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WE MAY COME ACROSS MANY RESEARCH PAPERS, HOWEVER IN FUTURE WHEN WE ARE PRESENTING OUR DOCTORATE VIVA PRESENTATION, WE SHOULD HAVE A BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON IT. HAVE A GLANCE FOR YOUR REFERENCE
Propolis with its active component CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester) stops breast cancer cell growth. These results of CAPE are present in the naturopathic formulation
of propolis, a widely available natural substance with an extended safety record, making it a naturally-occurring and readily available epigenetic agent with great potential in breast cancer and oncology in general. The ability to link the biological effects of a naturopathic remedy to the pharmacologic effects seen with an exciting class of drugs in the treatment of cancer opens the door to a host of new therapeutic opportunities for patients.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for FoodJohn Blue
Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for Food - Dr. Richard Raymond, Consultant, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Efficiency of cape gooseberry in attenuating some biochemical disorders and o...Professor-Dr Hanaa Hassan
In conclusion, the present data indicated the efficacy of CG juice supplementation as an
anti-hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to its ability as a chemosensitizer for ADR treatment. This is
mediated by intracellular pathways, involving improvement the alterations in liver functions as well as
other aspects of HCC, the suppression of oxidative stress and modulation of antioxidant defense
mechanism. Thus, supplementation with edible CG may help in safe application of cancer technology
in medicine as well as in many other aspects of nowadays life. Fractionation guided evaluation could
help in the development of ideal anticancer in the near future.
Propolis with its active component CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester) stops breast cancer cell growth. These results of CAPE are present in the naturopathic formulation
of propolis, a widely available natural substance with an extended safety record, making it a naturally-occurring and readily available epigenetic agent with great potential in breast cancer and oncology in general. The ability to link the biological effects of a naturopathic remedy to the pharmacologic effects seen with an exciting class of drugs in the treatment of cancer opens the door to a host of new therapeutic opportunities for patients.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for FoodJohn Blue
Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for Food - Dr. Richard Raymond, Consultant, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Efficiency of cape gooseberry in attenuating some biochemical disorders and o...Professor-Dr Hanaa Hassan
In conclusion, the present data indicated the efficacy of CG juice supplementation as an
anti-hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to its ability as a chemosensitizer for ADR treatment. This is
mediated by intracellular pathways, involving improvement the alterations in liver functions as well as
other aspects of HCC, the suppression of oxidative stress and modulation of antioxidant defense
mechanism. Thus, supplementation with edible CG may help in safe application of cancer technology
in medicine as well as in many other aspects of nowadays life. Fractionation guided evaluation could
help in the development of ideal anticancer in the near future.
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in aggress...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may regulate tumor epithelial-stromal interactions that facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, but limited studies to date have described CXCL1 protein expression in human bladder cancer (BCa) tissues.
Structurally characterized arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus as a...Cây thuốc Việt
In this study, the innate immuno-modulatory effects and anti-cancer action of arabinogalactan (AG), a derivative of a well-known orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus, were investigated. The innate immunomodulatory effects of AG were determined in vitro using RAW 264.7 cells for microarray analysis, and in vivo using BALB/c mice administrated with AG at 5 and 15 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks. The anti-cancer activity of AG was evaluated by CT26 colon cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. The microarray
analysis was performed to evaluate the innate immunity and demonstrated that AG significantly induced the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory receptors, such as IL-1, CXCL2, and CD69.
An intraperitoneal injection of AG in mice increased the spleen weight, but not the body weight. The treatment of mitogen, LPS significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation in AG treated groups. The AG treatment also promoted splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells and increased the percentage
of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in innate immunity test. Our experiments revealed that AG significantly decreased both tumour size and tumour weight. Besides, AG increased the percentage of DC, CD3+CD8+ T cells, CD49b+CD3− NK cells among splenocytes, and cytotoxicity activity in tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of the tumour demonstrated that the AG treatments increased the tumour-filtrating NK and cytotoxic T-cell. These results demonstrated that AG, a polysaccharide derived
from a plant source, has potent innate immuno-modulatory and anti-cancer activity. AG may therefore be used for cancer immunotherapy.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to Late-Lactating Working Elephants in Myanmar by Ellen S Dierenfeld in Food science journal
Dr. Milo Wiltbank presented this for a DAIReXNET webinar on Wednesday, March 2, 2016. The full presentation recording can be found at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jerry McLaughlin about his research into extracts of pawpaw plants, annonaceous acetogenins, in vitro, in vivo, mechanism of action, and toxicity in mice.
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in aggress...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may regulate tumor epithelial-stromal interactions that facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, but limited studies to date have described CXCL1 protein expression in human bladder cancer (BCa) tissues.
Structurally characterized arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus as a...Cây thuốc Việt
In this study, the innate immuno-modulatory effects and anti-cancer action of arabinogalactan (AG), a derivative of a well-known orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus, were investigated. The innate immunomodulatory effects of AG were determined in vitro using RAW 264.7 cells for microarray analysis, and in vivo using BALB/c mice administrated with AG at 5 and 15 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks. The anti-cancer activity of AG was evaluated by CT26 colon cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. The microarray
analysis was performed to evaluate the innate immunity and demonstrated that AG significantly induced the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory receptors, such as IL-1, CXCL2, and CD69.
An intraperitoneal injection of AG in mice increased the spleen weight, but not the body weight. The treatment of mitogen, LPS significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation in AG treated groups. The AG treatment also promoted splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells and increased the percentage
of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in innate immunity test. Our experiments revealed that AG significantly decreased both tumour size and tumour weight. Besides, AG increased the percentage of DC, CD3+CD8+ T cells, CD49b+CD3− NK cells among splenocytes, and cytotoxicity activity in tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of the tumour demonstrated that the AG treatments increased the tumour-filtrating NK and cytotoxic T-cell. These results demonstrated that AG, a polysaccharide derived
from a plant source, has potent innate immuno-modulatory and anti-cancer activity. AG may therefore be used for cancer immunotherapy.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to Late-Lactating Working Elephants in Myanmar by Ellen S Dierenfeld in Food science journal
Dr. Milo Wiltbank presented this for a DAIReXNET webinar on Wednesday, March 2, 2016. The full presentation recording can be found at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jerry McLaughlin about his research into extracts of pawpaw plants, annonaceous acetogenins, in vitro, in vivo, mechanism of action, and toxicity in mice.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The Effects of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract on the Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tet...IOSR Journals
Rauwolfia vomitoria is a natural medicinal plant which has been used over the years for the treatment of various ailments. The effects of extract of rauwolfia vomitoria on liver enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were observed in adult wistar rats weighing between 120g and 190g. They were divided into four groups A,B, C and D of six rats each. Group A served as the control and received 0.41ml of distilled water. The experimental groups B, C and D received different doses of drugs as follows : group B received 0.50ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract, group C received 0.5ml of carbon tetrachloride and group D received 0.41ml of carbon tetrachloride + 0.4ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract. The drugs were administered once in a day using intubation method for a period of twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anaesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected . liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and Serum samples were separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using randox kit method. The relative liver weight for carbon tetrachloride treated group were significantly higher (p<0.001)><0.001) than the control. The extract exhibited a liver protective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
Tumour Markers are substances present in the tumour, produced by the tumour or by the host as a response to the presence of the tumour, providing information about biological characteristics of the tumour. these tumour markers may specific for the tissue but often get elevated in neoplastic as well non-neoplastic lesions, further Various analytical platforms available for serum tumour markers lack standardisation. These factors add to interpretative challenges in serum tumour markers
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
Yuliya I. Petrova, Barry M. Gumbiner. Role of E-cadherin cell surface activat...Yuliya I. Petrova, PhD
E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor protein and the loss of E-cadherin expression promotes tumor progression and metastasis. However, in many cases cells of epithelial tumors and metastases still express E-cadherin. We have found that E-cadherin exists in different activity states at the cell surface, and we hypothesize loss of cadherin activity regulation, rather than expression, may promote cancer progression.
To study whether adhesion activation can inhibit metastasis, we tested the effects of mAbs that activate E-cadherin at the cell surface. Animals with orthotopic tumors formed by 4T1 cells expressing human E-cadherin were injected either with adhesion-activating mAb or neutral nonactivating E-cadherin-specific mAb. We found that activating Ab treatment significantly reduced the number of 4T1 mammary tumor cells that metastasized to lung after 4 weeks.
We also asked whether naturally occurring missense mutations in the E-cadherin ectodomain known to promote hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) in humans specifically affect the regulation of adhesive activity at the cell surface. To examine basic adhesive function several HDGC E-cadherin mutants were expressed in cadherin-free CHO cells. We observed that some mutants exhibited normal adhesion strength while others exhibited substantially reduced adhesion strength, although they still had greater adhesion than the totally inactive W2A cadherin mutant. To test whether the mutant E-cadherins can be activated at the cell surface they were expressed in Colo 205 cells after depletion of endogenous E-cadherin via shRNA. All mutants tested so far showed impaired activation upon outside and/or inside initiation (activating mAb or nocodazole treatment respectively) even though they exhibited basic adhesion functionality in the CHO adhesion assay. One mutant was strongly activated from the outside by the activating mAbs, but could not be activated from the inside by nocodazole or by activating p120-catenin mutations.
These findings show that regulation of E-cadherin activity on cell surface is a mechanism that contributes to cancer progression, in addition to the known mechanism of loss of E-cadherin expression
Similar to THE ANTI CANCER EFFECTS OF TUALANG HONEY IN MODULATING BREAST CARCINOGENESIS (20)
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
4. BACKGROUND
Honey has been shown to
have anti-cancer effects,
but the mechanism behind
these effects is not fully
understood. We
investigated the role of
Malaysian jungle Tualang
honey (TH) in modulating
the hematological
parameters, estrogen,
estrogen receptors (ER1)
and pro and anti-apoptotic
proteins expression in
induced breast cancer in
rats.
.
METHOD
50 nulliparous female
Sprague-Dawley rat were
grouped into five groups.
Selected groups were
induced with 80mg/kg of
1-methyl-1-nitrosourea
(MNU). The TH
treatment continued for
a period of 120 days
RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION
The TH treated rats had
various physical
parameters lower than the
untreated groups. Their
histological grading,
haematological parameters
were also comparatively
low. TH treated group had
lower anti-apoptotic
protein and higher pro-
apoptotic protein
expression at serum and on
tumour cells.
Tualang Honey may be used
as a natural ‘cancer-
alleviating’ agent or as a
supplement to
chemotherapeutic agents.
4
5. The Aim Of The Study Was To Evaluate
The Chemo-preventive Effects Of
Tualang Honey (TH) Against Experimental
Breast Cancer In Vivo
6. Breast cancer with major morbidity and
mortality, continues to be the most common
female cancer and prevalence is still rising.
Cancer- prevention is aimed for the
prevention of progression of transformed
cells into malignant type and to prevent the
development of second primary tumors from
the cured initial cancer cells.
Honey mainly composed of various sugars,
phenolic acids, flavonoids, enzymes, amino
acids, proteins, phytochemicals and other
miscellaneous compounds is also considered
as a natural phytoestrogen with epigenetic
modification. Honey has a potential to be
preventive agent against cancer.
6
7. It’s a multi-floral jungle honey produced by Apis dorsata bee
building it’s hive on Tualang trees in Malaysian tropical
rainforest.
Published data has shows that TH exhibits antimicrobial ,anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.
Studies demonstrated that TH as a cancer-preventive agent
ameliorates 7,12-dimethyl- benz-anthracene (DMBA) induced
breast cancer in vivo by modulating tumor severity, histological
grading and increased apoptosis ; TH reduces tamoxifen-
induced cytotoxicity against breast cancer in vitro,
demonstrating its preventive effects.
TH has been shown to have anticancer effects against oral
squamous cell carcinoma, human osteosarcoma cell lines, human
breast cancer cell lines and cervical cancer cell lines.
8. Hematological parameters of Pre and post- treatment
studies have shown that breast cancer patients have
abnormal blood count pattern.
The functioning of the immune system at
hematological level has a direct influence on breast
cancer.
Prolonged exposure to estrogens has been associated
with increased risk of breast cancer development.
Elevated serum levels of endogenous estrogen (E2)
and estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2) are associated
with increased risks. ESR positive breast cancer is the
most common type of cancer.
8
9. Apoptosis is recognized as the principle
mechanism of drugs-induced regression in
breast cancer.
Apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)
is a tumor suppressor gene and reduction in
Apaf-1 occurs during tumor progression from
primary to systemic metastasis and can
contribute to the ability of tumor cells to evade
Caspase-9 apoptotic pathway.
Increased levels of B- Cell Lymphoma – Extra
Large (Bcl-xL) expression are seen in primary
high grade human breast carcinomas.
10. The beneficial ‘preventive’ effects of TH on
breast cancer are based on the premise that
there is a reduction of tumor incidence,
increased latency period and a slower tumor
growth through modulation of hematologic,
estrogenic and apoptotic activities
According to the researchers, this is the first
study to report the modification of
hematological parameters, E2, ESR1 and Apaf-1
by administering honey as a preventive measure
in an in-vivo breast cancer model.
11. We used virgin Sprague–Dawley (SD) female
rats aged between 28 and 35 days old obtained
from Animal Research and Service Centre
(ARASC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),
Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia.
Tualang honey (TH) was supplied by Federal
Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA),
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based
Industry, Malaysia.
12. The honey samples were filtered, evaporated at
40 °C (to achieve 20% water content) and were
subjected to gamma irradiation at 25 kGy for
sterilization purposes.
Water content of the honey was measured using
a digital ABBE refractometer.
The moisture content of honey is of critical
importance as it affects the quality of honey
and its resistance to microbial spoilage.
Low water content is desired because honey
begins to ferment if the water content is
greater than 20%.
13. A total of 50 female rats were divided into 5 groups
with 10 animals per group.
GROUP 0: Healthy tumor free rats (control)
GROUP 1: Negative control (untreated tumor
bearing rat)
GROUP 2: Rats receiving TH 0.2g/kg body
weight/day (low dose)
GROUP 3: Rats receiving TH 1.0g/kg body
weight/day (medium dose)
GROUP 4: Rats receiving TH 2.0g/kg body
weight/day (high dose)
Honey treatment by oral feeding was started 1 week
prior tumor induction.
14. The rats of group 1,2,3 and 4 were induced with
cancer using carcinogen 1-methy-1-nitrosourea
(MNU)
MNU was prepared in 0.9%NaCl solution acidified to
pH 5.0 with 0.05% acetic acid.
80 mg/kg body weight of MNU was injected
intraperitoneally when they were 40 days old.
Group 2,3 and 4 rats were treated continuously with
TH for 120 days.
The rat was checked twice a week for the
appearance and progresion of tumor masses.
On the 120th day of treatment, rats were
subjected to necropsy after i.p injection of
pentobarbital 100 mg/kg body weight.
15. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture
into EDTA tubes for hematological parameters and
some portion was placed in plain tubes for serum
separation.
Tumor masses were examined in vivo prior to
excision.
Each tumor mass was fixed in neutral buffered
formalin for histological and immunohistochemical
analysis.
Blood samples in plain tubes were left to clot for 2
hr prior to centrifugation for 15 min at 4000 rpm.
Approximately 1 ml of serum was collected and
stored at −80 °C until assayed.
16. Percentage body weight change or gain (BW
change %)
= [(FBW–IBW) × 100]/IBW
Actual body weight
= Body weight at week 16 - weight of tumor
Percentage actual body weight change or gain
(ABW change%)
= [(ABW-IBW) x 100]/IBW
17. Full blood count (FBC) was carried out using
an automated cel count analyzer that aspirated
20µl well mixed blood sample.
Th efollowing as analysed:
HB, PCV, RBC, RDW, MCV, MCH, MCHC,
Platelet, TWBC, Polymorphs, Lymphocytes,
Monocytes, Eosinophils and Basohils.
18. Formalin-fixed tumors were sectioned (3 μm
thickness), mounted on frosted-end glass slides,
deparaffinized and stained with hematoxylin and
eosin using the standard method and examined
under a light microscope at 100×, 200× and
400× magnification using an Olympus BX41
microscope.
The tissue sections were examined by
pathologist (NHO) and the tumors were graded
with a human cancer grading system using the
modified Bloom and Richardson technique.
19. The tissue blocks were stained for
• Caspase-9 Rabbit polyclonal Mouse Anti-Rat
Caspase-9 Antigen
• Apaf-1 with Mouse monoclonal Anti-Rat Apaf-1
Antigen
• FASLG with monoclonal Mouse Anti-Rat FASLG
Antigen
• FADD with Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Rat FADD
Antigen
• ESR1 with polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Rat ESR1
Antigen
• Bcl-xL with mouse monoclonal Anti-Rat Bcl-xL
Antigen
20. The serum levels of E2 and Apaf-1 were
determined using 50µl serum sample with an
E2 ELISA kit and Apaf-1 ELISA kit.
The results were obtained by calculating the
mean absorbance at 450nm.
21. TUMOR INCIDENCE, LATENCY, SIZE AND
WEIGHT:
Honey treated groups (2,3and4) exhibited
significantly lower tumor incidnce (p<0.05) and
higher latency period
Rats receiving various dosages of TH displayed
lower tumor multiplicity (p<0.05), size and weight
(p<0.05)
22. Groups
Tumor 1
-ive control
2
(0.2 g/kg TH)
3
(1.0 g/kg TH)
4
(2.0 g/kg TH)
p value
a
Incidence (%) 100 80 80 70 0.406
b
Latency
(days)
51.5 (14.75) 75.5 (29.75) 76.5 (19.25) 74 (23) 0.015
b
Multiplicity 4 (2.25) 2.5 (2.75) 3 (2.5) 2 (2) 0.190
b
Size (cm
3
) 1.47 (2.78) 0.26 (0.86) 0.38 (1.48) 0.60 (1.297) 0.000
b
Weight (g) 3.23 (7.23) 1.23 (5.23) 1.17 (2.50) 1.27 (2.97) 0.005
The tumor parameters in TH treated groups compared with
untreated tumor bearing negative control
23. TUMOR PROGRESSION:
TH treated groups (2,3 and 4) had a slower
size increment and lesser median tumor size
(<1.48cm3)
BODY WEIGHT MEASUREMENT:
All treatment groups presented a higher
body BW change%, ABW, ABW% than the
untreated negative control group.
24. Tumor size (cm3) progression measured against time taken (in
weeks) after MNU induction.
25. Body weight (g) progression over time (in weeks)
after MNU induction
26. Groups
Body
weight
0
Normal
control
1
-ive
control
2
(0.2 g/kg
TH)
3
(1.0 g/kg
TH)
4
(2.0 g/kg
TH)
p value
a
BW at
week 1
168 (31.5) 139.5 (14) 122 (24.5) 123 (12) 120 (26.5) 0.000
BW at
week 16
275 (29) 265
(36.25)
265.5 (25) 264.5 (38) 262.5
(45.75)
0.629
BW
change (%)
119.04
(30.55)
94.66
(59.79)
118.01
(38.34)
117.84
(28.92)
118.15
(41.73)
0.275
ABW at
week 16
275 (29) 245.55
(22.07)
264.43
(13.83)
263.18
(27.6)
256.28
(50.86)
0.008
ABW
change (%)
119.04
(30.55)
73.94
(45.79)
114.935
(41.57)
117 (26.14) 115.47
(43.93)
0.018
27. MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC
EVALUATION
non-treated negative control (Group 1)
were larger in size, were solid and hard in
consistency and exhibited areas of necrosis
and hemorrhage
The tumors in groups 2, 3 and 4 were
softer, paler and smaller in size. some tumor
masses which completely shrunk during the
study period
negative control group were plump and
showed a number of mitoses, while those in
honey-treated groups were smaller and
exhibited many degenerative cystic changes
28. tumors in untreated rats were of higher
histological grading (grade III) than tumors
in honey-treated rats (grade I and II)
Tumors in the negative control group were
observed to have increased heterogeneous
nuclei formation which were hyperchromatic,
vesicular and highly pleomorphic with
moderate cytoplasm and increased mitotic
activity
TH treatment groups which showed fatty
change with small nucleus and cystic spaces
29. The gross morphology and histology of the breast
tumors of rats in various TH-treated groups
compared to the untreated negative control.
30. Histological grading of tumors in various groups
Groups
Tumor 1
-ve control
2
(0.2 g/kg TH)
3
(1.0 g/kg TH)
4
(2.0 g/kg TH)
Total No. 39 18 22 17
a
Grade I (%) 7 (17.94) 11 (61.11) 9 (40.90) 9 (52.94)
a
Grade II (%) 10 (25.64) 2 (11.11) 9 (40.90) 6 (35.29)
a
Grade III (%) 22 (56.41) 5 (27.77) 4 (18.18) 2 (11.76)
31. HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Normal control rats were taken as reference
value
TH treated rats showed values closer to the
normal range.
Untreated rats showed lower range of RBC,
Hb, PCV, lymphocytes and platelets.
TH treated groups showed lower levels of
TWBC, RDW, polymorphs and monocytes
compared to untreated groups.
33. SERUM CONCENTRATION OF E2 AND
APAF-1
Group 0 was used as reference value
The untreated group 1 showed higher E2 levels
and lower Apaf-1 levels
Honey treated groups had levels of E2 and
Apaf-1 approaching normal control values
34. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION
OF PRO- AND ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS
Negative control rats had higher %of ERS1 and
Bcl-xl and a lower expression of Caspase 9 and
Apaf-1 compared to TH treated groups.
Tumor treated with TH showed no expression
of FASLG and FADD.
37. TH as a potential cancer-preventive agent.
that all the treatment groups that received
TH had a lower tumor incidence and a higher
latency than the non-treated positive
control
delay cancer appearance in healthy subjects
or in subjects with an increased risk of
cancer development who are otherwise
healthy
tumor incidence was reduced and tumor
initiation was delayed by TH treatment
38. Honey exhibits strong anti-oxidant and anti-
mutagenic activity, which could probably
inhibit the carcinogenesis to transform the
normal cells into malignant ones. Hence, may
affect tumor latency and incidence.
TH appeared to slow down the progression
of breast tumors development with lower
multiplicity, size and weight
TH seems to be capable of reversing the
tumorigenesis that is shown by the reduced
tumor size and weight in treated groups
39. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and
divided into three main stages; initiation,
promotion and progression
Cancer-preventive agents may act as anti-
promoting agents via intervening at initiation
or promotion stages of carcinogenesis, TH
may intervene at the initiation or promotion
stage to inhibit tumor growth
The lower tumor multiplicity observed
implies that TH may also acts as an anti-
metastatic agent.
40. Complete disapperance of the breast lesions
demonstrated that tumors can be eliminated
or diminished by chronic administration of
low doses of chemotherapeutic drugs
MNU has several advantages as it is more
organ specific (breasts) and it induces
tumors of breast ductal epithelium
The three criteria of grading breast cancer
are based on the scores for mitotic activity,
tubular formation by cancer cells and
cellular pleomorphism
TH treated groups were of grade I and II
whereas untreated was of grade III
41. Polyphenols and flavonoids are reported to
be solely responsible for the anticancer
activity of honey. Thus, anti-neoplastic or
anti-tumoral effects of TH may also be
attributed to these compounds
TH-treated groups had blood parameters
closer to the normal control rats
Treatments with varying strengths of TH
had potentiating effect on the hematological
parameters
42. Cancer patients are reported to have lower
level of RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and lym-
phocytes and higher level of RDW, TWBC,
polymorphs during pre and post-treatment
TH tend to normalize the blood parameters
negative control group had higher serum
levels of E2 and a lower Apaf-1 concentra-
tion than TH treated rats
Higher serum estradiol (E2) levels are
associated with an increased risk of breast
cancer in postmenopausal women
43. E2 promotes cell proliferation and
suppresses apoptosis by directly modulating
the genetic expression and thus is
considered a crucial target in breast cancer
treatment
Treatment with estrogen-lowering drugs
shrinks breast cancer masses in patients.
Thus, TH behaves as a natural estrogen-
lowering agent
TH possibly modulates E2 and ESR1,
hindering this signaling pathway
Exogenous or synthetic E2 can be used as a
treatment in ER positive breast cancer to
stimulate the apoptotic pathway
44. Honey, which is a natural phytoestrogen play a
role in modulating endogenous estrogen and
estrogen receptors and may stimulate the
apoptotic pathway
Honeys from various floral sources exert
estrogen agonist effects at high concentra-
tions (20–100 μg/mL) and antagonistic effects
at low concentrations (0.2–5 μg/mL), these
effects were attributed to polyphenols or
flavonoids content
Our findings demonstrate agonist effect with
all varying strengths of TH. The medium dose
and low dose of TH seem more effective to
modulate E2 and ESR1 respectively.
45. Loss of pro-apoptotic protein Apaf-1 can aid
apoptosis
Apaf-1 is an essential target in the intrinsic
or Caspase-9 apoptotic pathway
TH enhances the expression of Caspase-9
and Apaf-1 resulting in slower tumor growth
rate and better histological grading
Honey mediates cell death mainly through
the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and by
enhancing pro-apoptotic proteins expression
46. Our findings showed no evidence of the
expression of FASLG and FADD, hence no
involvement of caspase-8 or the extrinsic
apoptotic pathway in TH mediated apoptosis.
Manuka honey induces intrinsic or caspase-9
apoptotic pathway in breast cancer
over-expression of Bcl-xL in breast cancer
patients is associated with metastasis and
worse prognosis
Decrease in Bcl-xl observed in TH treatment
lead to lower tumor cells proliferation and
increased apoptosis by blocking
mitochondrial swelling and membrane hyper
polarization
47. Tualang honey when given one week prior to
cancer induction and continued for 120 days
afterward was found to have significant
anti-cancer activity in experimental animal
model.
It alleviates breast carcinogenesis through
modulation of hematologic, estrogenic and
apoptotic activities.
It also caused slower tumor progression, a
lower tumor multiplicity, size and weight, a
longer latency period, and better histological
features and grading.
48. Tualang honey may be used as a natural
‘cancer-alleviating’ agent’ or as supplement to
chemotherapeutic agents. We believe that
current findings could facilitate further
research including clinical trials to
investigate whether TH could synergize
with, or be a substitute for
chemotherapeutic drugs.