from the goals and needs that led to a difference in the attitude of behavior in dealing with the
problem. In principle basically a conflict occurs due consideration of the substantive conflict and emotional
conflict. Symptoms of conflict can be defined in two ways, namely substantive conflict and emotional conflict.
Substantive conflict is a dispute relating to the group's goals, the allocation of resources of an organization,
distribution wisdom, procedures and division of labor. Emotional conflicts caused by feelings of anger,
disbelief, not sympathy, fear, rejection and disagreement between individuals (Robbins, 2003).
Symptoms conflict substantive and emotional it often occurs between the legislature and the executive
on the budget process, so often the effect on the work environment that is conflict within the individual itself,
which raised the arrogance and attitude that over load or excessive in response to a decision, so it takes
understanding of interpersonal conflict that is focused on resolving the conflict so as not to give birth to the
ongoing conflict. According to Robbins (2003) conflict can influence positively or negatively, and always in
life. Therefore, the conflict should not have to be eliminated. The problem is how it could be in conflict
management in a way that does not cause social disintegration. Conflict management means to it that the
conflict was at optimal levels. If the conflict becomes too large and leads to a bad outcome, then the conflict
should be resolved. On the other hand, if the conflict is at a level that is too low, then the conflict should be
raised. Conflict management strategy refers to an activity that is intended to manage the conflict from the
planning, evaluation, and solution / settlement of a conflict that it becomes something positive for a change and
goal achievement.
Addressing conflicts of interest between the legislature and the executive in the budget process are
relevant to the theory of conflict behavior of two dimensions of Robbins (2008) that the conduct of the conflict
can be dealt with through action cooperativeness’ is a certain level where one party seeks to satisfy the interests
of the other party and firmness that is to some degree where a party seeks to meet its own interests. It identified
five dimensions of conflict behavior which competitive (assertive and uncooperative), collaborative (assertive
and cooperative), avoiding (unassertive and uncooperative), accommodating (cooperative and indecisive) and
compromising (the middle in terms of firmness and cooperative). Problem behaviors agency conflicts raised in
this study relates to the preparation of policies and Determination of Regional Budget (APBD) Government
Fiscal Year 2015 are implemented by the executive (local government) and the legislature (DPRD).
The conflict between the legislatures is certainly not out of the conflict episode. There are four
approaches used in conflict: (1) approaches conflict, i.e. situations where one must choose one among several
alternatives that are just as good; (2) avoidances conflict, namely the circumstances in which a person forced to
choose one among several alternative destinations which are just as bad; (3) approach – avoidance conflict, a
situation where a person motivated by a strong desire to achieve one goal, but on the other hand simultaneously
often hindered from that purpose by aspects unfavorable cannot be separated from the process of achieving the
goal itself; and (4) multiple approach-avoidance conflict, which is a situation where someone forced confronted
with cases of multiple combinations of approach-avoidance conflict (Tosi et al.,2006).
Approach episodes of this conflict, the various issues related to the potential conflict occurs because of
the behavior and actions of each of the different agencies in actualizing the policy formulation of Public Policy
budget (KUA), the preparation of Priorities and Budget Ceiling While (PPAS) and Preparation of Draft Budget
income and Expenditure (RAPBD), which refers to Government Regulation Number 58/2005 on Guidelines for
regional Financial Management. This policy is the basis for local governments and the Regional Representatives
Council (DPRD) to realize the implementation of financial management accountable and transparent. The
Musrenbang budgeting originally started in the village, district and county. Musrenbang is the basis for the
preparation of Local Government Work Plan (RKPD) in one fiscal year. Local Government Work Plan (RKPD)
is the basis for the drafting of the Budget and Expenditure (RAPBD).
Musrenbang is also a public aspirations net more often known as netting romance. Nets romance is a
container used to screen a variety of Parliament or the public interests of their constituents. Various interests are
accommodated and discussed through the agency budget. The Musrenbang implemented by executive referred
to in the discussion of budget by budget team. Romance nets carried out by Parliament and then synchronized
with Musrenbang. This could potentially occur in synchronization conflicts of interest that led to delays in the
preparation and approval of the budget.
Conflict management is a way that individuals use in controlling, directing, and resolve conflicts, in
this case is interpersonal conflict. Through various methods of resolution conflict, as follows: First, the method
of use of force. People often use the power and authority so that conflicts can be mitigated or extinguished.
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Second, the parties to the conflict should be mutual understanding of the conflict with the language of love, to
break and restore relationships that lead to peace. Third, that is, providing an opportunity for each party to
express opinions and give his opinion faith in the truth that can be accepted by both parties.
The strategy is seen as more effective in conflict management include: (1) peaceful coexistence, which
control the conflict by not interfere with each other and hurt each other, with set rules that refer to peace and to
be applied strictly and consistently; (2) with the mediation (the intercession). If settlement of the conflict
deadlocked, each party can appoint a third party to be intermediaries that act honestly and fairly and impartially.
On the other hand, are seen as the most effective strategy, among others: (1) the purpose major ally, by
involving the parties to the conflict towards the larger goals and complex. For example, by way of building a
more robust national consciousness; (2) bargaining integrative, i.e. by bringing the parties to the conflict, to
concentrate more on broad interest, and not only the range of narrow interests, for instance the interests of the
individual, group, class or race specific (Riggs, 2008).
Conflict and integration runs as a cycle in the community. Controlled conflict will result integration.
Instead, an imperfect integration can create conflicts. The institution in question is expected to function
effectively, which meets at least four things: (1) must be able to take decisions autonomously, without
interference from other agencies; (2) The institution should be monopolistic, in the sense that institutions are
functioning so; (3) The institution should be able to bind the interests of the parties to the conflict; and (4) the
institution must be democratic. Without these four, the conflict between some social forces will appear below
the surface, which in turn will explode again in the form of violence. Control by means of mediation, with the
intention that the parties to the conflict agree to appoint a third party who will provide advice, in association
with the best solution to the conflicts they experienced. Control of the conflict by means of arbitration, it is
intended that the conflicting parties agree to accept a third party, which will serve to provide decision-making,
in order to resolve the existing. In contrast to mediation, a way of arbitration requires the parties to the conflict
to accept the decisions taken by the referee.
The pattern of conflict resolution can also be done by using strategies such as the following: (1) use
the competition in the resolution of the conflict, when quick and decisive action is vital, on important issues, in
which the unpopular measures need to be implemented; (2) use collaboration to find integrative problem solving
when both devices interests are too important to be compromised; (3) use avoidance when there was an issue
(issue) is trivial, or no issue (issue) is more important urgency; if you see no opportunity for satisfying the
interests you; (4) use of accommodation if it is known we are wrong and to allow the establishment of better
heard, to learn, and to show fairness; and (5) use of compromise when an important goal, but it does not deserve
the effort approaches a more assertive with the possibility of interference.
The ability to confront and deal with conflict is one key to success in an organization. Whenever
expect a change, there is definitely potential for conflict. For that every individual should be able to handle
situations in which a conflict between self or one or more other members, but also the time needed to resolve the
conflict. Conflict is a divergence of the possibility of two or more directions objectives and actions are not only
inevitable but also as something to be reckoned with in life. Conflict has two components, namely the substance
and emotional, located somewhere along the two images between the conflicts on the one hand and on the other
side of personality clashes.
Approach to conflict resolution categorized in two dimensions; cooperation and firm that uses five
kinds of approaches: (1) avoidance regarding indifference of both groups. This situation illustrates the
withdrawal of interest or ignoring the interests of other groups; (2) property, namely conflict resolution
described the competition mirror images are on the whole settlement on the other side without any attempt to
fight for own ends. The process is similar to the tactics of peace; (3) which is a compromise between the
approach of the dominance of groups and peace groups. One side gives and the other receives something. Both
groups minded moderate, not exhaustive, but is satisfying; (4) competition that conflict resolution that defined
the beat or the expense of others. Completion of the form of competition known as win-lose orientation; and (5)
collaboration namely establishment of conflict resolution that is satisfactory to both parties. This effort is the
approach to problem solving which requires the integration of both sides.
V. CONCLUSION
The results of this research led to several findings, namely; (1) there is a conflict and debate between
the executive and the legislature that cause conflict behavior in determining the theme of development,
development priorities, plans macroeconomic targets and strategies to achieve revenue, financing and
expenditures at the stage of preparation of KUA Government; (2) there is a conflict in the determination of the
plan PAD, determination of financing, income and expenditure, the determination of regional government
affairs, prioritization of programs and activities and the determination of employee expenses, interest, grants,
social assistance and expenditure unexpected cause behavioral conflicts between the executive and PPAS
legislature at the time of the determination of the Government; (3) there is a debate that lead to behavioral
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conflict between the executive and legislature in the Plenary Session, Joint Meeting, RAPBD Evaluation
Meeting, the Plenary Session of Approval and Evaluation Meeting of Governors discussed the draft budget of
the Government; and (4) the right model to use in resolving the conflict between the executive and the
legislature in the budget process, namely Model Settling Conflicts can neutralize, minimize, optimize and
prevent the ongoing conflict.
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[11] Indonesian Government Regulation No. 58 Year 2005 on Regional Financial Management Guidelines.
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