The document summarizes the causes of deforestation in Pakistan. It argues that the primary cause is the failure of the state to properly manage forest resources and establish an effective institutional framework. This created discordant property rights that pitted the government against communities. Weak governance and an alliance between forest contractors and officials led to excessive logging. The state disregarded traditional tenure systems and control over forests exacerbated deforestation of public lands.
Political Conflicts and Community Forestry: Understanding the Impact of the D...CAPRi
Presented at the CAPRi International Workshop on Collective Action, Property Rights, and Conflict in Natural Resources Management. June 28th to July 1st, 2010, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
http://www.capri.cgiar.org/wks_0610.asp
This study finds that there is strong support for community level approaches to forest management. Securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning is a key step to achieving sustainable forest management.
Political Conflicts and Community Forestry: Understanding the Impact of the D...CAPRi
Presented at the CAPRi International Workshop on Collective Action, Property Rights, and Conflict in Natural Resources Management. June 28th to July 1st, 2010, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
http://www.capri.cgiar.org/wks_0610.asp
This study finds that there is strong support for community level approaches to forest management. Securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning is a key step to achieving sustainable forest management.
Half Earth or whole Earth: what can Natura 2000 teach us?TommasoSitzia
A presentation given on Dec, 2 2021 for the seminar series "Forest, Climate, Society" organised by Dept. of Land Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (University of Padova, Italy) and College of Soil and Water Conservation (Beijing Forestry University, PR China).
The presentation discusses the following questions:
Which are potential modes of application of the Half-Earth proposal and which are their societal consequences?
Is sufficient land or sea available and where it might be located?
Are there any existing systems of protected areas capable of promoting conservation in terms of a Half-Earth project, or operational examples of large-scale systems for conservation that might be leveraged in a better way?
How we should successfully combine economically viable forestry with nature conservation objectives?
Forest managementand Natura 2000: perspectives from the South-Eastern AlpsTommasoSitzia
Contents
Introduction. Natura 2000 network significance and forest cover. Current threats to Natura 2000 conservation objectives related to forestry. Guidance from the European Commission. Integration between forest management and Natura 2000.
A case study: natural disturbances. The Vaia windstorm of October 2018 in the South-Eastern Alps: natural disturbance or climate change? Precedents from North America and Europe and their implications. The concept and management implications of the «unpredictable disturbances» for Natura 2000. The case of Białowieża Forest.
Promoting tree regeneration in Sahel: Why is it so complicated and where do w...CIFOR-ICRAF
Denis Gautier and Régis Peltier
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
18.wild life and forest department A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
2 ijfaf jan-2018-2-participatory mapping as a toolAI Publications
This study was carried out with the aim to contribute to the sustainable management of natural resources through the production of participative maps within forest communities in the Nguti subdivision. Specifically this was to illustrate the existing occupation and traditional tenure of forest lands and identify where conflicts of use or rights already exist or could arise both for national government planning and private investors. Data was collected through focus group discussions, household interview and field data collection with the local population through the use of GPS tablets. Results show that 90.7% of the population have no idea on this participative mapping process; however, 35.19% of the population are very interested in this mapping process as it could serve as a tool to enhance land security while 28% of respondents think it could serve as a tool for boundary clarification. Also 18% consider participative mapping an interesting tool to get good knowledge of an area and plan land use. However, forest is principally used here for farming, hunting and gathering with an average household farm size of 0.35ha per year with just 30% of the non-Timber forest products in this area being exploited. The study also revealed that, conflicts of use and right exist due to government affectations, unclear boundaries and the creation of chiefdoms. Participative mapping has proven to be the better tool for decision making as other tools such as satellite images have caused overlaps in state affectations.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Local conventions governing natural resource management in southern region of...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Clarisse Umutoni, Augustine Ayantunde and Siaka Coulibaly for the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
A Review on Effects of Deforestation on Landslide: Hill Areasijsrd.com
Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation includes conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Since the industrial age, about half of world's original forests have been destroyed and millions of animals and living things have been endangered. Despite the improvements in education, information and general awareness of the importance of forests, deforestation has not reduced much, and there are still many more communities and individuals who still destroy forest lands for personal gains. Deforestation also provides stability to slope through which mass movement of rocks, debris could not occur. As the plant or tree roots provides some reinforcement and also remove groundwater. On hilly areas vegetation can stabilize steep slopes and if the cutting of trees continues it would result in a drastic change in the atmosphere or in the environment. In this paper there is summarization of cause of deforestation, deforestation causes, environment changes i.e. loss of biodiversity and how deforestation is related to landslide.
Half Earth or whole Earth: what can Natura 2000 teach us?TommasoSitzia
A presentation given on Dec, 2 2021 for the seminar series "Forest, Climate, Society" organised by Dept. of Land Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (University of Padova, Italy) and College of Soil and Water Conservation (Beijing Forestry University, PR China).
The presentation discusses the following questions:
Which are potential modes of application of the Half-Earth proposal and which are their societal consequences?
Is sufficient land or sea available and where it might be located?
Are there any existing systems of protected areas capable of promoting conservation in terms of a Half-Earth project, or operational examples of large-scale systems for conservation that might be leveraged in a better way?
How we should successfully combine economically viable forestry with nature conservation objectives?
Forest managementand Natura 2000: perspectives from the South-Eastern AlpsTommasoSitzia
Contents
Introduction. Natura 2000 network significance and forest cover. Current threats to Natura 2000 conservation objectives related to forestry. Guidance from the European Commission. Integration between forest management and Natura 2000.
A case study: natural disturbances. The Vaia windstorm of October 2018 in the South-Eastern Alps: natural disturbance or climate change? Precedents from North America and Europe and their implications. The concept and management implications of the «unpredictable disturbances» for Natura 2000. The case of Białowieża Forest.
Promoting tree regeneration in Sahel: Why is it so complicated and where do w...CIFOR-ICRAF
Denis Gautier and Régis Peltier
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
18.wild life and forest department A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
2 ijfaf jan-2018-2-participatory mapping as a toolAI Publications
This study was carried out with the aim to contribute to the sustainable management of natural resources through the production of participative maps within forest communities in the Nguti subdivision. Specifically this was to illustrate the existing occupation and traditional tenure of forest lands and identify where conflicts of use or rights already exist or could arise both for national government planning and private investors. Data was collected through focus group discussions, household interview and field data collection with the local population through the use of GPS tablets. Results show that 90.7% of the population have no idea on this participative mapping process; however, 35.19% of the population are very interested in this mapping process as it could serve as a tool to enhance land security while 28% of respondents think it could serve as a tool for boundary clarification. Also 18% consider participative mapping an interesting tool to get good knowledge of an area and plan land use. However, forest is principally used here for farming, hunting and gathering with an average household farm size of 0.35ha per year with just 30% of the non-Timber forest products in this area being exploited. The study also revealed that, conflicts of use and right exist due to government affectations, unclear boundaries and the creation of chiefdoms. Participative mapping has proven to be the better tool for decision making as other tools such as satellite images have caused overlaps in state affectations.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Local conventions governing natural resource management in southern region of...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Clarisse Umutoni, Augustine Ayantunde and Siaka Coulibaly for the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
A Review on Effects of Deforestation on Landslide: Hill Areasijsrd.com
Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation includes conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Since the industrial age, about half of world's original forests have been destroyed and millions of animals and living things have been endangered. Despite the improvements in education, information and general awareness of the importance of forests, deforestation has not reduced much, and there are still many more communities and individuals who still destroy forest lands for personal gains. Deforestation also provides stability to slope through which mass movement of rocks, debris could not occur. As the plant or tree roots provides some reinforcement and also remove groundwater. On hilly areas vegetation can stabilize steep slopes and if the cutting of trees continues it would result in a drastic change in the atmosphere or in the environment. In this paper there is summarization of cause of deforestation, deforestation causes, environment changes i.e. loss of biodiversity and how deforestation is related to landslide.
From superficial tinkering to unpacking state forests in indiaCIFOR-ICRAF
Madhu Sarin
Chandigarh, India
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
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Similar to The anatomy of state failures in forest management (20)
Prime minister’s construction package – an evaluation Lubna Hasan
Prime Minister Imran Khan announced a historic incentive package for the construction industry in April 2020. This package focused on providing tax cuts, subsidies, and reducing the regulatory burden for creating a conducive environment for construction activities. Since construction in Pakistan is a labor-intensive sector, it was hoped that the package would help the PTI government, albeit partly, deliver its other election promise of creating 10 million jobs. The ancillary by-products were livelihood opportunities and affordable housing for the poor, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Will the package be able to deliver on the tall claims?
The anatomy of state failures in forest management
1. The Anatomy of State Failures
in Forest Management in
Pakistan
By
Lubna Hasan
The 23rd Annual General Meeting Of The PSDE
March 14, 2008
2. Deforestation in Pakistan
Pakistan faces serious problem of depletion of
its forest reserves.
Approximately 39000 ha of forest are being
cleared every year
3. Popular Perceptions about
Deforestation
Over population is the primary culprit
Imprudent behaviour of people living close to
forestlands
Majority of forests are
owned/controlled/managed by the state
Role of State in the Deforestation Process
4. Theories Regarding Deforestation in
Pakistan
The THED ascribes deteriorating
environmental conditions of the Himalaya
region to the increasing population pressure in
the fragile mountain ecological environment
Wider socio-economic processes-urbanization
of the lowland areas and the corresponding
increase in the demand for timber, construction
of roads
5. Theories Regarding Deforestation in
Pakistan
Political economy approach
Rent seeking activities of the communities
residing in/around the forests as a source of
deforestation
Failure of the government to establish a proper
institutional set-up for forest management
Unholy alliance between private forest
contractors and forest officials leading to
illegal logging activities
6. Contemporary Approach toward
Deforestation
Multidimensional and complex process
Distinguishes between direct and indirect
causes
Deforestation is seen as caused by institutional
failures.
7. Contemporary Thinking on
Environmental Problems
Government/State failures are the sum of
actions and/or failures to act which result in
sub-optimal situations
State failures entail studying government
actions that resulted in sub-optimal net
benefits from the forests
8. Hypothesis
The primary cause of deforestation in Pakistan
is failure of state to establish a system that
would ensure proper exploitation of forest
resources
9. The government had complete disregard of the
existing tenurial arrangements that governed
resource use arrangements
10. the process of government control over forests
created a discordant structure of property
rights
11. Government was pitted against the community
and social recognition of state property was
absent, which made forest management an
impossible task
12. Massive deforestation on part of the
government exacerbated the dwindling state of
public forests
13. Yearly Average for the Revenue Surplus Percentage
Period
1869-70 to 1873-74 5.6 1.7 30
1879-80 to 1883-84 8.8 3.2 36
1889-90 to 1893-94 15.9 7.3 46
1899-1900 to 1903-04 19.7 8.4 43
1909-1910 to 1913-14 29.6 13.2 45
1919-1920 to 1923-24 55.2 18.5 34
1924 to 1925 56.7 21.3 38
14. Management failures placed forest contractors
in a comfortable alliance with the FD causing
excessive felling.
15. “The institutional weaknesses of many of the
Government agencies, particularly in developing
countries, are well known. Very few technical and
managerial staff with limited implementation
equipment and facilities are asked to plan, manage
and monitor developments in millions of hectares of
forest resources often subject to a number of intense
external pressures… Forest resources are considered
as resources with "open access", with nobody
exerting effective property rights on them”
16. Resource Use and Availability
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
Total Wood Cons.
10000
Supplies from Forests
0
^1993 ^1998 ^2003 ^2008 ^2013