THE CONCEPT OF KARMA ( INTRO TO PHILO)
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Karma is a core concept in Hinduism and other Indian religions that suggests good or bad deeds can influence future outcomes through reincarnation. According to karma, good actions lead to beneficial effects while bad actions lead to harmful effects, either in this life or a future one. The effects are not necessarily immediate, and karma is more concerned with moral intentions rather than just actions and consequences. Karma is connected to the concept of reincarnation, in which the soul is reborn in a new body based on the depletion of past karmas.
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The Vedas
The Vedas are a collection of ancient religious texts composed in India between 1500-1000 BCE. They are considered sacred texts of Hinduism and include hymns, prayers, myths and formulas for rituals. The core Vedic texts are divided into four collections - the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The Upanishads were composed later between 800-500 BCE and discuss philosophical and spiritual ideas such as karma, samsara, dharma and the concept of Brahman as the ultimate unchanging reality.
The vedas
The Vedas are the oldest scriptures in India, composed between 1500-1000 BC. They are considered eternal knowledge and were written in Sanskrit. The four main Vedas are the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising deities like Indra, while the Samaveda contains chants. The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas and the Atharvaveda contains spells and charms. Yoga originated from teachings in the Vedas on controlling the mind and senses to achieve liberation. The Vedas provide principles for spiritual, cosmic, self and relationship management that can be applied
concept of Karma
The document discusses the concepts of dharma, karma, and karmayoga from ancient Indian philosophy. It defines dharma as ethical conduct and the supreme law of humanity. Ancient Indian philosophy contains three concepts of dharma - actions and their consequences, being just to others, and the outcome of one's deeds. Karma refers to all of one's actions and deeds in this life and past lives. Karmayoga is the theory that one can choose actions but not results. There are two types of karmayoga - nishkam, without attachment to personal gains, and sakam, with selfish desires for rewards. Nishkam karma leads to benefits like a stress-free mind while s
The Vedas
The document provides an overview and analysis of key concepts and passages from the Vedas:
- There are four main Vedas - the Rg, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas. Each has four parts including hymns, rituals, forest teachings, and philosophical texts like the Upanishads.
- The Rg Veda's first hymn references Agni, the god of fire, as a sacrificial priest and bestower of delight. Analysis shows Agni represents the fire of enthusiasm that conquers lethargy.
- Other hymns reference concepts like Indra representing the power of the mind, Usha representing dawn as an intermediary
MIMANSA: Indian Schools of Philosophy
The Purva Mimamsa school of Indian philosophy focuses on investigating and understanding dharma based on the earliest parts of the Vedas. It believes that dharma can only be known through revelation in the infallible Vedas, not perception or reasoning. The school's goal is to provide enlightenment on dharma, understood as ritual obligations that maintain cosmic and personal harmony. It views the Vedas as eternal and authorless scripture. Perception and inference are valid means of knowledge, but the Vedas are the only source of knowledge regarding dharma. The school believes in karma, rebirth, and moksha as the cessation of pleasure and pain's cycle. While it
The Upanishads
The document provides background information on the Upanishads, including their origins, key concepts, authors, and the 10 principal Upanishads. It notes that the Upanishads express the striving of the human mind to understand reality and set forth fundamental conceptions. They contain lofty ideals and poetry that have moved great minds.
The vedas
The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative Hindu sacred texts originating in ancient India. They are written in Sanskrit and consist of four main texts - the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising Vedic gods like Agni and Indra. The Samaveda contains melodies and chants primarily derived from the Rigveda. The Yajurveda describes religious rituals and ceremonies. The Atharvaveda consists of spells and charms and provides insights into Vedic society.
Karma 12D.ppt
Ppt file on karma , what is karma , how it’s work , how karma work , karma discription , Buddhist karma
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The Vedas
The Vedas are a collection of ancient religious texts composed in India between 1500-1000 BCE. They are considered sacred texts of Hinduism and include hymns, prayers, myths and formulas for rituals. The core Vedic texts are divided into four collections - the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The Upanishads were composed later between 800-500 BCE and discuss philosophical and spiritual ideas such as karma, samsara, dharma and the concept of Brahman as the ultimate unchanging reality.
The vedas
The Vedas are the oldest scriptures in India, composed between 1500-1000 BC. They are considered eternal knowledge and were written in Sanskrit. The four main Vedas are the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising deities like Indra, while the Samaveda contains chants. The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas and the Atharvaveda contains spells and charms. Yoga originated from teachings in the Vedas on controlling the mind and senses to achieve liberation. The Vedas provide principles for spiritual, cosmic, self and relationship management that can be applied
concept of Karma
The document discusses the concepts of dharma, karma, and karmayoga from ancient Indian philosophy. It defines dharma as ethical conduct and the supreme law of humanity. Ancient Indian philosophy contains three concepts of dharma - actions and their consequences, being just to others, and the outcome of one's deeds. Karma refers to all of one's actions and deeds in this life and past lives. Karmayoga is the theory that one can choose actions but not results. There are two types of karmayoga - nishkam, without attachment to personal gains, and sakam, with selfish desires for rewards. Nishkam karma leads to benefits like a stress-free mind while s
The Vedas
The document provides an overview and analysis of key concepts and passages from the Vedas:
- There are four main Vedas - the Rg, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas. Each has four parts including hymns, rituals, forest teachings, and philosophical texts like the Upanishads.
- The Rg Veda's first hymn references Agni, the god of fire, as a sacrificial priest and bestower of delight. Analysis shows Agni represents the fire of enthusiasm that conquers lethargy.
- Other hymns reference concepts like Indra representing the power of the mind, Usha representing dawn as an intermediary
MIMANSA: Indian Schools of Philosophy
The Purva Mimamsa school of Indian philosophy focuses on investigating and understanding dharma based on the earliest parts of the Vedas. It believes that dharma can only be known through revelation in the infallible Vedas, not perception or reasoning. The school's goal is to provide enlightenment on dharma, understood as ritual obligations that maintain cosmic and personal harmony. It views the Vedas as eternal and authorless scripture. Perception and inference are valid means of knowledge, but the Vedas are the only source of knowledge regarding dharma. The school believes in karma, rebirth, and moksha as the cessation of pleasure and pain's cycle. While it
The Upanishads
The document provides background information on the Upanishads, including their origins, key concepts, authors, and the 10 principal Upanishads. It notes that the Upanishads express the striving of the human mind to understand reality and set forth fundamental conceptions. They contain lofty ideals and poetry that have moved great minds.
The vedas
The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative Hindu sacred texts originating in ancient India. They are written in Sanskrit and consist of four main texts - the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains hymns praising Vedic gods like Agni and Indra. The Samaveda contains melodies and chants primarily derived from the Rigveda. The Yajurveda describes religious rituals and ceremonies. The Atharvaveda consists of spells and charms and provides insights into Vedic society.
Karma 12D.ppt
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Indian Heritage-Veda.ppt
The document summarizes the key aspects of the four Vedas - Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva. It discusses how they were compiled by Vyasa into four groups from over 1,131 branches that were preserved orally. Each Veda is then briefly described in terms of its content, associated deities, number of hymns, as well as important Upanishads and traditions associated with them.
Very basic introduction to hinduism!
Hinduism is the world's oldest religion originating in India about 4000 years ago. It has no single founder but developed from Brahminism. The main symbol is Aum and it is different from other faiths in having no single founder or prophets. Key beliefs include reincarnation governed by karma, and Hindus aim to achieve moksha by living dharma, artha and karma. There are many gods representing different forms of the universal Brahman. Important texts are the Vedas written in Sanskrit comprising hymns on nature and life.
Hinduism
Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is a family of linked religious cultures bound by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, pilgrimage to sacred sites and the questioning of authority.
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Introduction To Hindu Dharma
Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with over 1 billion followers worldwide. It believes in an eternal spiritual principle called Sanatana Dharma. The core scriptures are the Vedas, which form the basis of Hindu beliefs and philosophy. Hinduism sees divinity in all of creation and believes in an impersonal and personal conception of God. It teaches that all individuals have an eternal soul (Atman) that is ultimately one with the divine (Brahman).
Shaivism
Shaivism has a long history in India dating back to the Vedic period. It grew in popularity and influence during the Gupta period as evidenced by literary and archaeological sources. Various Shaiva sects emerged like Pashupata, Shaiva Siddhanta, Kapalika, and Lingayata. Shaivism spread across India through royal patronage and the construction of prominent Shiva temples. It was a diverse tradition encompassing both peaceful and fierce forms of worship for Shiva. Shaivism remains an influential religious tradition in India to this day.
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Vedanta refers to the philosophical traditions and sutras that were based on, and aimed to synthesize, the teachings of the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras. The document outlines six primary concepts of the Upanishads: Brahman as the ultimate impersonal reality; Atman as the true self; Avidya as ignorance of reality/self; Samsara as the cycle of rebirth fueled by karma; and Moksha as liberation from samsara through realizing the identity of Atman and Brahman. It also discusses the different views of Brahman and debates around its nature.
Upanishads
The Upanishads are sacred Hindu scriptures composed between 800-500 BCE that discuss the ultimate nature of reality. They teach that [1] Brahman is the single, eternal, unchanging reality beneath the illusion of multiplicity. Atman, the true self, is identical to Brahman. However, due to [2] avidya or ignorance, humans experience [3] samsara, the cycle of rebirth governed by [4] karma. The goal is to attain [5] moksha or liberation from samsara through enlightenment of the identity of Atman and Brahman.
Bhagavad Gita - A Brief Introduction
The document provides an introduction to Krishna and the Bhagavad Gita. It discusses how Krishna imparted the teachings of the Vedas and yoga to others. The Gita was spoken around 2 million years ago to help humans in difficult times. It contains Krishna's teachings on dharma, karma, nature, and the path to self-realization. Quotes from the Gita emphasize Krishna's central role and importance of undistorted devotion to him.
Introduction To Bhagavad Gita
The document provides background on the Bhagavad Gita and discusses the difference between studying it and more academic subjects. It explains that while studying other subjects provides information, studying the Gita provides transformation by developing qualities like those Arjuna gained through hearing Krishna. It highlights the special role of humans is to inquire about absolute truth, unlike animals who just eat, sleep, mate and defend. The human body is meant to help one cross the ocean of material existence and realize the soul.
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Partial notes on BBA 205 course for students of IP University (Delhi) and anyone who wants a beginner's level knowledge on business ethics.
Citations are reflected in the slides.
What Is Hinduism
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions, originating over 5,000 years ago in India. It has no single founder but developed from the Vedic tradition and is based on sacred texts like the Upanishads and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus believe in an ultimate reality called Brahman that is manifest in personal deities and worshipped through practices like bhakti yoga. The goal of life is to release the soul (atman) from the cycle of rebirth and reunite it with Brahman.
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Sanatana Dharma
The document provides an overview of some of the key foundations and concepts in Hinduism, including its origins in the Indus Valley civilization and Vedic traditions. It discusses concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, the four paths of yoga (karma, jnana, raja, and bhakti), and the Upanishadic idea of Brahman as the ultimate impersonal reality and Atman as the soul. The Vedas and Upanishads are also summarized as some of the earliest Hindu scriptures containing hymns, rituals, and spiritual teachings.
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Aryabhata was a renowned mathematician and astronomer from India who lived in the 5th century CE. Some of his key contributions include calculating pi to four decimal places, proposing that the earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun, and developing the concept of zero. Bhaskara Acharya was a 12th century mathematician from India who is considered a pioneer in algebra. Some of his contributions include treatises on mathematics and discovering the concept of gravity centuries before Sir Isaac Newton. Acharya Kanada was a 6th century BCE Indian philosopher who is believed to have founded the philosophy of Vaisheshika and developed the theory of atoms, proposing that all objects in the universe are composed of
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This document provides an outline for a course on the Bhagavad Gita. It begins with an introduction and then lists 18 chapters. Each chapter is summarized with bullet points highlighting the key teachings and concepts discussed in that section of the text. The overall document serves as a study guide, breaking down the Bhagavad Gita into its main components and sections to help students understand the essential philosophical and spiritual concepts being conveyed.
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This document provides an overview of the Puranas, a genre of Hindu religious texts. It discusses the main characteristics of Puranas which include the creation of the world, periods of Manus, genealogies of gods and sages, and accounts of royal dynasties. It also describes some key concepts in the Puranas like the four ages (Yugas) and the concept of time. Finally, it summarizes 18 major Puranas including the Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Brahma, Vishnu, Bhagavata, Padma, and Garuda Puranas.
†Mimamsa †
Mimamsa is an orthodox Hindu philosophy that focuses on interpreting the Vedas through a hermeneutic process called "mimamsa". It is divided into Purva Mimamsa, which focuses on the proper performance of Vedic rituals, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta), which focuses on the knowledge of brahman. The goals of Mimamsa are to provide enlightenment on dharma through correct interpretation of the eternal and authoritative Vedas, as dharma can only be known through revelation and defines one's ritual duties and obligations.
[Type text][Type text][Type text]Halil Ibrahim GozumReligi.docx
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text]
Halil Ibrahim Gozum
Religion 212
Week 10
Religion
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
Nature of God
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals
Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism
Hinduism does not have a single founder.
Fisher, 2014, p 95
In Jainism, Rishabba, who is the first of the tirthankara is the founder.
Fisher, 2014 pp. 121, 124
In Hinduism, their Gods include Vishnu, the supreme God in Hindu;s Vaishnavite tradition. Krishna, either one of the Supreme Being and/or and avatar of Vishnu. Brahma is the Hindu creation God.
Shiva is one of the live primary form of God in Smarta tradition. Shakti is the form of divine feminine creative power is worshiped as the Supreme being.
Fisher, 2014 pp 84-90
In Jainism, Jains believe that they are the ones who are in control of their destiny. They believe in the power of life. They view demons as being subject to the same passions of humans. One may achieve complete liberation only in a human form.
Fisher, 2014 p.124
In Hinduism all the human beings are considered as the extension of the Brahma, the supreme being
In Jainism, the soul is not created and it has an infinite knowledge and power.
In Hinduism, the sanskirt word karma means “ actions” and refers to the fundamental Hindu principal that one’s morel actions have unavoidable and automatic effects on one’s fortunes in this lie and condition of rebirth. Fisher, 2014 p.77
Jainism teaches the two kind of karma; Ghati (Destructive)
And Aghati (Non-destructive). The soul is affected by the former and the body is affected by the latter.
In Hinduism, Salvation is the freedom from this cycle of birth and death.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, the main prayer, salutes the five special categories of souls that have consciousness or are on their way to achieving it to match.
In Hinduism, they believe in the rebirth and reincarnation of souls and souls are immortal.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, Death may be same as reborn in another physical appearance in the “earthly realm”, suffering the punishment in one of the eight hells or joining the other liberated souls in the heaven.
Fisher, 2014, p.125
In Hinduism, the central Hindu worship is Puja. Puja is a ritual to engage the senses of both devotee and the Gods. Darsham is the act of seeing and being seen by the deity to attain grace. Fisher, 2014 p.95
In Jainism, rituals are important to the Jain faith because beliefs and values are expressed through them.
In Hinduism,
Holi happens at the end of Winter and beginning fo spring.
Janmashrami is Krishna;s birthday. Ganesh is the removal of obstacles celebration
In Jainism, Divali Paryushan Mahaparva is the celebration with meditation, fasting and spiritual study.
Fisher, 2014 pp 108-111, 131-133.
Week 3
Buddhism
Alternative to the ritual oriented Brahmanism if India
There is no personal god.
Buddha was not pessimist or.
Jainism
Jainism originated in India in the 6th century BCE as a protest against rituals in Hinduism. It teaches that souls undergo reincarnation until achieving moksha by following ahimsa (non-violence). Jainism denies a supreme being and believes in an eternal universe containing innumerable souls. Key figures are 24 Tirthankaras who teach the path to liberation, notably Mahavira in the 6th century BCE. Jains strive to minimize karma and attain moksha through ascetic practices like meditation and nonviolence.
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Hinduism is the world's oldest religion originating in India about 4000 years ago. It has no single founder but developed from Brahminism. The main symbol is Aum and it is different from other faiths in having no single founder or prophets. Key beliefs include reincarnation governed by karma, and Hindus aim to achieve moksha by living dharma, artha and karma. There are many gods representing different forms of the universal Brahman. Important texts are the Vedas written in Sanskrit comprising hymns on nature and life.
Hinduism
Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is a family of linked religious cultures bound by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, pilgrimage to sacred sites and the questioning of authority.
Early vedic religion
The document discusses the Vedic period and religion in India. It provides an overview of Vedic literature and classification. It describes the major Vedic gods including Agni, Soma, Indra, Rudra, Varuna, Vishnu, and Surya. It discusses their nature, forms, and importance in Vedic religion. It also examines theories about the Aryan invasion and the relationship between the Indus Valley civilization and the Vedic period based on archaeological evidence.
Science of hinduism ppt
This document discusses the origins and history of Hinduism in India. It describes how the earliest humans migrated to India 70,000 years ago, and how Indo-Aryans from Central Asia began migrating to India around 2,000 BCE, bringing with them Vedic religion and culture. It notes that the Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1,700 BCE, as the Vedic texts like the Rig Veda were being composed. Hinduism then evolved from Vedic religion incorporating local traditions and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The document provides details on key figures, texts, and beliefs in Hinduism and how it developed in India over millennia.
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Introduction To Hindu Dharma
Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions, with over 1 billion followers worldwide. It believes in an eternal spiritual principle called Sanatana Dharma. The core scriptures are the Vedas, which form the basis of Hindu beliefs and philosophy. Hinduism sees divinity in all of creation and believes in an impersonal and personal conception of God. It teaches that all individuals have an eternal soul (Atman) that is ultimately one with the divine (Brahman).
Shaivism
Shaivism has a long history in India dating back to the Vedic period. It grew in popularity and influence during the Gupta period as evidenced by literary and archaeological sources. Various Shaiva sects emerged like Pashupata, Shaiva Siddhanta, Kapalika, and Lingayata. Shaivism spread across India through royal patronage and the construction of prominent Shiva temples. It was a diverse tradition encompassing both peaceful and fierce forms of worship for Shiva. Shaivism remains an influential religious tradition in India to this day.
Vedanta philosophy sdmcnys
Vedanta refers to the philosophical traditions and sutras that were based on, and aimed to synthesize, the teachings of the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras. The document outlines six primary concepts of the Upanishads: Brahman as the ultimate impersonal reality; Atman as the true self; Avidya as ignorance of reality/self; Samsara as the cycle of rebirth fueled by karma; and Moksha as liberation from samsara through realizing the identity of Atman and Brahman. It also discusses the different views of Brahman and debates around its nature.
Upanishads
The Upanishads are sacred Hindu scriptures composed between 800-500 BCE that discuss the ultimate nature of reality. They teach that [1] Brahman is the single, eternal, unchanging reality beneath the illusion of multiplicity. Atman, the true self, is identical to Brahman. However, due to [2] avidya or ignorance, humans experience [3] samsara, the cycle of rebirth governed by [4] karma. The goal is to attain [5] moksha or liberation from samsara through enlightenment of the identity of Atman and Brahman.
Bhagavad Gita - A Brief Introduction
The document provides an introduction to Krishna and the Bhagavad Gita. It discusses how Krishna imparted the teachings of the Vedas and yoga to others. The Gita was spoken around 2 million years ago to help humans in difficult times. It contains Krishna's teachings on dharma, karma, nature, and the path to self-realization. Quotes from the Gita emphasize Krishna's central role and importance of undistorted devotion to him.
Introduction To Bhagavad Gita
The document provides background on the Bhagavad Gita and discusses the difference between studying it and more academic subjects. It explains that while studying other subjects provides information, studying the Gita provides transformation by developing qualities like those Arjuna gained through hearing Krishna. It highlights the special role of humans is to inquire about absolute truth, unlike animals who just eat, sleep, mate and defend. The human body is meant to help one cross the ocean of material existence and realize the soul.
Vedas, Vedanta, Upanishads, Brahmsutras & Gita
Partial notes on BBA 205 course for students of IP University (Delhi) and anyone who wants a beginner's level knowledge on business ethics.
Citations are reflected in the slides.
What Is Hinduism
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions, originating over 5,000 years ago in India. It has no single founder but developed from the Vedic tradition and is based on sacred texts like the Upanishads and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus believe in an ultimate reality called Brahman that is manifest in personal deities and worshipped through practices like bhakti yoga. The goal of life is to release the soul (atman) from the cycle of rebirth and reunite it with Brahman.
Vision and Approaches of Upanishads
The document discusses the Upanishads, which are part of the Vedic literature in Hinduism. It outlines three key components for spiritual knowledge: a guru, sacred texts, and experience. It then summarizes several important Upanishads, explaining their philosophical teachings and dialogues. The Upanishads seek to understand existence, life, death, the soul, universe, and God through mystical experiences and questions. They form the foundation of Hindu philosophy and theology.
Sanatana Dharma
The document provides an overview of some of the key foundations and concepts in Hinduism, including its origins in the Indus Valley civilization and Vedic traditions. It discusses concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, the four paths of yoga (karma, jnana, raja, and bhakti), and the Upanishadic idea of Brahman as the ultimate impersonal reality and Atman as the soul. The Vedas and Upanishads are also summarized as some of the earliest Hindu scriptures containing hymns, rituals, and spiritual teachings.
Great Ancient Indians
Aryabhata was a renowned mathematician and astronomer from India who lived in the 5th century CE. Some of his key contributions include calculating pi to four decimal places, proposing that the earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun, and developing the concept of zero. Bhaskara Acharya was a 12th century mathematician from India who is considered a pioneer in algebra. Some of his contributions include treatises on mathematics and discovering the concept of gravity centuries before Sir Isaac Newton. Acharya Kanada was a 6th century BCE Indian philosopher who is believed to have founded the philosophy of Vaisheshika and developed the theory of atoms, proposing that all objects in the universe are composed of
Bhagavad gita for beginners
This document provides an outline for a course on the Bhagavad Gita. It begins with an introduction and then lists 18 chapters. Each chapter is summarized with bullet points highlighting the key teachings and concepts discussed in that section of the text. The overall document serves as a study guide, breaking down the Bhagavad Gita into its main components and sections to help students understand the essential philosophical and spiritual concepts being conveyed.
A brief introduction of puranas
This document provides an overview of the Puranas, a genre of Hindu religious texts. It discusses the main characteristics of Puranas which include the creation of the world, periods of Manus, genealogies of gods and sages, and accounts of royal dynasties. It also describes some key concepts in the Puranas like the four ages (Yugas) and the concept of time. Finally, it summarizes 18 major Puranas including the Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Brahma, Vishnu, Bhagavata, Padma, and Garuda Puranas.
†Mimamsa †
Mimamsa is an orthodox Hindu philosophy that focuses on interpreting the Vedas through a hermeneutic process called "mimamsa". It is divided into Purva Mimamsa, which focuses on the proper performance of Vedic rituals, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta), which focuses on the knowledge of brahman. The goals of Mimamsa are to provide enlightenment on dharma through correct interpretation of the eternal and authoritative Vedas, as dharma can only be known through revelation and defines one's ritual duties and obligations.
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Halil Ibrahim Gozum
Religion 212
Week 10
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
Nature of God
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals
Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism
Hinduism does not have a single founder.
Fisher, 2014, p 95
In Jainism, Rishabba, who is the first of the tirthankara is the founder.
Fisher, 2014 pp. 121, 124
In Hinduism, their Gods include Vishnu, the supreme God in Hindu;s Vaishnavite tradition. Krishna, either one of the Supreme Being and/or and avatar of Vishnu. Brahma is the Hindu creation God.
Shiva is one of the live primary form of God in Smarta tradition. Shakti is the form of divine feminine creative power is worshiped as the Supreme being.
Fisher, 2014 pp 84-90
In Jainism, Jains believe that they are the ones who are in control of their destiny. They believe in the power of life. They view demons as being subject to the same passions of humans. One may achieve complete liberation only in a human form.
Fisher, 2014 p.124
In Hinduism all the human beings are considered as the extension of the Brahma, the supreme being
In Jainism, the soul is not created and it has an infinite knowledge and power.
In Hinduism, the sanskirt word karma means “ actions” and refers to the fundamental Hindu principal that one’s morel actions have unavoidable and automatic effects on one’s fortunes in this lie and condition of rebirth. Fisher, 2014 p.77
Jainism teaches the two kind of karma; Ghati (Destructive)
And Aghati (Non-destructive). The soul is affected by the former and the body is affected by the latter.
In Hinduism, Salvation is the freedom from this cycle of birth and death.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, the main prayer, salutes the five special categories of souls that have consciousness or are on their way to achieving it to match.
In Hinduism, they believe in the rebirth and reincarnation of souls and souls are immortal.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, Death may be same as reborn in another physical appearance in the “earthly realm”, suffering the punishment in one of the eight hells or joining the other liberated souls in the heaven.
Fisher, 2014, p.125
In Hinduism, the central Hindu worship is Puja. Puja is a ritual to engage the senses of both devotee and the Gods. Darsham is the act of seeing and being seen by the deity to attain grace. Fisher, 2014 p.95
In Jainism, rituals are important to the Jain faith because beliefs and values are expressed through them.
In Hinduism,
Holi happens at the end of Winter and beginning fo spring.
Janmashrami is Krishna;s birthday. Ganesh is the removal of obstacles celebration
In Jainism, Divali Paryushan Mahaparva is the celebration with meditation, fasting and spiritual study.
Fisher, 2014 pp 108-111, 131-133.
Week 3
Buddhism
Alternative to the ritual oriented Brahmanism if India
There is no personal god.
Buddha was not pessimist or.
Jainism
Jainism originated in India in the 6th century BCE as a protest against rituals in Hinduism. It teaches that souls undergo reincarnation until achieving moksha by following ahimsa (non-violence). Jainism denies a supreme being and believes in an eternal universe containing innumerable souls. Key figures are 24 Tirthankaras who teach the path to liberation, notably Mahavira in the 6th century BCE. Jains strive to minimize karma and attain moksha through ascetic practices like meditation and nonviolence.
The doctrine-of-karma-and-transmigration-in-jainism
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Karma and Reincarnation
The document discusses the concepts of reincarnation and karma in Hinduism. It explains that Hindu philosophy views the human as composed of two principles - the eternal spiritual soul (atman) and the temporary material body. Upon death, the atman is reborn in a new body, determined by its karma from past lives. This continuous cycle of birth, death and rebirth, governed by the law of karma, is known as samsara. The goal is to achieve moksha or liberation from this cycle through fulfilling one's dharma and reaching spiritual perfection.
Jainism beliefs sikhms beliefs
The document discusses several key beliefs and principles of Jainism. It states that Jains believe that animals and plants have souls equal to human souls. They practice strict non-violence and minimize resource use. The goals are to attain liberation from the cycle of rebirth through eliminating karma and ultimately live in eternal bliss. There are no gods; individuals achieve spiritual progress through right faith, knowledge, and conduct according to principles of non-violence and asceticism.
Jainism
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion based on non-violence that believes souls can achieve enlightenment by shedding karmic bonds. It divided into the Digambara and Svetambara sects around 200 years after the death of Mahavira, its last prophet, over minor differences like whether monks wear clothes. The Digambara sect believes women cannot achieve enlightenment directly due to rules against nakedness and beliefs that their bodies are less non-violent, while the Svetambara sect disagrees.
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Biocentrism worldview
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.
Philosophy of karma
Karma: (What Goes Around, Comes Around), It is commonly understood as an entire cycle of Cause and Effect as described in the philosophies of a number of religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism,coincidence is in reality an illusion, Karma is actually a very complex concept since you can never tell which cause is responsible for which effect.
Buddhist-Ethics-Part-II.pdf
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2) Ahimsa as non-violence and compassion in Buddhism, which applies to all living beings and stems from the idea that hurting another is hurting oneself.
3) Karma Bhava Chakra as representing the cyclical nature
Buddhist-Ethics Part-II.ppt
The document summarizes key concepts in Buddhist ethics, including the Noble Eightfold Path, Ahimsa (non-violence), Karma Bhava Chakra (wheel of becoming), and Sila (morality). It describes:
1) The Noble Eightfold Path as the system to achieve enlightenment through Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.
2) Ahimsa as non-violence and causing no harm to living beings, which is an important tenet in Buddhism though vegetarianism is not mandatory for monks or laypersons.
3) Karma Bhava Chakra as
Yoga
The document discusses the key concepts of yoga, including yoga itself, karma, dharma, swadharma, manah, buddhi, samskara, kriya, viveka, vairagya, and sannyasa. It explains each concept in 1-2 paragraphs and their meanings as derived from Sanskrit. It also lists some of the top benefits of yoga practice and the most important poses for relaxation, such as balasana, uttasana, setu bandha sarvangasana, utthana shishosana, and shavasana.
Powerpoint Religions
The document provides information about several major Asian religions including Buddhism, Hinduism, Shinto, Sikhism, and Taoism. Buddhism focuses on spiritual development and compassion, teaches reincarnation, and uses meditation and mantras in spiritual practice. Hinduism believes in reincarnation governed by karma and has over 900 million followers. Shinto involves nature spirit worship and shrines in Japan. Sikhism emphasizes good deeds and equality. Taoism focuses on living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe.
Buddhism by Eleni Georgiou
Buddhism originated in India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who lived between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. The Buddha taught that life is suffering due to craving and ignorance, and that one can be liberated from suffering by eliminating craving and ignorance through understanding dependent origination and attaining nirvana. In Buddhism, karma refers to intentional actions that have moral consequences, and rebirth is understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process determined by karma rather than the transmigration of a soul.
Hinduism and buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism both believe in reincarnation and karma. However, Hinduism is polytheistic and believes in gods like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, while Buddhism does not believe in gods. Buddhists also believe the path to nirvana is through following the Eightfold Path and eliminating desire, while Hindus seek to achieve moksha through obeying their dharma and accumulating good karma over multiple lifetimes. The caste system also influences Hindu beliefs and duties but Buddhism rejects the caste system.
Hinduism and buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism both believe in reincarnation and karma. However, Hinduism is polytheistic and believes in gods like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, while Buddhism does not believe in gods. Buddhists also believe the path to nirvana is through following the Eightfold Path and eliminating desire, while Hindus seek to achieve moksha through obeying their dharma and accumulating good karma over multiple lifetimes. The caste system also influences Hindu beliefs and duties but Buddhism rejects the caste system.
What is SPECIAL ABOUT SANATANA DHARMA.pptx
Spiritual;
Social;
Hinduism;
Know Hinduism;
What is Hinduism?;
Sanatana Dharma;
Why sanatana Dharma?;
What is special in Sanatana Dharma?;
Special @ Sanatana Dharma;
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Why adopt Sanatana Dharma? ;
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Philosophy of life;
What is SPECIAL ABOUT SANATANA DHARMA.pptx
Spiritual answers;
Yogeshwar;
Yoga;
Sanatana Dharma;
Why sanatana??
Know- Sanatana
Freedom in Sanatana dharma
unique features-sanatana ; dharma;
What are the special features of Sanatana Dharma? Why should one adopt sanatana dharma?
The human person as an embodied spirit
The document discusses several key topics:
1. It provides an overview of Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path that lead to the cessation of suffering through enlightenment or Nirvana.
2. It examines perspectives on the biblical God and humanity from Augustine and Aquinas, emphasizing that faith supplements reason and humans need God to avoid failure or going astray.
3. It clarifies common misconceptions about Nirvana in Buddhism, stating it is a state of perfect insight and freedom from attachment, not inactivity or indifference to the world.
Spirituality and religion
this presentation shares the detail about spirituality and religion, spirituality and religion in management,spirituality and religion in personal life , difference between spirituality and religion
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THE CONCEPT OF KARMA ( INTRO TO PHILO)
- 1. Do you believe in KARMA? Prepared by: Melody G. Genese –SHS
- 3. is the Hindu view of causality in which good deeds, words, thoughts, and commands lead to beneficial effects for a person, and bad deeds, words, thoughts, and commands lead to harmful effects.
- 4. These effects are not necessarily immediate but can be visited upon a soul in future lives through reincarnation; additionally, good or bad fortune experienced in life may be the result of good or bad actions performed in a past life.
- 5. Actions and consequences are not the major concern though. It is the moral reason for the action. The law of karma is about moral intentions.
- 6. Karma is a core concept in the Indian religions, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, although their specific views on karma vary. In Hinduism, karma is the force of retributive justice that compels believers to behave righteously according to Dharma—the moral order of the universe.
- 7. is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.
- 8. It is also called rebirth or transmigration, and is a part of the Saṃsāra doctrine of cyclic existence
- 10. Karma is attached to the idea of reincarnation. There is an ongoing cycle of birth and death, conditioned by karma, linking an individual to past and future existence.
- 11. In reincarnation, the spirit or soul survives death and is reborn into a new body, human or nonhuman. Individuals can be reborn as animals, human beings or insects depending upon the depletion of evil karmas and maturing of good karmas.
- 12. ACTIVITY: 1.Rightness means pleasing God, can you give examples of doing “right” action. 2. How do you show love towards others? Friends?Family?People in Need?