The color of the RBCs cytoplasm is () and it has a biconcave shap.pdf
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The color of the RBC\'s cytoplasm is (?) and it has a biconcave shape because of the lack of a (?). One of its functions, is to (?)(?). (?) = fill in the blank Solution The color of the RBC\'s cytoplasm is Red colour The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells t has a biconcave shape because of the lack of a nucleus. biconcave shape gives them a vastly greater surface area than a spherical cell of similar volume, which allows them to absorb oxygen more efficiently. Red blood cells achieve this shape by losing their nucleus and many other organelles during development. One of its functions, is to transport of O2.
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Mass-spring problem. A mass is suspended from a spring. The mass is p.pdf
Mass-spring problem. A mass is suspended from a spring. The mass is pulled down 10cm and
released. The mass is observed to oscillate with a period of pi/6 per sec. Write the displacement
formula d = Acos(wt) cm at time t seconds.
Solution
Amplitude = 10cm
f = pi/6
angular frequency = 2pi*f = 2pi*(pi/6) = pi^2/3
Displacement x = Asin(wt) = 10sin(pi^2*t/3).
List three ways the epinephrine signaling pathway, phosphoinositide .pdf
List three ways the epinephrine signaling pathway, phosphoinositide pathway, insulin signaling
pathway, and EGF signaling pathway are SIMILIAR
NO ESSAY JUST THE EXAMPLES
Solution
1.They share many downstream components.
For example, EGF can evoke metabolic responses, e.g., GLUT4 translocation whereas insulin
can be mitogenic, especially in cancer cells.
EGFR and IR activate same key signal transducers, although either receptor can stimulate both
the Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, the major routes of activation are different.
2. Receptors are membrane bound in all these signalling pathways.
3.They have a ligand-binding site on the cytosolic side of the membrane..
Let K be a (p, q)-torus knot sitting on a torus that is the boundary .pdf
Let K be a (p, q)-torus knot sitting on a torus that is the boundary of a solid torus. Let J be the
core curve at the center of the solid torus. Determine the linking number of J and K. What if K
sits on the torus as a (q, p)-torus knot?
Solution
Ans-
Bernd Krauskopf, both of whom were math professors at the University of Bristol in the UK at
the time, used crochet to illustrate the twisted-ribbon structure of the Lorenz manifold. This is a
complicated surface that arises from the equations in a paper about chaotic weather systems,
published in 1963, by meteorologist Edward Lorenz and widely considered to be the start of
chaos theory. Osinga and Krauskopf’s original 25,510-stitch model of a Lorenz manifold gives
insight, they write, “into how chaos arises and is organised in systems as diverse as chemical
reactions, biological networks and even your kitchen blender.”
3. CYCLIC GROUPS
You can knit a tube with knitting needles. Or you can knit a tube with a little handheld device
called a Knitting Nancy. This doohickey looks something like a wooden spool with a hole drilled
through its center, with some pegs stuck in the top of it. When Ken Levasseur, chair of the math
department at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, wanted to demonstrate the patterns that
could emerge in a cyclic group—that is, a system of movement that’s generated by one element,
then follows a prescribed path back to the starting point and repeats—he hit on the idea of using
a computer-generated Knitting Nancy, with varying numbers of pegs. “Most people seem to
agree that the patterns look nice,” says Levasseur. But the patterns also illustrate applications of
cyclic groups that are used, for example, in the RSA encryption system that forms the basis of
much online security..
In your own words, explain why shift registers are required to inter.pdf
In your own words, explain why shift registers are required to interface between a computer and
a serial bus.
Solution
The Shift Register is a type of sequential logic circuit that can be used for transfer of data in the
form of binary numbers.
why shift registers are required to interface between a computer and a serial bus?
Serial communication is basically a process of sending one bit of data at a time, sequentially,
over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication,
where several bits are sent as a whole, with several parallel channels.
Shift Registers are used for data storage or for the movement of data and are therefore commonly
used inside computers to store data such as two binary numbers before they are added together,
or to convert the data from either a serial to parallel or parallel to serial format or we can say that
we require an interface between a computer and a serial bus so that are shiftregisters..
In one or two paragraphs, explain the difference between a suspensio.pdf
In one or two paragraphs, explain the difference between a suspension cell line and an adherent
cell line. (5 points)
Solution
1) adherent cell line is suitable for all type of cells, but suspension cell culture will be suitable for
only few cells.
2) in adherent cell line inspection of cell growth is easy under microscope, but it is difficult to
observe growth in suspension cell culture.
3) regular pass aging should be done, no need for regular passage
4) growth rate depends on area provided in adherent cell culture, but in suspension cell line
growth rate depends on cell concentration in the medium.
5) diffusion can be done enzymatically n adherent cell line , no need of this in suspension cell
culture.
How did Charles Lyells ideas contribute to Charles Darwins think.pdf
How did Charles Lyell\'s ideas contribute to Charles Darwin\'s thinking about evolution?
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that species from neighboring areas can replace species
in areas wiped out by catastrophic events such as floods.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that organisms change over time because genetic
mutations accumulate in them.
Lyell encouraged Darwin to read Wallace\'s ideas about natural selection.A)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that species from neighboring areas can replace species
in areas wiped out by catastrophic events such as floods.B)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.C)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that organisms change over time because genetic
mutations accumulate in them.D)
Lyell encouraged Darwin to read Wallace\'s ideas about natural selection.
Solution
(B)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
According to Lyell, the geological processes acting in the past were much the same as those we
see today — forces such as sedimentation in rivers, erosion by wind, or deposition of ash and
lava by volcanic eruptions. Darwin was profoundly influenced by Lyell\'s Principles.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
According to Lyell, the geological processes acting in the past were much the same as those we
see today — forces such as sedimentation in rivers, erosion by wind, or deposition of ash and
lava by volcanic eruptions. Darwin was profoundly influenced by Lyell\'s Principles..
Heating and cooling loads very with ____________.List three method.pdf
Heating and cooling loads very with ____________.
List three methods that air systems vary to control heating and cooling.
Define an HVAC zone.
Is a single thermostat typically used to control the temperature in large complex buildings?
Define Control.
Define Automation.
List six properties controlled to maintain HVAC.
List four control systems.
Define Thermostat.
Define Humidistat.
Define controllers.
Define actuator.
Define control valves.
What is the purpose of freezestats and firestats?
What is perimeter heat?
During cold weather operations why would large buildings need both perimeter heat and air
conditioning?
Where would one be most likely to find a constant-temperature, variable volume with on-off
control heating and cooling system?
Where would one be most likely to fine a single-zone constant air volume system and why?
Where would one prefer to use a single zone reheat system and what is the system draw back?
What does the abbreviation VAV stand for?
What is multi-zone VAV?
How do radiant floor systems work?
What makes up a packaged terminal units?
List two examples of a packaged terminal air conditioner.
Which is more efficient an air cooled heat pump system or a water source heat pump system?
Solution
1) Radiation
2) a)connect a humidistat to an electric heater (b)use the waste heat from the refrigeration cycle
itself (c) Heat pipe heat exchangers or run-around coils perform a similar function
3) A zone is particularly that area of the building that is continuously subjected to variation in
thermal load.
4) Yes
5) In simplest term, the control is defined as the starting, stopping or regulation of heating,
ventilating,
and air conditioning system.
6) Automation is the automatic centralized control of a building\'s heating, ventilation and air
conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building management system or building
automation system (BAS).
7) Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation, Pressure, Clean Air, Hazardous Effluent
8) Direct Acting Systems, Electric / Electronic Systems, Pneumatic Systems, Microprocessor
Systems
9)Thermostat is a device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when
the temperature reaches a certain point.
10) Humidistat is a machine or device that automatically regulates the humidity of the air in a
room or building
11)Controllers are the devices that control the parameters in HVAC.
12) An actuator is a component of machines that is responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system. An actuator requires a control signal and source of energy.
13) ontrol valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and
liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received from
controllers that compare a \"setpoint\" to a \"process variable\" whose value is provided by
sensors that monitor changes in such conditions
14) A freeze stat is a temperature sensing device for HVAC that monitors a heat exchanger to
preve.
Gather information about the latest developments in IIOP and CSI.pdf
Gather information about the latest developments in IIOP and CSI?
Solution
IIOP has been associated with RMI ie Remote Method Invocatioon.It has been developed jointly
by IBM and Sun that combines RMI\'s easy programming features with CORBA\'s
interoperability. This was newly relaesed in june .It was also made freely available from Sun\'s
Web site The Sun reference implementation runs on Windows 9x/NT and Solaris. It is a standard
extension that supports both JDK 1.1.6 and the Java 2 Platform.
CSI is giving 15% discount on life membership till 30th Nov 2016.It is also holding of a student
\"hackathon\" as part of the student convention of the golden jubilee celebrations..
Recommended
Mass-spring problem. A mass is suspended from a spring. The mass is p.pdf
Mass-spring problem. A mass is suspended from a spring. The mass is pulled down 10cm and
released. The mass is observed to oscillate with a period of pi/6 per sec. Write the displacement
formula d = Acos(wt) cm at time t seconds.
Solution
Amplitude = 10cm
f = pi/6
angular frequency = 2pi*f = 2pi*(pi/6) = pi^2/3
Displacement x = Asin(wt) = 10sin(pi^2*t/3).
List three ways the epinephrine signaling pathway, phosphoinositide .pdf
List three ways the epinephrine signaling pathway, phosphoinositide pathway, insulin signaling
pathway, and EGF signaling pathway are SIMILIAR
NO ESSAY JUST THE EXAMPLES
Solution
1.They share many downstream components.
For example, EGF can evoke metabolic responses, e.g., GLUT4 translocation whereas insulin
can be mitogenic, especially in cancer cells.
EGFR and IR activate same key signal transducers, although either receptor can stimulate both
the Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, the major routes of activation are different.
2. Receptors are membrane bound in all these signalling pathways.
3.They have a ligand-binding site on the cytosolic side of the membrane..
Let K be a (p, q)-torus knot sitting on a torus that is the boundary .pdf
Let K be a (p, q)-torus knot sitting on a torus that is the boundary of a solid torus. Let J be the
core curve at the center of the solid torus. Determine the linking number of J and K. What if K
sits on the torus as a (q, p)-torus knot?
Solution
Ans-
Bernd Krauskopf, both of whom were math professors at the University of Bristol in the UK at
the time, used crochet to illustrate the twisted-ribbon structure of the Lorenz manifold. This is a
complicated surface that arises from the equations in a paper about chaotic weather systems,
published in 1963, by meteorologist Edward Lorenz and widely considered to be the start of
chaos theory. Osinga and Krauskopf’s original 25,510-stitch model of a Lorenz manifold gives
insight, they write, “into how chaos arises and is organised in systems as diverse as chemical
reactions, biological networks and even your kitchen blender.”
3. CYCLIC GROUPS
You can knit a tube with knitting needles. Or you can knit a tube with a little handheld device
called a Knitting Nancy. This doohickey looks something like a wooden spool with a hole drilled
through its center, with some pegs stuck in the top of it. When Ken Levasseur, chair of the math
department at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, wanted to demonstrate the patterns that
could emerge in a cyclic group—that is, a system of movement that’s generated by one element,
then follows a prescribed path back to the starting point and repeats—he hit on the idea of using
a computer-generated Knitting Nancy, with varying numbers of pegs. “Most people seem to
agree that the patterns look nice,” says Levasseur. But the patterns also illustrate applications of
cyclic groups that are used, for example, in the RSA encryption system that forms the basis of
much online security..
In your own words, explain why shift registers are required to inter.pdf
In your own words, explain why shift registers are required to interface between a computer and
a serial bus.
Solution
The Shift Register is a type of sequential logic circuit that can be used for transfer of data in the
form of binary numbers.
why shift registers are required to interface between a computer and a serial bus?
Serial communication is basically a process of sending one bit of data at a time, sequentially,
over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication,
where several bits are sent as a whole, with several parallel channels.
Shift Registers are used for data storage or for the movement of data and are therefore commonly
used inside computers to store data such as two binary numbers before they are added together,
or to convert the data from either a serial to parallel or parallel to serial format or we can say that
we require an interface between a computer and a serial bus so that are shiftregisters..
In one or two paragraphs, explain the difference between a suspensio.pdf
In one or two paragraphs, explain the difference between a suspension cell line and an adherent
cell line. (5 points)
Solution
1) adherent cell line is suitable for all type of cells, but suspension cell culture will be suitable for
only few cells.
2) in adherent cell line inspection of cell growth is easy under microscope, but it is difficult to
observe growth in suspension cell culture.
3) regular pass aging should be done, no need for regular passage
4) growth rate depends on area provided in adherent cell culture, but in suspension cell line
growth rate depends on cell concentration in the medium.
5) diffusion can be done enzymatically n adherent cell line , no need of this in suspension cell
culture.
How did Charles Lyells ideas contribute to Charles Darwins think.pdf
How did Charles Lyell\'s ideas contribute to Charles Darwin\'s thinking about evolution?
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that species from neighboring areas can replace species
in areas wiped out by catastrophic events such as floods.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that organisms change over time because genetic
mutations accumulate in them.
Lyell encouraged Darwin to read Wallace\'s ideas about natural selection.A)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that species from neighboring areas can replace species
in areas wiped out by catastrophic events such as floods.B)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.C)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that organisms change over time because genetic
mutations accumulate in them.D)
Lyell encouraged Darwin to read Wallace\'s ideas about natural selection.
Solution
(B)
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
According to Lyell, the geological processes acting in the past were much the same as those we
see today — forces such as sedimentation in rivers, erosion by wind, or deposition of ash and
lava by volcanic eruptions. Darwin was profoundly influenced by Lyell\'s Principles.
Darwin was influenced by Lyell\'s idea that gradual changes in geological features have been
occurring in the same way from prehistory to the present.
According to Lyell, the geological processes acting in the past were much the same as those we
see today — forces such as sedimentation in rivers, erosion by wind, or deposition of ash and
lava by volcanic eruptions. Darwin was profoundly influenced by Lyell\'s Principles..
Heating and cooling loads very with ____________.List three method.pdf
Heating and cooling loads very with ____________.
List three methods that air systems vary to control heating and cooling.
Define an HVAC zone.
Is a single thermostat typically used to control the temperature in large complex buildings?
Define Control.
Define Automation.
List six properties controlled to maintain HVAC.
List four control systems.
Define Thermostat.
Define Humidistat.
Define controllers.
Define actuator.
Define control valves.
What is the purpose of freezestats and firestats?
What is perimeter heat?
During cold weather operations why would large buildings need both perimeter heat and air
conditioning?
Where would one be most likely to find a constant-temperature, variable volume with on-off
control heating and cooling system?
Where would one be most likely to fine a single-zone constant air volume system and why?
Where would one prefer to use a single zone reheat system and what is the system draw back?
What does the abbreviation VAV stand for?
What is multi-zone VAV?
How do radiant floor systems work?
What makes up a packaged terminal units?
List two examples of a packaged terminal air conditioner.
Which is more efficient an air cooled heat pump system or a water source heat pump system?
Solution
1) Radiation
2) a)connect a humidistat to an electric heater (b)use the waste heat from the refrigeration cycle
itself (c) Heat pipe heat exchangers or run-around coils perform a similar function
3) A zone is particularly that area of the building that is continuously subjected to variation in
thermal load.
4) Yes
5) In simplest term, the control is defined as the starting, stopping or regulation of heating,
ventilating,
and air conditioning system.
6) Automation is the automatic centralized control of a building\'s heating, ventilation and air
conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building management system or building
automation system (BAS).
7) Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation, Pressure, Clean Air, Hazardous Effluent
8) Direct Acting Systems, Electric / Electronic Systems, Pneumatic Systems, Microprocessor
Systems
9)Thermostat is a device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when
the temperature reaches a certain point.
10) Humidistat is a machine or device that automatically regulates the humidity of the air in a
room or building
11)Controllers are the devices that control the parameters in HVAC.
12) An actuator is a component of machines that is responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system. An actuator requires a control signal and source of energy.
13) ontrol valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and
liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received from
controllers that compare a \"setpoint\" to a \"process variable\" whose value is provided by
sensors that monitor changes in such conditions
14) A freeze stat is a temperature sensing device for HVAC that monitors a heat exchanger to
preve.
Gather information about the latest developments in IIOP and CSI.pdf
Gather information about the latest developments in IIOP and CSI?
Solution
IIOP has been associated with RMI ie Remote Method Invocatioon.It has been developed jointly
by IBM and Sun that combines RMI\'s easy programming features with CORBA\'s
interoperability. This was newly relaesed in june .It was also made freely available from Sun\'s
Web site The Sun reference implementation runs on Windows 9x/NT and Solaris. It is a standard
extension that supports both JDK 1.1.6 and the Java 2 Platform.
CSI is giving 15% discount on life membership till 30th Nov 2016.It is also holding of a student
\"hackathon\" as part of the student convention of the golden jubilee celebrations..
Explain microscope in simplest termsDefinition and significance of.pdf
Explain microscope in simplest terms
Definition and significance of contrast, absorption, refraction, and scattering to light microscopy
I know what contrast is, but what is the significance of absorption, refraction, and scattering of
the light to a light microscope? When do all of these come in to play
Solution
Microscope-
Microscope is optical instrument, in which light makes image clear to see microorganism, plant
and animal cell etc.
Significance of absorbance, scattering and reflection in microscope-
In light microscopy abortion play the role to see the object in term to see the colour when visible
light (VIBGYOR) put on to object the all waves are absorbed but a particular wave length is
reflect by this wave we can see the colour of the object. For example the leaf of the plant look
green because all wave are absorbed but green wave length is reflect.
In scattering of light microscope the light is scattered by rough or rigid area of the object, from
this we obtain size and shape of the object.
When put the visible light on object it absorbed, scattered and reflect by ht object at a time by
absorbance and reflection we see the colour and by scattering see the shape and size of the object.
Find the conditional probability of the indicated event when two fai.pdf
Find the conditional probability of the indicated event when two fair dice (one red and one
green) are rolled. HINT [See Example 1.] The red one is 5, given that the sum is 11.
Solution
There are only 2 ways to produce a sum of 11, that is:
{R = 5, G = 6} or {R = 6, G = 5}
Thus,
As one of these results have R = 5 (red one is 5), then
P(red is 5|sum is 11) = 1/2 or 0.5 [ANSWER].
eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cellSolutionProkaryotic cells a.pdf
eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cell
Solution
Prokaryotic cells are devoid of an organized membrane bound nucleus and different cell
organelles.
Incontrast a Eucaryotic cells have an organized membrane bound nucleus and different cell
organelles.
Based on this information:
The images 1, 2 and 3 are of Eucaryotic cells
While the image 4 which is having no membranous organelles inside the cell is of procaryotic
cell.
Describe how to make 10ml of a 125 dilution from a 1 times 10^12 cel.pdf
Describe how to make 10ml of a 1:25 dilution from a 1 times 10^12 cells/ml stock. What is the
resulting cell concentration?
Solution
= 1/25
Step 1
Take one part stock and add 4 parts water to get 1/5 dilution i.e. 1x 10 12 cells/ml/ 5
= 0.2 1x 10 12 cells/ml
Step 2
Now take one part stock of this cell suspension and add 4 parts water to get 1/5 dilution leading
to 1/25 dilution.
= 0.2 x 10 12 cells/ml/ 5
0.04 xx 10 12 cells/ml the total volume will be 10 ml
b) = 4 x 10 10 cells/ml this is the final cell concentration..
Compare organelles in both plant and animal cells. Identify the stru.pdf
Compare organelles in both plant and animal cells. Identify the structures that are unique to each
type of cell?
HINT: There are ONLY four (4) unique structures for plant cells and ONLY two (2) unique
structures for animal cells.
Solution
Animal cells
Plant cells
1). Do not contain cell wall
Contains cell wall
2). Shape of the cell can be changed
Shape of the cell cannot be changed
3). Lysosomes are present
Lysosomes are rarely observed
4). Small vacuoles are present
One single large vacuole is present
5). Animal cells divide by pinching off the cytoplasm,
The plant cells form cell plate during the division.
6). Tight cell junctions can be formed between the cells.
No tight cell junctions can be formed.
7). Chloroplasts absent
Cloroplasts present
8). Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Animal cells
Plant cells
1). Do not contain cell wall
Contains cell wall
2). Shape of the cell can be changed
Shape of the cell cannot be changed
3). Lysosomes are present
Lysosomes are rarely observed
4). Small vacuoles are present
One single large vacuole is present
5). Animal cells divide by pinching off the cytoplasm,
The plant cells form cell plate during the division.
6). Tight cell junctions can be formed between the cells.
No tight cell junctions can be formed.
7). Chloroplasts absent
Cloroplasts present
8). Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis.
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What .pdf
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What happens when you put
soap in water?
The hydrophobic tails cluster together and exclude water
The hydrophilic heads interact with water
The hydrophobic tails bind to one another
Only A and B are true
A, B, and C are all true
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What happens when you put
soap in water?A.
The hydrophobic tails cluster together and exclude waterB.
The hydrophilic heads interact with waterC.
The hydrophobic tails bind to one anotherD.
Only A and B are trueE.
A, B, and C are all true
Solution
Soap molecules are amphipathic in nature, i.e. they have both polar and non-polar constituents in
them. The polar head, composed of a salt group, is joined to a hydrophobic tail, which is non-
polar. When the soap molecules are placed in water, these molecules orient themselves such that
the polar head group interacts with water, whereas the hydrophobic chains bind to one another,
so as to minimize the contact with water. The hydrophobic chains form a cluster, and this
structure is known as micelles.
Thus, option (E) is correct, because statements A, B, and C are all true..
What are TEs Comment on Are there any distinctive features Why might.pdf
What are TEs? Comment on Are there any distinctive features Why might biologists want to
study what do you know different kinds associated with TEs? What are TES? about transposable
What types of organisms contain these? elements (TEs) in TEs? general? Vague (1); OK (1.5);
Good (3) Vague (1), OK (1.5), Good (3) Vague (1): OK (1.5); Good (3 How might P-elements
have How do P-elements move around Why are Pelements important for entered Drosophila
melanogaster? the genome? Connect your ideas biologists and Drosophila What do you know
What do you know about P-element to the special P-elements used in researchers in particular?
about P-elements structure? How big are the native this lab. What is the connection What do you
know about the Gene in Drosophila? elements? between transposition of mobile Disruption
Project (GDP) in DNA elements and DNA Drosophila? replication? Vague (1): OK (1.5): Good
(3 Vague (1): OK (2): Good (4 Vague (1): OK (2): Good (4
Solution
1.Transposable elements or transposons are defined as the DNA sequence that are able to move
from one location to the other in the genome.They were first discovered by Barbara McClintock
in maize and are also called as the \"jumping genes\".
Transposons are found in almost all organisms starting from bacteria to higher organisms i.e
from prokaryote to eukaryotes and are known to have played a significant role in evolution.
There are two major types of transposons .they are:
Class I transposons and Class II transposons
Class I transposons are called as retrotransposons as they first transcribe the DNA into RNA and
then use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a copy of the DNA from RNA and insert it in
a new location.
Class II operate by \"Cut and Paste\" mechanism and contain DNA that moves directly from
place to place.They are cut at their location and are inserted into a new location.Distinctive
features of transposons;
1.One of the most defining property of a transposon is its mobility.
2.They are diverse in nature some move by DNA intermediates (class I) while some move by
RNA intermediates(ClassII)
3.Due to their ability to rearrangement they play a significant role in evolution.
4.some transposons activate or inactivate the genes depending on their position of
insertion.egEnhancement of oncogeneic activity.
Transposons cause deletions and inversions..
Which myth of motivation is the most important Are there other myth.pdf
Which myth of motivation is the most important? Are there other myths that you can identify?
Solution
The most important myth about motivation is that money is the greatest motivational factor.
Money is not the motivational factor. Employees need job-satisfaction, good working condition,
recognition, etc. for their motivation.
Some of the other myths are shown below-.
What is an interface How is extending a class different from implem.pdf
What is an interface? How is extending a class different from implementing an interface?
Solution
Inteface: Interface is nothing but a class which contains abstract methods and constants only.
Abstract methods are the methods which have declaration but no bosy implementation.
Interfaces can not have constrcutor and can not be instanstiated. By using interface we can
achive multiple inheritance.
Inheritance goes with \"implements\" keyword in interfaces
where as Inheritance goes with \"extends\" keyword in class.
If we implements interface in sub class then we should implement all abstract methds in interface
in sub classses.
interface syntax
public interface interfacename{
public abstract void abstractMethod1();
public abstract void abstractMethod2();
public static final CONSTACT = 1000;
}
Class syntax
public class className{
public void methodA(){
}
public void methodB(){
}
}
Inheritance goes with implements in interface
public class A implements interfaceName{
}
Inheritance goes with extends in class
public class A extends ClassName{
}
Inheritance goes with implements in interface
public class A implements interfaceName{
}.
What is the probability that Bo, Colleen, Jeff, and Rohini win the f.pdf
What is the probability that Bo, Colleen, Jeff, and Rohini win the first, second, third, and fourth
prizes, respectively, in a drawing if 50 people enter a contest and
no one can win more than one prize.
winning more than one prize is allowed.A)
B)
C)
D)
winning more than one prize is allowed.A)
B)
C)
D)
These are both mulitple choice questions
Solution
(a) There are 50.
SAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet o.pdf
SAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of pap In the fruit fly.
Drarephila melanu raster, a spineless (no wing a male that is claret bristles) female ny mated to
(dark eyes) and hairless (no th otypically wild-type F1 f nai progeny were mated to fully
homozygous (mutant) males, and the following progeny (1000 total) were observed, claret,
spineless 18 309 claret, hairless hairless, claret, spineless 140 hairless hairless spineless (a)
Which gene is in the middle? (b) With respect to the three genes mentioned in the problem, what
are the genotypes of the homozygous Parents used in making the wild F1 heteroaygote? (c What
are the map distances between the three genes? (d) What is the coefficient of coincidence?
Solution
Answer:
(1) (a) Spineless = (s + +) [Parental]
Claret hairless = (+ c h) [Parental]
Claret = =(+ c +) [double cross over]
hairless,spineless = (s + h) [double cross over]
Therefore, Parentals = s + + , + c h
and Double crossovers = + c + , s + h
Analysing, we get: s+ s+, +c +c and h+ +h.
h is different, so, h (hairless) is in the middle.
(b) The genotypes of the homozygous parents are = s + + / s + + and + c h / + c h
(c) The map distances have been calculated as under:
(Spineless – hairless) = (Number of recombinants)/1000) * 100
= (32 + 38 + 12 + 18)/(1000) * 100
= (100/1000) * 100 = 10% = 10 map units (mu)
(hairless-claret) = (140 + 130 + 12 + 18)/1000) * 100
= (300/1000) * 100
= 30%
= 30 map units (mu)
(d) Coefficient of coincidence = observed double crossovers/expected double crossovers
So, we need to calculate expected double cross overs:
Expected double cross overs = recombination frequency in region 1 (map units / 100) X
recombination frequency in region 2 (map units / 100)
= .(10/100) * (30/100)
= 0.1 * 0.3
= 0.03
Therefore, Coefficient of coincidence = [(18 + 12)/1000] / 0.03
= (30/1000) / 0.03
= 0.03 / 0.03 = 1.
What is validity What is reliability Discuss the relationship c.pdf
What is validity? What is reliability? Discuss the relationship can a measure be valid, but not
reliable? Reliable but not valid? Explain.
Solution
; The term validity is defined as the accuracy of the interpretations which we can make out from
the test scores
On the other hand Reliability is defined as the the consistency or stability of the test scores
No a measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable.It has to be reliable first in order to be valid .On
the other hand the measure can be reliable but not valid.The measure can be consistent without
any accuracy..
With a VPN ______ a. users are often provided a token that displays .pdf
With a VPN ______ a. users are often provided a token that displays a constantly changing
password c. users can gain wide area network access b. users can gain access to an organization’s
private network d. all of the above
Solution
With a VPN users are frequently provided a token that displays a constantly changing password,
users can gain access to an organization’s private network and users can gain wide area network
access.
Answer: d. all the above.
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNAWhy do sections.pdf
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNA?
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNA?
Solution
This is because of secondry structure of single stranded RNA forming by complemety base
pairing callled hairpin structure which is formed by pairing of 6 to 10 nucleotides which is help
for forming tertiary structure of RNA can prevent the base pairing with DNA..
Which of the following is the basis of genes that perform different b.pdf
Which of the following is the basis of genes that perform different but related functions in
evolutionary related organisms? Conversion of exons into introns Gene duplication and
subsequent mutation Whole genome duplications the presence of a nucleus in prokaryotes
Solution
C) whole-genome duplications
The convergence clarification is implausible for adjacent associated sequences, such as
resemblance but still arrogate similar structures, suppress identical or associated amino acid .
The evolutionary starting point, of such conservation of purpose among orthologs. These
incorporate dissimilar forms of genome rearrangement, genome duplication,.
What are three possible methods that a eukaryote might ultilize to a.pdf
What are three possible methods that a eukaryote might ultilize to allow a single DNA sequence
to code for at least a portion of more than one protein?
Solution
There are more than one way that a specific segment of a DNA, called genes, can encode
multiple protein types
1. Alternative splicing is a process where exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within
a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms
being encoded by a single gene.
2. The secend way to of this is use of alternative initiation or termination codons which allows
two proteins to be generated where one is equivalent to a fragment of the other.
3. the third way of this is Overlapping genes which occur in the relatively simple situation in
which one gene is part of the other. The first half (or second half) of a gene is used independently
to specify a protein that represents the first (or second) half of the protein specified by the full
gene..
What are the consequences of using a single discount rate for all di.pdf
What are the consequences of using a single discount rate for all divisions?
Solution
Using a single discount rate would underestimate the risk of a riskier division leading to its
acceptance. On the other hand the lesser risky ventures could be eliminated on account of a
higher discount rate. In total the firm would become riskier with lower expected NPVs..
The business logic of a Parking Pay Station.Responsibilities.pdf
/** The business logic of a Parking Pay Station.
Responsibilities:
1) Accept payment;
2) Calculate parking time based on payment;
3) Know earning, parking time bought;
4) Issue receipts;
5) Handle buy and cancel events.
This source code is from the book
\"Flexible, Reliable Software:
Using Patterns and Agile Development\"
published 2010 by CRC Press.
Author:
Henrik B Christensen
Department of Computer Science
Aarhus University
Please visit http://www.baerbak.com/ for further information.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
public interface PayStation {
/**
* Insert coin into the pay station and adjust state accordingly.
* @param coinValue is an integer value representing the coin in
* cent. That is, a quarter is coinValue=25, etc.
* @throws IllegalCoinException in case coinValue is not
* a valid coin value
*/
public void addPayment( int coinValue ) throws IllegalCoinException;
/**
* Read the machine\'s display. The display shows a numerical
* description of the amount of parking time accumulated so far
* based on inserted payment.
* @return the number to display on the pay station display
*/
public int readDisplay();
public int readDisplay2();
/**
* Buy parking time. Terminate the ongoing transaction and
* return a parking receipt. A non-null object is always returned.
* @return a valid parking receipt object.
*/
public Receipt buy();
/**
* Cancel the present transaction. Resets the machine for a new
* transaction.
*/
public void cancel();
}
/** Implementation of the pay station.
Responsibilities:
1) Accept payment;
2) Calculate parking time based on payment;
3) Know earning, parking time bought;
4) Issue receipts;
5) Handle buy and cancel events.
This source code is from the book
\"Flexible, Reliable Software:
Using Patterns and Agile Development\"
published 2010 by CRC Press.
Author:
Henrik B Christensen
Department of Computer Science
Aarhus University
Please visit http://www.baerbak.com/ for further information.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
public class PayStationImpl imple.
Refer to Exercise 2.25. The agreement between the percentages for the.pdf
Refer to Exercise 2.25. The agreement between the percentages for the randomized study and
the actual population percentages for various groups of people may allow us to have more
confidence in the main results of the survey, which are the percentages of various HIV-related
risk groups as shown next. a. For the nation as a whole, what percentage of those between the
ages of 18 and 75 are at risk HIV infection? What is the percentage for the high -risk cities?
(Actually, these percentages go much higher if sexual practices for more than the past year are
taken into account.) b. The percentages can be used as estimates of probabilities for anticipating
what might happen in certain situations. For example, if a national firm is to hire 1000 workers
across the country, how many, would they expect to be at risk for HIV infection? What happens
to this expected value if the firm hires all 1000 workers in high -risk cities?
Solution
BY RISK GROUP
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) of all races and ethnicities remain
the population most profoundly affected by HIV.
In 2010, the estimated number of new HIV infections among MSM was 29,800, a significant
12% increase from the 26,700 new infections among MSM in 20082.
Although MSM represent about 4% of the male population in the United States4, in 2010, MSM
accounted for 78% of new HIV infections among males and 63% of all new infections2. MSM
accounted for 54% of all people living with HIV infection in 2011, the most recent year these
data are available1.
In 2010, white MSM continued to account for the largest number of new HIV infections
(11,200), by transmission category, followed closely by black MSM (10,600)2.
The estimated number of new HIV infections was greatest among MSM in the youngest age
group. In 2010, the greatest number of new HIV infections (4,800) among MSM occurred in
young black/African American MSM aged 13.
Question 6Diatoms and Brown Algae are both ______. But are grouped.pdf
Question 6
Diatoms and Brown Algae are both ______. But are grouped in a common clade because of the
similarity of their ______ and this structure’s ____-like projections when present.
Photosynthetic – flagella – hair-
Brown or golden – photosynthetic structures – amoeba-
autotrophic – body forms -- pennate or centric-
Question 7
Amoebozoans include both _________ and __________. The second group was once classified
as __________. But are now placed in this clade because among other characteristics they are
__________ (mechanism of nutrition) like amoeba.
Red algae and Green algae – plants autotrophic
Zygomycota and Ascomycota – fungi -- heterotrophic
Slime Molds and Oomycetes – fungi -- heterotrophic
Amoebae and Slime Molds (mycetozoans) – fungi and animals – phagotrophic.
Question 8
The clade Euglenozoa includes organisms such as Trypanosoma and ________ a common type
of structure for locomotion.
Euglena with a flagellum
Paramecium with cilia
Plankton in fresh water or oceans
The vertebrae hosts of these organisms
Question 9
Table 1 on p. 63 outlines four Supergroups, of which one is the Alveolates. Identify two groups
within the Alveolates and their shared common characteristics.
2. Formaniniferas and Radiolarians with a test shell
1.Ciliates and Dinoflagellates with alveoli sacs below the cell membrane
4. Euglena with flagella for locomotion
3. Red and Brown algae with air sacks for flotation
Question 10
The idea of evolutionary convergence among other ideas is demonstrated in this lab (and others)
by _________
Characteristics of organisms in one clade are shared with organisms in other groups or clades.
The fact that some protist lineages are ancestors of multicellular organisms such as plants and
animals.
Characteristics common to all Protists.
Methods of locomotion and nutritional strategies are unique to protists.1.Heterotrophic – cell
walls – hair-2.
Photosynthetic – flagella – hair-3.
Brown or golden – photosynthetic structures – amoeba-4.
autotrophic – body forms -- pennate or centric-
Solution
Question 6
2. Photosynthetic-flagella-hair
Explanation: These are some of the distinguishable characteristics of thallophyta which include
re, green and brown algae.
Question 7
4. Amoeba and slime molds (mycetozoans)-fungiand animals-phagotrophic
Question 8
1. Euglena with a flagella
Question 9
2. Ciliates and dinoflagellates with alveolar sac below the cell membrane
Question 10
2. The fact that protist lineages are ancestors of multicellular organisms such as plants and
animals
Explanation: Protists vary in body form, nutrition and reproduction, and thus have been
classifief into three main categories- animal like , plant like and fungus like..
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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Explain microscope in simplest terms
Definition and significance of contrast, absorption, refraction, and scattering to light microscopy
I know what contrast is, but what is the significance of absorption, refraction, and scattering of
the light to a light microscope? When do all of these come in to play
Solution
Microscope-
Microscope is optical instrument, in which light makes image clear to see microorganism, plant
and animal cell etc.
Significance of absorbance, scattering and reflection in microscope-
In light microscopy abortion play the role to see the object in term to see the colour when visible
light (VIBGYOR) put on to object the all waves are absorbed but a particular wave length is
reflect by this wave we can see the colour of the object. For example the leaf of the plant look
green because all wave are absorbed but green wave length is reflect.
In scattering of light microscope the light is scattered by rough or rigid area of the object, from
this we obtain size and shape of the object.
When put the visible light on object it absorbed, scattered and reflect by ht object at a time by
absorbance and reflection we see the colour and by scattering see the shape and size of the object.
Find the conditional probability of the indicated event when two fai.pdf
Find the conditional probability of the indicated event when two fair dice (one red and one
green) are rolled. HINT [See Example 1.] The red one is 5, given that the sum is 11.
Solution
There are only 2 ways to produce a sum of 11, that is:
{R = 5, G = 6} or {R = 6, G = 5}
Thus,
As one of these results have R = 5 (red one is 5), then
P(red is 5|sum is 11) = 1/2 or 0.5 [ANSWER].
eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cellSolutionProkaryotic cells a.pdf
eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cell
Solution
Prokaryotic cells are devoid of an organized membrane bound nucleus and different cell
organelles.
Incontrast a Eucaryotic cells have an organized membrane bound nucleus and different cell
organelles.
Based on this information:
The images 1, 2 and 3 are of Eucaryotic cells
While the image 4 which is having no membranous organelles inside the cell is of procaryotic
cell.
Describe how to make 10ml of a 125 dilution from a 1 times 10^12 cel.pdf
Describe how to make 10ml of a 1:25 dilution from a 1 times 10^12 cells/ml stock. What is the
resulting cell concentration?
Solution
= 1/25
Step 1
Take one part stock and add 4 parts water to get 1/5 dilution i.e. 1x 10 12 cells/ml/ 5
= 0.2 1x 10 12 cells/ml
Step 2
Now take one part stock of this cell suspension and add 4 parts water to get 1/5 dilution leading
to 1/25 dilution.
= 0.2 x 10 12 cells/ml/ 5
0.04 xx 10 12 cells/ml the total volume will be 10 ml
b) = 4 x 10 10 cells/ml this is the final cell concentration..
Compare organelles in both plant and animal cells. Identify the stru.pdf
Compare organelles in both plant and animal cells. Identify the structures that are unique to each
type of cell?
HINT: There are ONLY four (4) unique structures for plant cells and ONLY two (2) unique
structures for animal cells.
Solution
Animal cells
Plant cells
1). Do not contain cell wall
Contains cell wall
2). Shape of the cell can be changed
Shape of the cell cannot be changed
3). Lysosomes are present
Lysosomes are rarely observed
4). Small vacuoles are present
One single large vacuole is present
5). Animal cells divide by pinching off the cytoplasm,
The plant cells form cell plate during the division.
6). Tight cell junctions can be formed between the cells.
No tight cell junctions can be formed.
7). Chloroplasts absent
Cloroplasts present
8). Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Animal cells
Plant cells
1). Do not contain cell wall
Contains cell wall
2). Shape of the cell can be changed
Shape of the cell cannot be changed
3). Lysosomes are present
Lysosomes are rarely observed
4). Small vacuoles are present
One single large vacuole is present
5). Animal cells divide by pinching off the cytoplasm,
The plant cells form cell plate during the division.
6). Tight cell junctions can be formed between the cells.
No tight cell junctions can be formed.
7). Chloroplasts absent
Cloroplasts present
8). Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
Can undergo both mitosis and meiosis.
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What .pdf
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What happens when you put
soap in water?
The hydrophobic tails cluster together and exclude water
The hydrophilic heads interact with water
The hydrophobic tails bind to one another
Only A and B are true
A, B, and C are all true
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. What happens when you put
soap in water?A.
The hydrophobic tails cluster together and exclude waterB.
The hydrophilic heads interact with waterC.
The hydrophobic tails bind to one anotherD.
Only A and B are trueE.
A, B, and C are all true
Solution
Soap molecules are amphipathic in nature, i.e. they have both polar and non-polar constituents in
them. The polar head, composed of a salt group, is joined to a hydrophobic tail, which is non-
polar. When the soap molecules are placed in water, these molecules orient themselves such that
the polar head group interacts with water, whereas the hydrophobic chains bind to one another,
so as to minimize the contact with water. The hydrophobic chains form a cluster, and this
structure is known as micelles.
Thus, option (E) is correct, because statements A, B, and C are all true..
What are TEs Comment on Are there any distinctive features Why might.pdf
What are TEs? Comment on Are there any distinctive features Why might biologists want to
study what do you know different kinds associated with TEs? What are TES? about transposable
What types of organisms contain these? elements (TEs) in TEs? general? Vague (1); OK (1.5);
Good (3) Vague (1), OK (1.5), Good (3) Vague (1): OK (1.5); Good (3 How might P-elements
have How do P-elements move around Why are Pelements important for entered Drosophila
melanogaster? the genome? Connect your ideas biologists and Drosophila What do you know
What do you know about P-element to the special P-elements used in researchers in particular?
about P-elements structure? How big are the native this lab. What is the connection What do you
know about the Gene in Drosophila? elements? between transposition of mobile Disruption
Project (GDP) in DNA elements and DNA Drosophila? replication? Vague (1): OK (1.5): Good
(3 Vague (1): OK (2): Good (4 Vague (1): OK (2): Good (4
Solution
1.Transposable elements or transposons are defined as the DNA sequence that are able to move
from one location to the other in the genome.They were first discovered by Barbara McClintock
in maize and are also called as the \"jumping genes\".
Transposons are found in almost all organisms starting from bacteria to higher organisms i.e
from prokaryote to eukaryotes and are known to have played a significant role in evolution.
There are two major types of transposons .they are:
Class I transposons and Class II transposons
Class I transposons are called as retrotransposons as they first transcribe the DNA into RNA and
then use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a copy of the DNA from RNA and insert it in
a new location.
Class II operate by \"Cut and Paste\" mechanism and contain DNA that moves directly from
place to place.They are cut at their location and are inserted into a new location.Distinctive
features of transposons;
1.One of the most defining property of a transposon is its mobility.
2.They are diverse in nature some move by DNA intermediates (class I) while some move by
RNA intermediates(ClassII)
3.Due to their ability to rearrangement they play a significant role in evolution.
4.some transposons activate or inactivate the genes depending on their position of
insertion.egEnhancement of oncogeneic activity.
Transposons cause deletions and inversions..
Which myth of motivation is the most important Are there other myth.pdf
Which myth of motivation is the most important? Are there other myths that you can identify?
Solution
The most important myth about motivation is that money is the greatest motivational factor.
Money is not the motivational factor. Employees need job-satisfaction, good working condition,
recognition, etc. for their motivation.
Some of the other myths are shown below-.
What is an interface How is extending a class different from implem.pdf
What is an interface? How is extending a class different from implementing an interface?
Solution
Inteface: Interface is nothing but a class which contains abstract methods and constants only.
Abstract methods are the methods which have declaration but no bosy implementation.
Interfaces can not have constrcutor and can not be instanstiated. By using interface we can
achive multiple inheritance.
Inheritance goes with \"implements\" keyword in interfaces
where as Inheritance goes with \"extends\" keyword in class.
If we implements interface in sub class then we should implement all abstract methds in interface
in sub classses.
interface syntax
public interface interfacename{
public abstract void abstractMethod1();
public abstract void abstractMethod2();
public static final CONSTACT = 1000;
}
Class syntax
public class className{
public void methodA(){
}
public void methodB(){
}
}
Inheritance goes with implements in interface
public class A implements interfaceName{
}
Inheritance goes with extends in class
public class A extends ClassName{
}
Inheritance goes with implements in interface
public class A implements interfaceName{
}.
What is the probability that Bo, Colleen, Jeff, and Rohini win the f.pdf
What is the probability that Bo, Colleen, Jeff, and Rohini win the first, second, third, and fourth
prizes, respectively, in a drawing if 50 people enter a contest and
no one can win more than one prize.
winning more than one prize is allowed.A)
B)
C)
D)
winning more than one prize is allowed.A)
B)
C)
D)
These are both mulitple choice questions
Solution
(a) There are 50.
SAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet o.pdf
SAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of pap In the fruit fly.
Drarephila melanu raster, a spineless (no wing a male that is claret bristles) female ny mated to
(dark eyes) and hairless (no th otypically wild-type F1 f nai progeny were mated to fully
homozygous (mutant) males, and the following progeny (1000 total) were observed, claret,
spineless 18 309 claret, hairless hairless, claret, spineless 140 hairless hairless spineless (a)
Which gene is in the middle? (b) With respect to the three genes mentioned in the problem, what
are the genotypes of the homozygous Parents used in making the wild F1 heteroaygote? (c What
are the map distances between the three genes? (d) What is the coefficient of coincidence?
Solution
Answer:
(1) (a) Spineless = (s + +) [Parental]
Claret hairless = (+ c h) [Parental]
Claret = =(+ c +) [double cross over]
hairless,spineless = (s + h) [double cross over]
Therefore, Parentals = s + + , + c h
and Double crossovers = + c + , s + h
Analysing, we get: s+ s+, +c +c and h+ +h.
h is different, so, h (hairless) is in the middle.
(b) The genotypes of the homozygous parents are = s + + / s + + and + c h / + c h
(c) The map distances have been calculated as under:
(Spineless – hairless) = (Number of recombinants)/1000) * 100
= (32 + 38 + 12 + 18)/(1000) * 100
= (100/1000) * 100 = 10% = 10 map units (mu)
(hairless-claret) = (140 + 130 + 12 + 18)/1000) * 100
= (300/1000) * 100
= 30%
= 30 map units (mu)
(d) Coefficient of coincidence = observed double crossovers/expected double crossovers
So, we need to calculate expected double cross overs:
Expected double cross overs = recombination frequency in region 1 (map units / 100) X
recombination frequency in region 2 (map units / 100)
= .(10/100) * (30/100)
= 0.1 * 0.3
= 0.03
Therefore, Coefficient of coincidence = [(18 + 12)/1000] / 0.03
= (30/1000) / 0.03
= 0.03 / 0.03 = 1.
What is validity What is reliability Discuss the relationship c.pdf
What is validity? What is reliability? Discuss the relationship can a measure be valid, but not
reliable? Reliable but not valid? Explain.
Solution
; The term validity is defined as the accuracy of the interpretations which we can make out from
the test scores
On the other hand Reliability is defined as the the consistency or stability of the test scores
No a measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable.It has to be reliable first in order to be valid .On
the other hand the measure can be reliable but not valid.The measure can be consistent without
any accuracy..
With a VPN ______ a. users are often provided a token that displays .pdf
With a VPN ______ a. users are often provided a token that displays a constantly changing
password c. users can gain wide area network access b. users can gain access to an organization’s
private network d. all of the above
Solution
With a VPN users are frequently provided a token that displays a constantly changing password,
users can gain access to an organization’s private network and users can gain wide area network
access.
Answer: d. all the above.
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNAWhy do sections.pdf
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNA?
Why do sections of DNA do not base pair with RNA?
Solution
This is because of secondry structure of single stranded RNA forming by complemety base
pairing callled hairpin structure which is formed by pairing of 6 to 10 nucleotides which is help
for forming tertiary structure of RNA can prevent the base pairing with DNA..
Which of the following is the basis of genes that perform different b.pdf
Which of the following is the basis of genes that perform different but related functions in
evolutionary related organisms? Conversion of exons into introns Gene duplication and
subsequent mutation Whole genome duplications the presence of a nucleus in prokaryotes
Solution
C) whole-genome duplications
The convergence clarification is implausible for adjacent associated sequences, such as
resemblance but still arrogate similar structures, suppress identical or associated amino acid .
The evolutionary starting point, of such conservation of purpose among orthologs. These
incorporate dissimilar forms of genome rearrangement, genome duplication,.
What are three possible methods that a eukaryote might ultilize to a.pdf
What are three possible methods that a eukaryote might ultilize to allow a single DNA sequence
to code for at least a portion of more than one protein?
Solution
There are more than one way that a specific segment of a DNA, called genes, can encode
multiple protein types
1. Alternative splicing is a process where exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within
a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms
being encoded by a single gene.
2. The secend way to of this is use of alternative initiation or termination codons which allows
two proteins to be generated where one is equivalent to a fragment of the other.
3. the third way of this is Overlapping genes which occur in the relatively simple situation in
which one gene is part of the other. The first half (or second half) of a gene is used independently
to specify a protein that represents the first (or second) half of the protein specified by the full
gene..
What are the consequences of using a single discount rate for all di.pdf
What are the consequences of using a single discount rate for all divisions?
Solution
Using a single discount rate would underestimate the risk of a riskier division leading to its
acceptance. On the other hand the lesser risky ventures could be eliminated on account of a
higher discount rate. In total the firm would become riskier with lower expected NPVs..
The business logic of a Parking Pay Station.Responsibilities.pdf
/** The business logic of a Parking Pay Station.
Responsibilities:
1) Accept payment;
2) Calculate parking time based on payment;
3) Know earning, parking time bought;
4) Issue receipts;
5) Handle buy and cancel events.
This source code is from the book
\"Flexible, Reliable Software:
Using Patterns and Agile Development\"
published 2010 by CRC Press.
Author:
Henrik B Christensen
Department of Computer Science
Aarhus University
Please visit http://www.baerbak.com/ for further information.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
public interface PayStation {
/**
* Insert coin into the pay station and adjust state accordingly.
* @param coinValue is an integer value representing the coin in
* cent. That is, a quarter is coinValue=25, etc.
* @throws IllegalCoinException in case coinValue is not
* a valid coin value
*/
public void addPayment( int coinValue ) throws IllegalCoinException;
/**
* Read the machine\'s display. The display shows a numerical
* description of the amount of parking time accumulated so far
* based on inserted payment.
* @return the number to display on the pay station display
*/
public int readDisplay();
public int readDisplay2();
/**
* Buy parking time. Terminate the ongoing transaction and
* return a parking receipt. A non-null object is always returned.
* @return a valid parking receipt object.
*/
public Receipt buy();
/**
* Cancel the present transaction. Resets the machine for a new
* transaction.
*/
public void cancel();
}
/** Implementation of the pay station.
Responsibilities:
1) Accept payment;
2) Calculate parking time based on payment;
3) Know earning, parking time bought;
4) Issue receipts;
5) Handle buy and cancel events.
This source code is from the book
\"Flexible, Reliable Software:
Using Patterns and Agile Development\"
published 2010 by CRC Press.
Author:
Henrik B Christensen
Department of Computer Science
Aarhus University
Please visit http://www.baerbak.com/ for further information.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
public class PayStationImpl imple.
Refer to Exercise 2.25. The agreement between the percentages for the.pdf
Refer to Exercise 2.25. The agreement between the percentages for the randomized study and
the actual population percentages for various groups of people may allow us to have more
confidence in the main results of the survey, which are the percentages of various HIV-related
risk groups as shown next. a. For the nation as a whole, what percentage of those between the
ages of 18 and 75 are at risk HIV infection? What is the percentage for the high -risk cities?
(Actually, these percentages go much higher if sexual practices for more than the past year are
taken into account.) b. The percentages can be used as estimates of probabilities for anticipating
what might happen in certain situations. For example, if a national firm is to hire 1000 workers
across the country, how many, would they expect to be at risk for HIV infection? What happens
to this expected value if the firm hires all 1000 workers in high -risk cities?
Solution
BY RISK GROUP
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) of all races and ethnicities remain
the population most profoundly affected by HIV.
In 2010, the estimated number of new HIV infections among MSM was 29,800, a significant
12% increase from the 26,700 new infections among MSM in 20082.
Although MSM represent about 4% of the male population in the United States4, in 2010, MSM
accounted for 78% of new HIV infections among males and 63% of all new infections2. MSM
accounted for 54% of all people living with HIV infection in 2011, the most recent year these
data are available1.
In 2010, white MSM continued to account for the largest number of new HIV infections
(11,200), by transmission category, followed closely by black MSM (10,600)2.
The estimated number of new HIV infections was greatest among MSM in the youngest age
group. In 2010, the greatest number of new HIV infections (4,800) among MSM occurred in
young black/African American MSM aged 13.
Question 6Diatoms and Brown Algae are both ______. But are grouped.pdf
Question 6
Diatoms and Brown Algae are both ______. But are grouped in a common clade because of the
similarity of their ______ and this structure’s ____-like projections when present.
Photosynthetic – flagella – hair-
Brown or golden – photosynthetic structures – amoeba-
autotrophic – body forms -- pennate or centric-
Question 7
Amoebozoans include both _________ and __________. The second group was once classified
as __________. But are now placed in this clade because among other characteristics they are
__________ (mechanism of nutrition) like amoeba.
Red algae and Green algae – plants autotrophic
Zygomycota and Ascomycota – fungi -- heterotrophic
Slime Molds and Oomycetes – fungi -- heterotrophic
Amoebae and Slime Molds (mycetozoans) – fungi and animals – phagotrophic.
Question 8
The clade Euglenozoa includes organisms such as Trypanosoma and ________ a common type
of structure for locomotion.
Euglena with a flagellum
Paramecium with cilia
Plankton in fresh water or oceans
The vertebrae hosts of these organisms
Question 9
Table 1 on p. 63 outlines four Supergroups, of which one is the Alveolates. Identify two groups
within the Alveolates and their shared common characteristics.
2. Formaniniferas and Radiolarians with a test shell
1.Ciliates and Dinoflagellates with alveoli sacs below the cell membrane
4. Euglena with flagella for locomotion
3. Red and Brown algae with air sacks for flotation
Question 10
The idea of evolutionary convergence among other ideas is demonstrated in this lab (and others)
by _________
Characteristics of organisms in one clade are shared with organisms in other groups or clades.
The fact that some protist lineages are ancestors of multicellular organisms such as plants and
animals.
Characteristics common to all Protists.
Methods of locomotion and nutritional strategies are unique to protists.1.Heterotrophic – cell
walls – hair-2.
Photosynthetic – flagella – hair-3.
Brown or golden – photosynthetic structures – amoeba-4.
autotrophic – body forms -- pennate or centric-
Solution
Question 6
2. Photosynthetic-flagella-hair
Explanation: These are some of the distinguishable characteristics of thallophyta which include
re, green and brown algae.
Question 7
4. Amoeba and slime molds (mycetozoans)-fungiand animals-phagotrophic
Question 8
1. Euglena with a flagella
Question 9
2. Ciliates and dinoflagellates with alveolar sac below the cell membrane
Question 10
2. The fact that protist lineages are ancestors of multicellular organisms such as plants and
animals
Explanation: Protists vary in body form, nutrition and reproduction, and thus have been
classifief into three main categories- animal like , plant like and fungus like..
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