The best and the worst
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The document contrasts examples of the best and worst international engagement and national leadership in fragile or failed states. The worst examples include Afghanistan, Haiti, Kosovo, Pakistan, Sudan, and Somalia, which experienced thousands of fragmented projects, parallel bureaucracies, wage disparities, and a lack of accountability. The best examples include Singapore, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, the US, Chile, Peru, and Gulf countries, which saw successful economic transformations through leadership, national accountability systems, education investment, job creation, and financing reforms. The document advocates applying lessons from successful cases, like accountability systems and national programs, to challenging contexts.
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